㿴Ϲ𣿡ߣɻ
İ
˸ΣΪδˮһ·׷ɱδȴǴ׻򰮳ɺ޼ʳԵͷӲˡ
һ˻飬ֱƶ
̲סˣͷȺ˸˳۵֣˵ҶԼô㰡
Ҫɵǰδ֪⣬ǣ

ױԲǣ˭֪һ·Χ˻¼ȴ˻Сӿˡ׼ֱ˵ʱȴСӵ
[ⲻǸô⣿]
ĽŲһ٣ɴҲ
ҪѴһñӵǰδ򣺡
cpͣɧͣ磩Сӣѣ
ӦΪ~~
ʱ䣺٣ոµľʱ䲻̶ҹ0ǰ϶С
ȼеģ1ף2ף־3ף4ף־5ף־6ף񺣾7ףʥ̥8ף񾳣9ף
ע
ٵģִܶĹҴ󱳾ΪǱȽϲпģ
ȫŷңûӵģ㿴ͺ
ۼʮֵСƪ1v1Ű
趨ϹģֻҪǰûгͻҾ͸ҵ趨
ݴҺƽ۱ܣǶǽôôգ
ݱǩ ж ֮  
ؼ֣ǣѣ  ǣƵ  飬˻
һ仰飺벻Ҫҵ
⣺ҪˣҪԼ
Ʒ
ʷ񡢽С˸Σ֪ڼȶδֺƲմǲݣ󻹽ı⹫һִĶƵ۹ŭ֮£ȥֺ˻飬Ϊ˴ֺƣ·һעȴƷֱĵ磬ɻԼѱ統Ʋһȴûϵվ飬һ򸱱̸Ȥó̡
СһƬ֮ģ̱ȻȴҲ֮ദмɹļͬ˺üֵֹĸҲ֮ԽԽ߱ʵڶгɻãѺδЯͬУõһ·񱼣顣


һ и-˻֧ 


1 ֲϹ棩
ƶ½óǣԺ
䡪
ž
飡
һαƷ󣬽յĴɤӵĴߡ
ˣˣܿôһΪҪҪص˵ӵľЦ
һƹॡ
а˸ŮͷסŽصģÿöзˡʱǽسתתȥﶼ֪ôȰ
ѽŴģôôʲô˰
ĸҹģ˵˵òجΰɣ
ҹġ
ԶԶԣңƽһûʲô¶
Ǹô죿ɲùҪӾͲˡ
ҪȥһյҶξԪ¶ţȹÿڿ˾͸˽ȥҲð
˵öԣȥǺӡ
ȥȥأ
ŮҲһңǰתƵļתƣǰתƵ˳
Źһʱ䣬ڰˡ
ȻһɴȻƿ߳һ»ռʢСӣʮꡣ
ٿν޾ףϸȳӨóǵһҽСӡѡ
˿̣λСӰϷһĨϼ죬ĵ˫âƣĹĵļֱҪ
Ůгţһ񣬽ӡ
ߺߵģӻ֣µ˲ضǸϽ׼ҪȥּǸʲôδ˻飡
ŮǴʧɫæȰ˵
ôͻȻҪ˻飿ָΪѽ
˵ּˣҵļҹǲΥŵԣôüҷ
ӱ޽㲻Ҫڮټǡǡ
ѽѽ
ٴһ֣ͷ˵ǻʲô֪ҹʲôҲ֪ҪػԼˣû¶ǵĻԼԾģҪҸֵĳ˲ϲ˴ˣͿ԰Ѿ˺ֱ˻顣
⻰ŮŻȻǷġ
Ծ˵˾УҲᱻץѱޣǲǸ˼
ûǲ֪ǲǹ˵©죬Ƶٻ֣ȥȥȥȥ׼ڴſھͼǵ˵Ҫ˻ģ𣿡
Ů֮״Ƚأæѣڴ֮ͥ˻飬Ƿ̫׵
һֵ黨ǲݣȥȫˡ˵ˣҪҲڴſ˵ͷųʲô˻ء
Ůͬ飺ʲô¶ӶûǼ䣡
Ʋ죺ּƲҲô¶
ŮЦ
˵öԣһȣȫǶ仧
ʱû˭ôŴʲôˣŮ̷ֳȥϳ⼸ææ⣬λС׼
յʱȥ
ѾݵشԺаͷޱȵıǰ˩ͷÿһͷζ೤ͷǣۼףʮ񿥡ѰλŮ
ֵǧƮڱ֮䣬ڳ͸Եýݻˡ
΢紵ʱӳ֮䣬ż֣̽Ѱ
Ů֮״һֻɫıͽǶι̵СϣȻһԾڳͷϣӱʹ
òŮڱߣƵ޷߸ߵضͷ㲻մƮƮһ㡣
ǵģŮױ硢ʢװϯ
ȳԺԺϰٸ׵ı뺷棬Ǳһǹǹͷɭޱȣÿһλ൱Ӣ䡪ûһģҲǶò𱣻⳵˳СҲλСӵ档

ǣôųѣڳʵڷꡣ
ģģġ
ľһܵ顣

Ҫ˵λСӣ֮ԸôʵΪĳ൱߹
ҵǰμӢ壬ǶƵ۹ĵŮ˪Ϊһ˫վ顣˪ǶƵΪ谮СŮȫ۹ſѡҵĵӼԸױӭȢؼңƫƫϲӢ壬ޡƵϸ󣬷ҵĸȻһ㣬ȴҲһǵĴңӢƷҲͬŻ¡
˵Ůķֻ֣ܸҲеһӴڵͷĳ˷óǡзǣȻȫǻ
ҵҲϽѼ֮λ˳ҲðθӢݡ
³ѣǼֱǧ谮һôܲ
ֻϧʱһΣյ˫˫䣬Ƶ۷ǳܣѡȥָ˸Ӣ׸ӢΪúõչ챦Ｘǳ졪Ҫ֪ΪλԵʣԼŮôݳ谮ġ
ʧȥʹƵ۶ѵֲ
ˣֻҪҲﶫƵۣ;Իúù
Ϊĸȥ˼£֮ҲͰ·ˡϾȻǱܳ谮ɼܲס֮İ񵽲Ǻݵ¶Ӳ㣬ʱչ뿪ʱҲСԶ˵дڸе˲ǰ裬⹫ƵۡƵʼնڣˣҲ𽥷£ָ˴ǰĽԡ
˵棬ľµָΪδֺˡΪʲôԼΪ轲
ּڷó䲻ͷļңҲһУ
ּһҪӭȢһŮΪޣʧȥᣬټרԷ檣˲ҺŮ˪ʶ˺ܺõѣּҼǵͼ˺ܶࡣ
˲ʱ仳У˪Ϊ˰ѹ̵λֱӵּҺܶ˵Ů˸ָΪ顪Ȼ˪Ͼ裬ҲģûӺӳͰѻˣǾõȺӳԺϲּҺӣԽԼ˵ˣƵ۵˭ǿأ
˪̫磬ԼѵŲˣҲűԼ
ɾҹ˸ֵΡ
˵ѶСµδֺ֣ˮһԴÿҲͺֺֺİŮ˺Ǹӵˣȴ֪ܵҪֺЩŮˣʳԵ˺ܶ񶾵ΪƫƫǸƵ۹ĻͷӶƵۻӦٰ֧֣˺ѹֺƵŮǣ˻¡
Һֺʵɿ죬մ˶ƵۣƵ۵ĴȨ䣬ٰѴѹֺƺߵˡ
ڶƵǿоʱ򣬱ƭʳǣҲҵ˻ĽҰ⡣
ξŹȿֺؼѵ
ڤڤʲôڸġ

ǻı꣺⣿⣿⣿ôˣ
ʲôжˮһԴֺơǵԴΪֺʵʵ̫ָͷ㶫Ͻһˮˮǻϴֵˮǰ˸ʿʱõԴϴˮʮ
ʲôÿͺֺֺƣҲҲҪģ͵Ķ̫ҲûرõģǸҲֺиδͷĵȻȸͨҪһҲǾţһëѣͺˣ
ѿȻлԼ˾͵ֺŮ˾ڸñӣ϶Ҫ˸ִ߰Բ򲻿ǾǹŪѵĽСʳԡ
ȻˣֺˮǲҪģҲǿһѡѵͽСᡱˣ
ѷŭǣص
ֺӣһͦΣһҲϲãܵúǿ
ޣ
ָޣ
ֲϹ


2 ˻飡
ξ̫ˣǰǳ壬ϸҲ٣ܶණѹͲԼģѹԺһлأòš
ҲˣѲô
ȥ޿̣ʹ¾ģŲҪˣ
ɻ䱻˵֮ĻΪԼǽЩǴʵǷҪ˵ֺơǾǲСҪӵ𣿻ᱻЦĺ
˻飬Ҫ˻顣
ǸֺһֱͦεСѾߣ˵صģİšˣֳɵ
Ŷо仰ô˵ţվڵµƸߵϡ
ĳ˼УָĴ⡣

СóǶǺģټ࣬ÿһǳҲ⣬һǰ˸ŮӢǷĻǣµѵĳݣǷ׷׷£űһ·ӵ֪Сɶ
ӳǵһһ
ѹôĳݣ
ǿѹȥķҪȥּң
˵ѹӸּҵϵֺƹлԼĪȥ̽δλ굽ˣòȥԼڵİɣ
ּҿ˵ãҾưܵˣôõĻ³š˵ǸѹӵĻԼڣּҲûסĵλ
ֺƹӸѹ˳ɻˣּһһɨƣ

ּҴǰ
Ů֮״ǰһͬŵļʿ˵ѹǰݷּΪһԼһ£ͷͨһ
ʿմӦͨȻӦʲô˻飿
¶ˣûҳɣææؾͳ˴
ͬʱΪȫûѹɤӣһ˲䴫ȥԶΪʽ»ڵĳǣȴΧ۵˹Ѫ˻飬ʱȤˡһʮʮ٣Χ۵Ҳˣ˷ܡ
ĿĴﵽеڳﳯ˿
ڣ͵ֺǸӳˡ

ֺּڵõϢ󣬴Ҵææس
ŵſڣһ۾ͿݻĳӴݣǹˣƵġرѣһСȻһֱڳﲻ¿ǸҲ¶棬͸Եˣʵﲻ
ֺƵü۴һĨ裬ǰһ˵ѣʲô˼
˳ݵǰ棬ֺƽӽݰ벽
ֺĿǰŸͻƵ־ȴͻƲ˴谭Ĩ͸ˡ
˿̣дһǰ治Ѿ˵ˣ˻顣
ʱһȻ߳ŮһŮƮƮ߹ȥ̧򿪳š
ɲǼ䣬һλɫ˵¶
λĻʣ
ͷСɾֲʧοڣɫСȡ̬ԪʯǶǽ屦µÿ·ÿϣŵǼɫƤ۶Ԫסģ¼ֱԡ
Ӧǻڴ۵ģƤ̫ˣҲ̫ÿȻһӦѤòʹȫѹסĳʮֵĕi
ڵԳƵϽᣬҲɲѹһ˿ò

ֺҲⱻݻۣɺܿ뵽˽ĳ裬ͰЩɨԺ
ߵּû䣬ӿҲ֮УҵĻԼǳ£ϣӴ˽£ȴشĵּҰɣ˾ٶǷ̫ף
ּͬߣּҳĸֲӾѾᣬû뵽ᱻѹʰѵĶͱһּ֪ˣСǿӵˡ
Ѱڰ֣˰ɣּûʲôϵҪĿ֮¸˻飬Ϊҡ
ּһ裿Сӹҽڣ
̲סʵֶӣ⻰Ӻ˵𣿡
ƳһۣϸָҲһ㡣
ӣ˵߶Ǹȥ
ֺƵԱߣվŸСѾߣòüۼ͸һɳ
СѾεطֺƵĸ첲ֺúܽؿѣƺŭ۸Լҹӡ
Ŀȫ۽СѾʱСѾ߲Żҵɿ֡
ܶѾ̷ӵʱǺ̫еģǸѰѾ߻ϵѾߣǺжϵġͱλûŮеķִ磬ôԣֺ֮ĹϵӦô㲻岻׵ġ
ɲǼ䣬˽
ֺƺõӰûѹӳɻ飬˰
ӺҲѰ
ô˵ģֺƹưɣȻƾ͵üβͰǿƵѹӶû˵ʲôأֺƹһƵôɣɲѹ𣿡
ѹѹҪôֺ˳һʮ塣
˵ֺƹӸСѾͷȷʵģϸȥҶɽҩͿһǸü۴ӴҵʱûϳֺƹӣĶСءĲ˵ֺƹӶСѾᣬСѾҲ⣬
Ҳûֺƹȥѹӳ̤࣬ƽҲûٽôһԱȡ
ƣ˻ҪͷСѾ߻أ
ԽԽ࣬СѾЩη
ֺƷɪʶذ󣬰ο£¡
СѾ¶˰ĵı顣

룬֤ȷˣ

ѱŸ߰ı飬˵ҵĻԼ˵һ
ˣԼԽ˵СãڵҸ˵ǵո˫ԣҵȻҪ˻顣ĸ׺ͷ˵ϣҶҲֻ㶪ⲻְɣ
ֺּƶúܹ֡
ǿµ¸ô£ȻĽֺƣֺƿǰõģֻΪδڣעҪ⣬ŶһЩ
ǻãѾڣʵ˻ˣôݵعǣˡ
ֺƻʢһûסѿڶּ
û˵꣬˸ɫŮСҲ嶯ĺٴˣｿطʲôѽټķóǣļܱѹǮּ𣡡
һƬš
Χ۵ĳǺȻЦ

⻰ǲ٣ǷóﻹûбѹӸˣ
ֺּһʱ޷ࡣ
Ѱ˸ۣĿⲻΧ˵ɨ
ͻȻ䣬һˡ
һ̣Ѳһ뷨ٿкǱߵģ
Ǳߵģ˭
ڳ˲˳ѵ񿴹ȥ
Ŀٴξ۽ֻһξ۽ĲƯСһߴ׳Ӳʵźش󵶡һͷǳǵӡ
ӿûʲô鲨
ˣֻ³һ֣ң
ѲͷظϽģ
Χ۵ĳҲãּҸҲգ̫ǰڷʲô¡
еͺȻ
Ҳдˣһ˲ӿֳʮ߰˸²⡣
ô
ӣǹȥǲȥ


3 ·ߵĶ
ǸĬĬߣƽʱ˵ĺΣ֮ѰĵرԴѪΪԴͷϲ֪˶ߵȷʵǺܲǵġ
һʱ䣬ͨǧ¥Ϣ֪˷óǸҶɽһġܸʵı͸Ͻ˹Ϊ˱֦װԼʵֻпΪƽƽߵһԱû취˭СʾͲأ
ʲҲûмֵ
Լǵúڱ˴ȥʱҪɱ˸պˣֱӶ£ֱߡԼñһԻ񵽣û
ûٻȥ˼ɴԻպԻе̵һ书Ҳٸǰκιϸ𣬾ͰĵظԻѧ
Իˣ翿Ųƴǿ־һ·ƴɱɹؽԼʵƽӲκλᣬΪǧ¥ĳͣϧÿεĴջ񶼻¥Ϊ˱ȿܸԼ˶õһϢ
һҲ⣬úõǱأλһ㽻ҲûеСӣôͻȻסˣ
ֻΪΧ˻̫࣬·ˣûмʱ뿪Ѱ

ӱͺܶټСʱ򾭳ͷۣÿͷۺĵнӴʱƣ͸ˣ˱⣬κ
ȻȻģݹأôȥҲǲġ
ǡ
׼˵ʱ򣬺Ȼѵ
[ⲻǸô⣿]
翴úѵûû˵
ϸûдҼܴǵݵķҲֱ֡Ӵ𣬶Ǹƽ˵Ƶ
üּ޵ɨΧˡǱͺٵԵʣǳó˱ϵ΢С仯ǳǿֻһ˲Ĺ۲죬Ҳٿڳ˵顪ȫû
Ҳ˵⣬ûκ
ѵѵ
[벻ûͦӢѵɵֺƺÿҵɵ֪⣬ֳǴ]
û
ľѵɡ
ĬȻ
ôѵѵ뷨ֵֹģܶʶ߰㡣ǣȻЩʵ˼
ﻹ
[Ұȥƣ˳һСˡ]
һ̣ˡ
Ȼ֪ô£ȻøСӲпܸ
رôƶǸһʲôԵʵġ

ΧȺںּҸɶӣ
Ǳѵһʸˡʲô
뷨ܶ࣬ڴĻӵķӦ
ȻǵעУӶˡ
û߼ֱѵǰ
û˵ôվš
ȴ´Ƶʣʲô֣
ӻش𣺡硣
ͬʱ
[һʲô磿̫̫ˣò׸㵽õ˻ĴУƴ̫жͬھ˳ˣԼҲ̣Ūĺöɵֺơ]
[ʵʲʲôﶫǣѡĴеǻУҲǸ˵Ǹ˵һ֣һ봫лð𡣻ҲǸɵӣ֪ԼҵĴʱŮһսǿˣɵֺθá]
磺
оһѾ
ԭҵˣøлλСӵϡ
Ѷһܰ԰ɣ
΢飬ˣǡ
룺ʲôز
磺ȫңöԪҡ
Χһ˽ЩһԾ˼Ĳ²⡣
ѵ˵ɣ
ʵ֤ǻġ
ѸһĽ飺ҶԼô㰡
磺
ԴӱλСӽסѾΡ
߶ġֺ֪Ǵ⡱ĽʽǴӽֱ߰飿
ѵ൱ֱʡ
[ôӳòÿ𣬶Ȼ]
ʱ򣬽СĿתؿȻȫ¹׸˵ǺѩѡƵĿ
ûôÿˣҲʶŹӣòûһܱȵùǰġ
ôúãҲ͸ɡ
绹ǾӦ
ΪѽŵХֱħϢ
Ȼһָоʱ򲻴Ӧѵ飬˵ʲôҪ¡
[ǰɲǰɣû۹ⰡľҲÿɣ֪ͬ˵ͬôͬܲϹֻҪ۾ģϳÿɣ]
[ѵ˵ϲģ]
[ͺˣΪʲôϻϲġ]
[ˣϲľϲİɣ뿴ֺһɵȡ]
[ҲǷҪǿΧһȦҲͶҵҪ֤ԼֺǸȣܲҸġ]
[ʵڲУҾֻǿȡˡ]
[ץȥٸӾҪɵֺ֪Ըڴץ˳۵ģҲҪˮĳȣ]
[
еϧҲôÿˡ]
[Ҳͱȱѷɫһ˿˿]
粻֪ڼεسĬ
ĬĬ룬λСûпǹһֿܣ˵ΪСӲÿΪ鷢չ̫죬ԷѹûӦ

Դˡ顱Χ˵ķӦ൱ˡ
ǹֵһƬȻ͸籾һȫ벻λѹӻڴһ˾Ҫۡ
ֻкܶ˼ֱǴضرźǳĽ磬ʧΪʲôѹûѡԼ
Щ˾;¶ܶϷҲ֪ǲġ
һЩֱڿּҸӵЦϾ˻鲻٣̲ǻûֺƸڻԼдʱһĽСѾߡáѾ͸ڻԼдʱһס
˲µѵĿģڰЦֺѹ·˶Ȳϡ
ֺּƱֻŭɫǺ죬ʱǺࡣ
ѣ̫
ּΪͲֺ̣ȴٳ嶯һûסҪѿڶѣ㡭
Ǹֺͬһʱ̿ڣ˵ɴҲ
ĻպôֺƵĻ
Χ۳ǣŶ
̫˼ˣûа׸
ֺƵɫѿ
¶һЦݣ֣˵
˶٣Լ֣沼ֵļӣٿѵ֣ϸ覡
ͻȻһͷһȥòСۿްɣ
ѷԵľٶüëߴٵɡ
Ͳˣסѵ֡
һ˲ǡ
[ӵòȻ˫Ҳܾˣ]
ѵõģȻ˼ε


4 δ
ѵҲһߣȻԼģ治ΪһּӾҪۿޡ΢һѣͰקϳԼԱߡ
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ò
Ҳ˵ó󣬿ҲǴͳϵӢ
൱ǱӲиƵģûκεΣüбֱ̣ݶԵ÷ǳ顣
֮ǸѽȻ෴ġһֱܺǻģӲġҰֱ޾ĥġ
㲻֮࣬Χ۳Ҳаﷸֹģѵѹȱʲô벹ʲôôĻ絹Ǳֺơ

Χ۳˼¼еּҸӸо˼ĳ衣
һ뵽﷢¾һӸµؿǣ˵ּȻֺƹҲѰ»ɼûԵ֣Ҷ˵ĻԼҲʹհɡ
ּһû̴Ӧ
Ҫǰּһûнʱǻ̴ӦģʱͬգǻԼڡǻѵıӻּܵĴȻԼûϵĶȴҪɳʱ䡣
ֺûܹôǰּû۹ⷽ£ҲͲԼΰ
ֻܴĿ¾ʹǬóһᣬ˵棬ݺݵһ˺룡
һϲЦտ˶·˼֡
ͬģҲȡһᣬҲ˺
һֺ̣ƺѶоһεϵ֮Ͽˡ
ּʧ̫嶯ˡ
ᶼ˺ԼҲͽˡ
ڿ¶ģּӿֳŨŨŭЩʧҲɢˡĺƶﲻãҪҵССòЩʵȲĺƶô͸Դǣ
ּһҧȰǿȥȻȴͻȻ⣬һĨЦݣԲȻҶԱ˴˶⣬ԼҲǽ˵ĺá춨ԵӾȻõˣͳôڶͬǵǰ¶»Լɡ
Χ۳ǣŶ
ͷô˵ҪĻѹǲҪﻢ˰
ֺȻԳ嶯ȴҲǴˣôһ˵˼֡ʱҲѣ˼ѲͬĻҪô
벻ǣѾȻûԥԼǬȡһհ׵ĶԾᣬֱ̯

һ֧ʣٵд˼֣ȻԵ磬ָھ·Ŀհ״һ㣬ʾǩ⡣
һȻԼָе
һ̣ĸо
Ҫ˵ܾˣҲþܾˡ
Ͼޡˡ
[ôּϵĻΪܷӲɣޣǰ̵ɵֺƣܰݶ𣿶Ҳǵù˵㣬ô˳أҲͱɵֺƺÿһٱɡ]
[̫̰ɣӿ׼úӵģҪǰ;˹˿ɲС]
ĻУû˿޹ֵǩԼĴɷģÿһʶ˵һ
ǩùʣֱӰҲǩȥ
ţžɢһʹ⣬һΪֱѺ
ʱʼ˾Ķ»Լˡ
ѻɴذѻԼչ˸ࡣ
ãڶóǳ֤֮¶ԼӴһһһ˫ˣʸ־壬ڡ
ɲǼ䣬Χ۳һ𾪡
ּҸӣҲе㾪ˣʼҡ
ǰɣѹ/Сô𣿣

𾪵ԭ
һѺ綩õľᣬĿǰ֪ԼԾƷߵģԶɢĻǲɫâľԼҲ󣬾ֺƵֻҪ˺ܽԼ˵ġֺƶǸϵȵľᣬɢѡ
ڶдҲֺͬƵĴԼǡֺԸĸ֮Լպ˫ڶԷ˺ἴɽԼصǡʸ־壬ڡһһһ˫ˡװ׾˵ˣԼˣҲˡռ˵ǲǾеˣ
˵ԺʵˣҵԼİ취ϻ˵ˡڶóǳ֤仰ԺǿнԼĻ͵ðЩ֤ȱһɳɱѡôˣΧⶩ鳡ĳΧһȦһȦģ֪嶼ЩˣסЩˣҪԺԼʱô죿˲֪ȥˣһʱҲô죿
Լ϶˾ûûˡ
ĻΪ˴˶İѰɽ˺İĽС˶δظôأ
Χ۳񶼲Լͬ룺ڲڣĲڰ

ѻܣ⿴ôЩҪӵԼžսǬּҸӼ򵥵ʾкȥˡ
ҲպԼľᣬ׼³
ס˰ۣȥģҳúܡ
˶٣Ҳûˡ
ţΧ۵˶ǼòŮȻתͳͳ֮תȥֺʱһƺƴҺХء

ѵ󣬾Լ
[ǸɵȲپñӰĽ˰ɣ]
[ȾҪгȵӣҪ̫ˡ]
磺

صҺѾֱԼԺ
Ŀбӣ½۽һɨҲܿԺﴦݻһжѷǳƥ䡭һסĵط
һݵǰʱŲͣס
ѾߵıŨҪӿƵģ˸ҫۡ
ûŤͷŸʲô
[ӳ]
ȥˡ
ȻԺĸݻϸǳÿһܰڳĶۿɼİ󡭡ϳϳܷ֣ʹԼͷԣʱȫҼҲȲκһļֵ
ֱλСӵĺԺȻȷˣԷǾ䡰ʲô治˵󻰡
ֱӵϣָָ棬˵ɣÿԼһ
ףΪʲôǰ˿һжôȻδҲ̫˵㡣
͵磬һԲ
ûôоеͷƤ顣
ڣѿˡ
ˣһû㣬ָĶԣôʹӦˣ
ĬĬؿѡ
㻹֪͸ƵģУ˲ʣǲ̫ˣ


5 𣿣棩
ش𣺡ɴʤҡ
Ʋ죺˵Ļ
統Ȼ˵ԼǡԷԼԼΪʲô֮ԭ򣬶̹ϵ˵һɡ
ĳûˣһֻܸѹһЩѹҲĳ֮󣬱Ӧˡ
һʱЦ͵عƣ۹⣬ӷǵ㣬ʵʵڵغ㡣ҵδԺҪߣҸĺôȸĸ࣬ҲҪȫʵ룬Ҳϲ˴ܣԺҪ˭۸ң͵ÿˡһ壬Ӯ˾ҴӮˣɲܸҪҷġ
綼ˣҵͷʾԡ
ѻϲֺǸɵģҲƽҺñ¶Ŭ裬ûȥҪڿҪЦˡˣͷ͸һȥȥġģӳź·㰮Ҹ㼸˾Ԫţ⣬ȥĶ
ܸӣ
˽˿ռԺ󣬶ֱ
ǱֵúԣŶ뵽ʵǺƽӡ
ٵͷϤԸ
ˣµؿ磬˵㲻ú𣿡
һ㶣Ϊʲô裿
ѻżᵽѵ뷨ֱȻţҪ㲻ܸκŮȾû檣Ҽʳǿѹ㹼ˣˣ⹫ǣˣҿ϶ҪŪ֮СֻܴˣҶָʹоϣΪѹ֪Ĳҵһʱ޿κֻܺԹ̣ԸˣҾȻҲߵТĶֻ˵ֵԪҵˣҲӾȻҪһһһ˫ˣˣ
һֵֹ˵ˣŬˣԺͲͷƤˣֱͷƤըоԼҪʶ衱ˣⶼʲô߰ģ
ǸֻҪܴﵽĿľͲ鷳ֱѵӣŬ˳󣬻һһش⣺ҲκȾ㲻ἵʣ⹫ûʲôҲûʲôû˲㣬Ҳ˲㣬ҲûָʹԣûûҪʲôӡȻܽᣬû衣
һһ۵ôػش̲סЦ
ЦöҪϹˣʱ쳤ֱۣȥ
ѵЦȻֹ
򶨣ġ
ѣŶ
[Ȼңèһң]
[ˣҪδһӡ]
[ֻҪҲ˵ξͲڣ]
[´βˣ]
Ĭû¶һ˿
˳־ˣ㣬ǹ
ģ´ͬҲǻֱӿ죬治ұ֤Ժô

δȻֻǵһμ棬ѾĬӵˡ
ʣʲôˣ
ʵش𣺡
ѣͣ
磺ʮꡣ
˼еϰ¶һЦҽʮߡ
[ǿϲݣһţⶼˡ]
[൱ҪֺǸɵȵĻϲݾϲݡ]
΢飬ܴ
˵ѹӷ绪ïĳȷȻǲɣˡ
Ѻܸˣͦ˵ʵİ룬οҲԷƱȻڿеɣǴ⣬Ҽסһʱúñˡ
[˿װͷ˸͸ÿˡ]
磺áĳڴ˶лѹӺ⡣
Ц绨İɣЩҡ
ϰλСӵɣ˵л
Ѿú˳Ҳ͸ˡ
[治ҰҪ̫ˡ]
ദúܺггѸٷˡ
⣬Ů֮״ͻȻߵţƽСӣ룬˵ǰȥһ
һ⻰üͷ
ǰ˰ƵϷһĨɫȻɫѰȾϼһ˫ŭˮٵǴûľ¡úÿˣʹüҲǺÿġ
ȻͦӱȽƺ«úÿҲǲޡʱ򣬿ǵԼէҵļˣ͸ñ졭ûн֡ѵĻ
[Ǹ侮ʯ˵Ҳɡӱһӵʱˣ˵üëˣñӹȥˣ]
ǿڣ֪ѹӴʱɻпУǷܸ֪ĳպңĳ£˹ӵ档
ѿ硭ʱ˺ܶࡣ
ھпգ㽲˹ֺƶ˵ĿȲüǣֻҪǵߵʱ򣬳⣬ǵλߵġԺ⹫ֻ⹫ǺҪģ˿㲻öܣ⹫ŮҪǶ̬ȿҲǿˡ
˵ʱѳȥһ䣺ȥʲôȥҾԼ
ĴԾܣʮػظǣӣȥ֪
һ˵ͱģҵ©ʲôļѹҡʲôû⹫ͱһˣֵõҲԼˡ
翴ѶεԹԡ
λСӰ޷ȷ
覴ãҲᱻ˶Դ

ѵȻӢԹԡ
ѪԵӢӿѵ״󲮣ǸǰѶӢҲ𾴵ġ˵ǰ׵ӢСʱ˵ӢֵεˣȻٶЩ
ÿ⹫Ƶ۸ʲôҲЩõ͸ӢӣӢӶȽҲйһЩСʹ롣Ӣӵ˵ǣΪ״󲮣ֶ̫ӣʹֶӻ˲ϲ󲮣ֶʧȥĸ֮Ҳõһ̶ȵĽ̵εġ
˵ӢӵĻû⣬ǹεĺڣӢӰƭʳǵģѪʱӢӲŵظѣʵһֱӢ壬Ҳѣʹ˼ҲԼһȣͷֻΪʹ졪ʵѱëӵƨ
Ӣӻ˵⺦ѣҪѵʬȥ̼ƵۣոǿսͿʬ壬ǸʱֺƵĳŮ˻㶫Ƶۡʱ綼öƵΪƷȥỳɵֺƵϣֺƾͻǸݴȵֺơ
ӢӵĵճСŮƸѹϵãʵ͸ֺƹˣԺҲѺԺܳ谮Ů֮һ

ѷŭ֮Ҳܲף֮һͷʲôõģ


6 ȳĵ
˵˪µĻŲֺǸδӢµĻŲӢ״ˣŻ˫׽ʱŲһӡ
ϧǣŲûһö
̲סͺ꣺һ˫ȳֻమˡɣҵһǸУҵһǸЫŮ
Ѿߵֺƣ֪ӢӵĿԺȻͲӢӼǰͷˡ˵䲻ģĲ˵󲮿ˣӢӾʲôҲǡ
ʵӢһҼӵôԴŲѵļŮࣻӢҲûȫԼȡʲôԴⷽѣһܳΪҪΪһ̳֮λӢʵڳɫӭȢ˵ŮֱѹԵĳ룬Ӣӣǽġ
ǵģӢӿһϵģʵĺûá
ƶ½ϣ˶ΪģеǿʳкܶСͬ͹ҴڣҲӻͨġûǡ
˵ʵ߲лȨ
ӢֶβҲˣҪĻԼʵ־
ɶʮˣȻֻ־
а˸Ůĸȥ⹫ɹģǶƵġڳɳдڶһ
ʱǶֻʮֱ꣬Ϊޡ̡塢ѩӯº٣ʵѾˣһͨԴעȥ񲻹Ƕʮͷֶͣ־۷壬Լͻһż
־ߵһѶȼĹؿԴмҵ׵ʱ־ȻͻƵȴǵҲ
־Ԫ꣬Ϳһ٣ﵽ֮࣡
ڵ磬ЩŮСһ꣬ȴѾԼɾʵ࿴ġ

ǼŮȻˣĻȻǱƵѡչģȻÿۺܲЩӻҲûӶƵõôǵ۹Ҳܺã׿ӢЩ׾ӵ˼ǰҲȰɹֻǵСЩǾֻò˵żСġ˵©ѡ
ΪŮҲûѵ£½ΪԺЩŮȻͻǼš
ٴΡ˵©족ʱѵͺˡ
ѺԵĲӢˣⱨŵĴȻ֪ΪʲôȴҲ˸߲ң޲̾Ӣ֪Nɪ

ȥÿø죬ӢȻΪѲӶŭ˦ӳ˹ѸٵԺС
ӢӳɤӣһֺɸֵĿǳѣƶ˻飿ΪҵȻҪǵĳοң
һ
߿ţҡ߳ƮƮ˵˻ʱЩΧ۵ĳǿɸ˵úܣ׷׶˵ֺɵ䲻ء
ӢߵҲƶ
Ѵֲм󣬲˵óǣȫƣҲǳ⹫еǸҶǿġֺʲôٹһҪҵţȴһӰȳ²֣ｫҷУ˵⣬ζ˵ǲҿеģҶҪ֪
Ӣһҭһ˿ʼɡ
⻰ǲ٣ŶƵ۵ĳ磬Ƶ۹£ȷûκ˵ܱѸۺġеǶƵ۸˪ޣͿȹĳЩΪĴҵļҵףҲȫѵӢϲø˪һͬؾͷ˽Ҳͽ˶Ƶ͵Ů澾ӪȥҲ֪˶ٱ
˵ּˣҵĲҵҲȲʲһ롣
ҡ
ӢԼãƺл
ȴں˵ֺСӳó󻹰֣ǰϾˣȴͷỊ̃ҿ̲ˡ
Ӣüĸߴϡһͷӵƺ⺷ʲôƲ磬ҾЩȻ
ת䣬ӢְųӣĳҲգֺƲطԼˣԵ˸飿պǡָǺãѣ㲻ԣҡ
Ѱ˰֣̬Ȼ赭дģʲô⹫ѹأѵҶԲסҲɣ繴ָ֣ɻṼң
ϵػش𣺡زҹ
ֿӢӣȻһЦ㿴
ӢȻҲҲĹ㣬ֻܹε̾ٷȥ
ſڵ˿
ӢԽĹҲúܲԾҲֻһĥţһ߿첽ߡ
ѶԣһӢӣòſʲôίߡݾߡ
ϾֻҪͼƷǼλŵġʵǿǣҲҪȡġ
ΪӢӸԡ

ߺһ
翴ˣλСӲᷳ
ʲôˣ
Ÿô룬ѵʹˡ
[Ҫɵֺƽһҷϣޡ]
磺
Ŷˡ
ţºһ¡
һ˲һĨٻӰѶȻͳѵǰȻһЦǡ꼻š
ԸҲһ˿壬ȴŷǳ׾Ķ쵰ԵԲ
˵ȥ⹫͸ҵֽҪ⹫дš
ºһ񣺡ǡ

ѸƵдŵʱûбܿ硣
Ϳд
⹫ҵøһҸֺɵ˻ˣʲôöҾӵˡһ˸δ򣬳úܺÿɵǿʮʵҲĿǰҲѹʮɵӡһҪ״Ӣ۸ңһûҵֶӣҿҪˣǻ˰ɣҾӢֹ˳һ㣬ּ¡ҪӢֹҲУǾͼ
ѣ⹫念
ʱҴ
дذֽһһöӡ¸ڱϣֽԱߵȺŵºȥ⹫ʱ򣬾Ͱ¶⹫Цô£漰⹫ȫˣѵҪţ˵ȻĿǰ²٣ɵԺˣܶ»Ҫ⹫ϵİ
ºһһͷÿɫ֮ʱɵر졣
ǰֻºԼݡ
ǣÿһѸƵдţ͹ȥġ
һֻΪţƵ۴²ʵıĿǰºʵߣﵽļĳ̶ȡҲǿ۷塣

磺ǲŸն飬ΪʲôôҪȥݼˣ


7 ҳǮbug
ѸĿߣͷͿԴŹֵı顣üͷʱһšվҰȥӸµظʵǶʲô𣿡
[ȻҰɫһһʣҲһͺأ]
Ƥ΢飺ûУֻǾýչЩ졣
ѻȻ
[ԭܳˡ]
ѵؼһĨЦݣͺƤֳһ¡
ѿˣļ硣
缸˲壬Ѹٷ̾ͶʲôĵˣǾƾʵí˾õͱֻҲͱƤʲôʲôģȫûҪ
ѺȻ˵ÿӭҵҿǲϲЦģϲͲЦδǰеȨġ
صǡҡġ
ûȨ
ܸжѵֻͷһ޷ġΪʲô߻еǲҶ
˵ǲġ
ˣԺ󲻻ͬѹס
ӣȻףԺҲƺңҾ͹ˣֱӳƺ־С
ǳ˳ӵֱӽѡ
⼫ˣ硣
ֻãһ㵭Ӽͷ
ֵֹġ
͸һ֡

˴дŸ״ѵǳãֱ̧ȳָʾԸŮǵȥƽĵطʰ˳ֿȨޣҲʱϡ
ŮǶ൱Լҹٻʱಡһ£ָʾ´ɲǣŮɢƵģಡƮ˲ͬķ
ֻһ·Ĵ
һŶ񣺡롣
ס磬󲽵ҲǸȥ
ֱϵļرַɡ
ò˵Ӧķǳãʱȸղűļʱأ

ԺԴѽҪʱϲõĶƵһóҽģ񿰱ȻӾסĵط˵ԺӣʵϲڵһĸۡԼסԺ֮⣬ؽÿһؽжкܶôĵطһʩӦоСŶþҴŵġ
ڳͰ˴һõ԰ӡ
԰ӴŵϷһңдš԰֡
翴⼸֣е𺳡
Ը֪ҲͨһֱҲһǷǳǿдλߵһĨ⡣ϮĨԱ仯λߵĻֵǿС
λ߾жǿ۳⻯ģҲ񺣾񺣾ԪԪԺ󣬲ܴԪϷֳ
ѵҲ
ô⣬佱۹
磺Ѵͽ̡
Ժؿ⹫дģ֪İɣ⹫Ƶۣʥ̥ĳǿߣֻһ֮ң
ͼ¶ı飬沿⻹ǲֻõƵȷǾǿߣȻ˼ҵֱʣҲѹĻˡ
Ѹˣٴ÷ǳ͵磬ٴοĺ۹⡣
磺˼̫ǿҵȼʶǳ֮Ҳ
ȻһЦʱĲãҫĿԡ
ĬĬɫ
ЦԺܺõذ˴š
ʱ䣬ǰбƬ̿ɫ֯ư֮Уɾʤա
Ƕ΢ᵽ˿˿ҩ㣬ͨѪҲ֮ĵһ˲
ҩرضҩıҩҲһƷ಻׵ġǰױҩģڵľ绹Ҫ߳һ󾳽Ҳջܴĺô
緢˵жʮҩأһƷƷУ㹻ߴӸһֱ־óǣȫ۹ľ壬ûҩء
Ե
ɷ˵ԺЩҩȫã߲ˣ
̹ϵػش𣺡ˡ
Ѹˡ
ôҲ£Ҳظء
ʮҩÿһ󾳽ĶƵڣһģһṩԪģһ˵ģһģһյġ
𾪣ʲôôյģ
ѰһۣʲôֵģҺʹǶˣ˵ļȻ覴áҿҲкЩ˺ۣպҲȥһݡ˵⣬һҪȻ˻ŰδǶҵӣ
ܸӣøһ𣿡
ײ׵Ǻ⣬Լ˸׳׵⣬ое⡣
̲סЦˣָָԼָָǰ
翴˿ǣȻҵ˴𰸡
ɫǲģҪȻͬѺʹӦõð׵ǧƪһɣʵǡѾȻȴһҸףϸ̶Ҳơ
ţڽܣҿ̶ȻӦñȽϴֱҽȥǸڲİˡȻȥȰѾǿȥԪˣÿԪԺҲҪȥ˺ģٴζѻˡյģһζݣ֮ÿѮһξͿˡ
磺Ҽסˡ
ǰǺܿ׵Ľ飬κƫƫǾ䡪һѮһΣҲԽܡ
ֳһЦ
[ۣôĸӣӦδ򲻱ɵֺǿһҵ۹ȻҲǿһ򱶣]
磺
һ첻λСĵλôȻԱȵ˲ʲôö̫ˡ
Ѿ֪ٴθп̫족ˡ

ѴһȦӵλúִغ濪ٳҩ԰
ҩ԰ռز̫ضԪģֳ˺ܶС飬ÿһСм䶼ʯͷñ˴˵ϢͨԻ඼Ӱ졣
Сҩﶼֲ˱ҩ걦һȥȻҲףߵȼﵽס׵ģͺˣܹҲֻ֮ѡ
ˣҲ㹻𾪡
Ͼⲻ㱩¶ҩ±ҩĺãҲû̫ϧӡ
һַϣһǳƬıҩɷ˵֣ʲôʱҪˣԼժ
Ĭ
Ϊڷ񣬷Щ֪롣
Ťͷﲻף
[ѵЩҩʶܾⷽͨҪûȥ᲻裿]
絹ûʲô裬ֻǾýƾһδݾ͵õôöеܳˡһ뵽ڶҫңеҪԼ֮֮Ļѻ᲻ʶô۽խѵĺ
˵ʵڵģ糤ôҲǱѽޡֻأҲ̫ӰѶĹ۸С
ѲûʶǵС˼ֳһĽ׵л˵ҲöˣһвٶҪ㣬ҲҪ׼ȳһӡ
类죬һҧǿŹӵʱҲǲ̫ѵ뷨
ĽÿһŶֵʮԪңҪǻɻƽ𣬾ʮ
ҩЧȹȻֻӵ
һ̣ٿƬıҩʱͻȻͲôˡ


8 ָ~
Ѵ翴ҩ԰ȥ
źܶ౻Ԫ󱣻ıͶУƷǴһ׵ҲӦоСе٣ǸһֱŵͬʹСȴûǳֱļصûء
ҫԼղغ󣬾ʣѵ𣿡
ʵش𣺡־ʱѰһλĽ׽˴ģĿǰãպͻƣҪѰ׽ǿһܺ֡
ˬ˵ȻǿģͲԼˡͷҴȥ⹫ʱ²һѱһ鵶ߣʱڵѵ͸ˡ㾳ͻƣõıͶȥƷҲ֮ͻơ
һ٣һԼ֪Ľˣʵ˵²ǰ˽°ʦ
ѵͷ²ҺܺãƽƵıܶ࣬ҲҼʮϷЩЩЩȫ²Ϊ߰˽ױǰϤʱġ
Ȼӿ죬֪ѵݣҲһܲףȴû뵽ԼĿǰ׽˶֪أȴѾô԰˽񽳵ıֻΪģҲѰ׽˾Ĵĸ
룬ǬóӣһͨҳһȭͷʯͷһҺɫƤȴԼԼ͸¶һּķС
ҵͰֱ硣
ʱ֪ʲôֵ̧סûн¡
ͷôˣ
ܸӣҲ˵ʲôöԷˣ˵ûзﰲȫҲмģæͬһ𱣹ܰɡ
˵䣬óױģÿһֶŻȡģѵĲƲȻʲôȷΪһδ챦׼ҲĿǰĶ
գգۣҸ㱣ܣ
ףңҵȻҲ㡣ۼֵʲôȴҵеҪһҵ
ǵģ粻ǰġչ̫ˡ̾ͷΡȵ˼һ̣ôڵĺը£ɢˡ

еסױģѵþеء
ȻˣĲóʮױҲڻ£ǽûȴǲ֪˼̻ȻСûͶʲôߣܸ㵽ױĵöѵġ绹ģƷĺҪЩĵĵȷȷǿġ
ЩĽܣ͸Ұ㱣ܡûʲô
Ѿ׵ܶöˣֵܼҲȷʵܸߣЩ˵ֵ⣬ӴĲƸȸʲô㻨˷ѣҲ㲻ʲôʧϾѾֺƵ˵Ҳֵˡ
иģǳΡ

һʱ˵
[ôҵҾǿͷ˵²˰ҪǲҲû취ɣҲҰѶұܣ]
[ܻ̫Ǯˣòģ]
[ĶûǮͿٲйϵ˵ҵȷţҪǰⶫסˣȫˣ]
ѱŤŤ˵аɣ㱣ܡȼ²ˣпյʱֱӰѶ
绹ǸӣֻһĨºͷ˵á
ֻ֪˳ָǱҲûô׵صõöѣѡεʵҲѵɵǮ࣬ѵĴ⡣
ദʱ仹̣ܶ翴ѵıһѵܸദڣʻΪĺʵϻģûʲô
ˣҲһԼĳ⡣
죬֡
粻⣬˳ѵߣĿԼϡ˶ٺеɵ֡
ȻѰָϵĻɫǬˡ
磺
ѰԪ̽ɫǬӣС
粻ΪѵĴʵֻ˵׵Ǭ䣬ȷ󡣲ѾãͲ
ԥһ£öɫǬȻԼɫǬ䣬֪ôİ׹һǸɫǬһΪ
ڼ䣬ҪѻɫǬ´ϣȴѳֹ
ȵȣȱ
Ķͣ£Щؿѡ
Ѱ·ֳɫǬݸ磬ɤ˵ѪٰӵȽָĶתȥ
ɫǬƷܸߣ缴ʹֱܷٽףȷϡرܵѪȼñԤϵĸߣټϻֳܷһֻǴ˵кѵõĶԽˣ߽ס˽׵ġ
ص㲢ǬƷǡѰѶԽ
û˵жһС
ĬĬ˳ѵҪһָѪɫǬϣٰѻɫǬĶתɫǬ
Щ̯֣ڵ˵㡢ѻɫǸҡ
ˡ
Ѽôϣǵ㲻Ѹûˣ˵Ҳͷǳ˳
Ǭ̫ˣȥᶪҵӣҲҰ㱣ܰɡļҶ浽档ľͰѵߡױȡŽɫǬְսԼɫǬ䣬ԺʹԽ䣬Ŀռˣ㡣Ҫ㻹ʲôҪҸ㱣ܵģʱءһͿԴ͹ҲһƽʱԼû¿ԷԽ䣬ʲôֱתȥ
翴ϵĵΣٴԵûȥ͵
ҶסˡϿҵ˵л㣬ѡ
תָұߣٴβ

ȥ
[ͦ˼ġ]

ѵɫǬ䣬游񽳴İ˽ǬԽ䣬游˼ҲģմﵽǿɵƷʡ˽׶⼫ƷΡܿϧ񽳵ʵоޣûܽһٽŽס
Ҫ֪Ž׵ǬܶԽ˷Զ˫ǬĶתת˴˶ܰԼĶԷĶԽ䣬Ҳ԰ѶԷĶתԼĶԽ˽׵ĹܾҪѷɫһЩֻԼĶԷȴǲܲٿضԷĶԽġ
ΣĶԽ˫ǿ԰иԷܶϵġ˺ܼѵֻҪ˷ԷĶԽﴫţͿʱõԶԷ֧ԮǾѵıˡ
иôǣһԽһԽĶȫתһֻԽ˷ĶԽͻᱨϣõ˵òκջ
ҲΪֶԽֻڸѪ׻겻İ֮䡣
Ƶ۰ѣԽҲƸġǸʹᣬͬΪ϶İº߳ɻá
ΪֺƲôУȫζԷȻûҪѶԽʱԭҲûģɸոͻȻжһ嶯͸ˡ
º󡭡º侲ˣҲ̸Ϻڡ
룬͸ˣѵôԽ
ò˵ѶԽȥ󣬶¡ŹʵС

ִȥ˲ع¥¼һ׵Ľ׵ĹЩոԵĸȥġõĹĽߵģеıѷԼطסеǬЯ
ҲвٵƷһ뿴ȥ˵ҲԣǬӡ׼۾ˡ
翴ָϵĶԽ䡣
ֻãеġ


9 ϵͳƬ
ʲô԰ӪֲںܶطĴƬԪλõͼȫͼԴͼҵͼԴصͼ֮ѰԼļҵһ顣
ļܺãҲͶ
ʱÿһĶпƶǿöˣҲľˡ
Լ˵ǰ˶Ƶ⣬˶
һʮҲûҪ̫ˡ

ϣˣ絽סҲˣ޾֮һݡǶǽڵܾۼԪ̣ǶŲƷԪʯΪھۼ˴Ԫ
̤ʱ㱻ͻŪһ
ΪԪ̫ŨˣСؾԪҪŨŨ϶°빦
ͨദѾˣʹļ磬£ȳ˵㣬˵һǸֱӸ䷿ĳңԺŶܸܵԪĳˢɣ
ȷʵúܲͬѻˣ֪ʱʲôֱ׵ر˳ĵ뷨ͼǹңҺϲ
ѹȻܸˣ˵ûи߽׵ĵףʱͷǸٹʱ䣬⹫ּˣҾʹȥ⹫Ǹʱ⹫ûиģҪһ
һůԺһѱڵһλ
ˣ˵˵Ǿ˵ˡ
֣شӦŵؼ
Ц绨
Ȼ
[尡ҵúúɵֺʲôʱغǸģȻûʲôãɺôҲǶĻԵòҲаΪʲôҪɵֺƣ˵ˣɵֺС϶Ҫ鷳ҵȻС]
簵ͬ
һ϶һЩеõһЩϢ֪ͨδǸֺԺ󲻽ڻ飬к֪ܶƵ۶ȥѷŭֺƳ˶֡
ˣҲͬȥֺƵĻԵ
ԼǱֺƼ˵ġӦþֺƵİʯɡͰʯڳδ򣬻ֺƵעվһϣҲעҪվֺƵĶ档
ȻȻǾܵˣǿԼ
ʱʲô뷨Ӧ÷һš
ϾѾʱˡ
йУ֣ǲôסһġ
˶һۡ
˵ټ
ѣټ
˾ʹ˷ֱ

ûԴ췢̫࣬ԼᶨҲ޷ȫעϴһȽ˳
һһŴ󴲣õ൱ݳޣ浥ߵı֣ǰ
ѵ޷衣
Լϰԡϴ󣬾ֱɵ˴ϡ
Ŀǰм벻ףҲһЩǡ
ͷһͻȻһ£ܹŹ֡
ռʱûʲôѶּҸҫʱûʲôֱѽһͺȻǾڡһֱˡ⣬˵Ǵûġ
⡭ʲôԭ
ڶ£Ƿøѡ
֮ǰû˵ģһĽӴѶȷûлģҴźšȻϽԼǧõıģǾΡϸ룬Էѣ̹ʲôѶ˴ʲûȴҲŲ⡣ԼһײûֵöԷͼıģҪ̫ãԵòϣҲöԷ
Ҫǡ绳µķͼͨ̽ѵԸƵۡ
ϾԼǸСҲڶƵֵۣԡǶƵ۷ǳ谮ĺ󱲣˵ͻʲôϢѵ˵ܽ˰ƶƵأġ⵼¡
ԤһЩδ£µΣԡ
簵⣬Ļ棬ôһġ⡱жˣҪǶôѵĴʮΣգرǹδϢһй¶롣
ֻǡ
ѵӣӦûһֱӰѡδ߶Ƶۡ¸ѣֻͬҲ߶Ƶۡ
ȻѣĻԵȴǡұ֤Ƶڴʲô
˼һۡ
ҪŪȥֻ»ҪƵ۳ֲС㶫ƵҲŪףʵҲŪʲô

ĵľУӺȻ΢΢ʹҲѸ˳ߡ
˯һ鼫Сġ֪ʲôɵƬΪĩЩĩЯĵΣĻա
ĩеϢȡ
֪䣬
Ȼѣϳһ亹
ͬʱʲôεġѹĶŲƵģȻһ˵ɸС
ĬĬǣ¶һЦ
·Ƽգһˡ
˼ԭСʱһԭ򡪡ϲ鲻ԭľ֢Ϊ֮磬Ҫɹԡ
ڡӿ̫ңдһϵͳƬҲˡ
ԣҲ֪˺ܶࡣ

˵ı
Ҳǳĳǵҵϵĸɵİ£׵ĿΪ
ҵãҲΪʺõһ˫ûĸ顣Ϊĸĸ׼޸ףΪƽƽŸղʣ׵ĺԺͶ˼ʲҾͨңΪҲʳڵһ
ΪڶĴҪһĳӵܱز٣γĻϵҲϹˡ仰˵ĸǱߵһͻỻ縸׸ĸףĸҲˣӵܡ
ĸĸʽûʲôǶǹԺǿˣƽ統ȻҲأĸףĲ͸ֻǿӵķϣᶽͶ벻Դ߹ʵҪǻУ˾ԺΪһʵԴҲ˵̳ܰǿߡ
һټңȻôӣûã縸׵½ӣÿһʶǿ磬رӣһڵģĵӶȥ
ȥ縸Ϊ˸һ㹻õݣֻĸ׵áȥˡ
ĸǸܡϽˣ䣬뷽跨һӡصĺʺܳڣǸ֮£ֻҪṩԴͿԸǸ档ȻȻģ͹˲ˣǰṩԴҲϣתṩСӡοʱŸո˹ֲһθն𣬺ÿͷѣѾಡһˡͬϽԭ֮һ
ΪĸףеʱҲˣѾӺͲòչ硣ۼҽҲȲ磬ҽ϶һֻùصҩţҪעĸ׶̬ȣʹ
Ǹչ磬ֹ࣬ĸһСϣʵĳӳڸ縸ĸ˰͵ĴԺǻԼ
ʱĵܵ꣬ȴ˹ɱˣҪҲ⡭ȻʲʵĿһ۾ϳǸɱÿ칧ڵܵߵ
ֻ˵Ļ


10 ԭǶ
类ԻȻ󣬺ܳһʱ䶼⣬ΪʲôѾˣǸǧٳ衢ʳڵĵܻܵҪּΪȵģ޷Եܵʲôв
ҹŪˡ
Ͼǡ
иСϵͳĶһȡǣС־ȴϵͳϵļᶨǸ꾹ȻʧˣϵͳҲΪɶĻ
ӴͻͷۣʵΪĻڲϵĥϵͳƬ˴֮£Ų˾ҵʹϵͳƬĲʧɢĻǸҲɢʧ
ȻǶʱĸŬȡ϶̥żҲ鿴Ĳڲĸǿҵġһȡ硱Ըϵͳһץס˻ᣬòдͶĸ׵ĶŴʹٴУǸҲĵܵܡ
ĸױӦֻһӣԼҪˡȡϵͳܽ룬ҲԵʣ֮Ĺϵնˡټĸ׳˺Ǹӣͬľ͵ͬҲͬСȡ硣
һ̶ϣĸȨԼĺ˭ģϵͳҲӣȻڣȴǶԸĸûʲôϵݱᣬҲǶ֮⡣
ĵܵӵм䣬Ϊȷȡ磬类Ժɳɱ֣Ҫͬһ
ֻһʧ
ԭ㱨ܵܵģϾܵǸĸϣȻȴҲǷһĶ顣ԻҲػһĲ͵ǳն˫ϸˡû뵽ܵܡǵܵܣֻǸռȵ֮ˣڡܵܡͶ̥һ̣ʹӱϸĸ𽥶Ͼϵ
󡰵ܵܡɱ֣͸ĳˡ

Ϊʲôѵ
ܹ󣬵ȷʵûܴĸûСΪϵͳĹУĳܱĻˡ
ϵͳȫСϵͳͨ˺ܸߵնԷˡԷʽЯ꣩ȷԶͨѺøֵԷӶԳɹļʡͬʱΪ˹ŬԶȷϵʱܾͲٻѺøֵˡ
⣬ϵͳ̳ҲкܶöúøֵһԳɹʵģڸṩܶϢ˽⹥Զ󡢰鿴ԶڵٳżΪ˷ѹʱ䡢ṩıԶ󡭡һԶĺøֵﵽ˰ٷְ٣뿪ʱԶ˾ͻ᳹׹ϵͳҲ硣
ԵԽ࣬ϵͳܴԽˣЩ˶ԭģߵöˣҲܵһӰ졣
ϵͳѺ󣬡ܵܡǱֻǿܹʾɹԶ󲢸ʾøжȵ壬ûκṩİҪ뿪
磬ôﵽһֵ׼С
ĻϵͳƬ󣬱յľǡԶܣѣĹԶ
ΪʲôѻΪԶ󡱡Ϊڼ󣬲ˡ绻˳۵ļһﶩ顱뷨
ϵͳڹԶ趨ǳֱףȫֵٶΪ¼𣬴ӵ͵߷ֱͭ𼶡ϼͺڼ
ϼʱ¹Զһ䡰ɻ鰡ϵͳᲶ׽ϢܵػһЩϼǣһԵߡ
ѵֵǸϼҪŴһʼͲνĺøֵ
һУǻԵɺϡ
ϼ󣬡ܵܡȫҵõǰٷְٵĺøֵܳɹ硣⼶͵ĹԶǲ֪Ҫٸ
ҹ˼̫ϵͳдһƬĥ𣬳ûˡ
Ժûʲôʲôǣˣյǵ㹦ܣֻάΨһġԶ֮䡣
ϵͳдϢ٣󲿷ֻģġԣȴѾ㹻ԭĵǸʧ롣
Լ⣬ֻЩϵͳ֮˲ſа취ȥѵκ˵Щ֮˵Ŀ뱾˵Ŀһ£Ѹ˵ΣԷ籾˴
οϵͳ˼ͬһϵͳǳ٣ˣϵͳʾͲ

飡飡
ͻӵ˼оѡ
Ϥ
[ôû𴲣ⶼʱˣ]
羪˾ʧЦ
ʱȷʵͦٵˣΪҪλСӹ𴲡
緭´ſڡ
ʱŷ֣ϵͳµЩдϢȻ𺳣ȴҲֻ֪ϵ𺳣ûʲôӰ졣ڱȡ£ȻһҲû˸С
ʹϵͳԭݱеġ顱ҲûʲôоҰһУ

šüͷվſڣֻû¡
и˳ӵģҪôֱôˣ˯δ򡭡˼ԼŰɡ
Ҳͼʱ䣬ű򿪡
θߴ¶ݣȴûб˳ѵŭƽؿ
´磬ôһãıʱе㲻ˣƵôȥҪҵø伸ѲС
粻磬Ҳûöӣֻ˵ġ
Ѿϲһ˵ĲͷѸɢһ־Ըޣȥⷿһܴ·
һŮӦţǣӡ
ֲһ䣺ѡīɫģͦĵġ
Ůңңȥƣǣӡ
̧ۣע⵽ĲԶһ߸Ůźţи͸ѵѾȻˡ
ַԸȥŰϡ
һŴŮʳԺеѩʯǰ򿪺иǣһĲɫϡͬʱһλȹӵŮһʳУóȴǲȣġʢͲԼֻƴѡ
⼸ŮڵӵİڵӣëëͭĶͭ裬æת
ʾ֣ϴȻһ߳Էһ˵
ͷļ˵һֱڣΪԼ̫ܳ裬ҲûġǣҲ޴롣
ˡ
ҲûпϴϺѵĶ档
һ߸Լв˳Էһġ
Ѻߺߵˣʱ䲻࣬Ͻ·ٸҳȥһˡǱиҪʼˣС
һ㶣ʲôôżҪȥ
ѿɻƲͻȻȥˡ
˸²⣬ǡغֺơ;֮һ
ʵҲȷˡ
[˯˲ɵֺϼ˸©Ȼʲô̫õĶҲߡƯ·ǲ]
ϻظȻ룬ǿ϶ֵһȥ
ѶʱЦתˣܻ˵
Ȼθ֮ԡ
Ѹˡ
ԱߣŮӣƾĬһ
ۣµɾĺܻ˵
Ҿòǻ˵ǻ˵ʵ
Ҳôãɾһȥĵطôֵð
ԶԶԣֵû۹⣬ұѹӣҪ
˵Ǹʲôҿɾ
˵ϼͷ۹ⶼУǹ۹һ
ʵҲÿе̫Ӳ
Ҳûϵǹͦġ


11 
ǺޱȵǼԦƮƮİ˸òŮ׵׻һ·ƺƵ
ֻһαﲻѹһ˶ѡ
ûãһ˳ǱС
һҪʽʼ˵μӵӦѾ絽ˣӭ͹Ҳû뵽ѹôǿˣôҺΪ⣬жһᡪóκһжǡ
йӭЦŹάѹӴݹ٣
û˵վǰŮȴڣÿЩǹҪ±ˡ
йæߵһԣȺŸ˴·
ٴһ߳ѱ
һλīɫ۵
صϲźƤ볤ͷɢڼϣǱһӲû˿һߵĳ
³û뿪̽Ӳ롢ǽڷơ
һֻӨ׵ġû˿覴ԵЩѸٴȥֵ֮һλڹâ貵Ľӣ±
վһ˵Ϊ̸߰Ǽ粢磬첲Ÿ첲ҲԵú׽ˡ

иҲǺܶģȻżɼܲסó󰡣Щ˵ո֣Ҳбģģ˽һµģʶһ·ó˵ġϤҪòĵȵȡ
ἴʱ򣬻ۼڸߵ٣·פҲࡣ
ʱѺһ˴˼仹ûʲô룬һЩʶѵĳͿʼ˽ô£ѹӲǸּҵֺƹлԼī۵ǺˣӡǰѹֺƹҲ׽
ϾŹһҹѣϢûȫټķóУЩԶЩĳ񻹲֪˻¡
Ϣͨͻشˣλ֪˰ɣѹΪֺƹ黨ǲݣȻ˻ˣ硣
кߺЦ˵λѹԴúܣʱ·һӶ»Լ˵ǶԼụ́ܿԶȵֺƹӵĽܣֺƹӴض档иƼ˸ң˵ֺƹӺּʱ޵ݣεúܡ
иɴǿһĻģǡҲ̲ס˵ǽģƼʱֻôҰޱ߷λӻһ۷˵ԾӲ˾ȻҲǳѹӺЩˡ
ʱЩ˶Ǳˣ׷׿ڣ
ȷһ䣿
Ҫ˵Ӧûǲģ࿴ֺܡ
࿴ۣǰ䡭İɣҲѹӵ۹⣿
ѹǲ˸𣿡
Ҳδģʱžͦ
ġ
ͻȻ䣬һ˲Ϊǿ쿴кϷˣֺƹӣҲμˣ
˷׷׾
ļٵģֺƹҲˣⲻǸպøѹײϣкϷˣ
룬ǿ쿴ֺƹӻŸأմǲݵǸѾߣ
ˣǿǲϵĺӡӣֺƹа˻Ͱ˸ϴˣҲѹѹӷҪ˻鲻ɡ
С椣һģ϶ˣ¿Լҹӹû¶ûˣô͡ٺٺ١Ĳ˵ζ϶һ㣬ȻôֺƹһҲȲˣ
ˣѹֺܴƹӵСҲҶŮ˿ǻСûڣ

³ǰû뵽ֵģϾҲô˰˼ƫƫôϸ΢ˣǺܸӡһ֣ʹ
պãȾվ
ֺǵǣŸҪߣֺƾʹһ֪СѾ¹ˡֺǻֺǵǣѷǸ¸ֺƹϴˣ
û뵽λΪһȥġδֺƺ֪֮һ£ȻôͱȾˡ
ôһǸ廹ΪⷢǼʶϲ𣬻᲻ֺʥŮļһأͬǺԺһԱعƻǱ͡Ǳ󱬷ٹһ𡱣Ǵͬġ
ǣҲĵֻ
[ɵֺԼѻԵˣ϶챻Ӹ̼ȥͰСˣҪڻõİϷأҿСӵʥ廹ôɣôɵֺһһ󾳽磡Цˣ]
ҲѷҪһ˭ֺҳͻݵġͷأȲɼҲﻢ£ΪıԴ͵ǰĽֺϸ檣˵ԺﲻҪӰüгֺ鷳ѿֱвǲԸΪ檣Ը¼ôӦõġ
ҪǣֺƶԸѺͶƵ۵ʱҲ°ࡣڿѡ򰮳ɺޡ֡Դͷ˵ɲʲôԽùԽ˵ĳˡ

Ѻ磬ֺƺ£˫ңңԣ֮ľ벻ʮԶ
Թ߿˫˵ĸоʹвͬˡ
Ǳǳδ֮׽ȻǺгҲǺ꣬ͺճҲʡ
һߵֺȴź֪һ·΢΢ڿվһѺδʱֺƵɫէէףԴһɻƫƫҲܷйϾֻͬᣬżȻˡЩǱ
Ȼ˿ֺǿаѻѹȥ
ֻȴ΢΢̧̧
ͣһָӵ̬״кֹӣҲ᣿
ֺƵɫѿˣ仰˼ǡּҶô˻ǮμᡱɲǼ䣬̲ס뱬ˡ
һֻСס°ڣֹ
ֺƶȻӦںˣΧ˲һҪǷ𣬾ͱˡ
ôں
ǵģѾں
ֺ˵ţһơ
ѵĿֺƺµһȦζ˵ǻɡ֣ߣֻһ䣬һֹԱ㡣
ֺƱûţҲֻйµд£ޱ᳡ȥ
ǲóȻ˵ģһдһˣôǰλߣһλӭֺƺ£̬Ҳֿ
ֺﲻˬǰǸѡдǣƱǿ˭ּûأҲֻˡ


12 ɾ
᳡ܴ󣬷Ϊ¥ڶȵһҪ߽ʮɣȫǰᡣͰ֮Ҳɣ˴˻ţ棬ʹǶǶĿҲԱ߰Ķ
·ĵһ̨ʽġüȦʯʴԲĻΣ̨ռ̨Ҳ㹻Ϊܹŵס͵ƷרŵĿռչʾһЩͷıȡ
νµĶᣬһλ̨ҰǳãǿռǳڲݣɼʮˣǳǳģôŶ൱ʣ̷ȵ˶࣬һԸ浽ôʹǰҪʲô
ϰĴźֱӾͿڷǳϣŲڵŵĺʵ̺ϣоúܡ
Ų˶٣δ򣬵Ҳ˼һɣ
ŮǸǳϸӣһӾͿδѿڷԸǰȱ˸пƤӣԱһš
˳ָָƤӣ̧°ͣϾͿʼˡ
Ƥϡ˶Ȼݣԭǵֺһѹ
Ц÷
Σֱ۵齵棬λС̫ЦҪ
ԱߵòŮɾĺ
ΧƵҲӣԶãѹδ򣬾ȻǺϸġתһ룬ҪѹӵۣǱܱ⻹Ҫϸģ
һ̣Ǹпࣺ
ĽĽ
ֺƹû۹Ҳû

˵ʽʼˡ
ᣬҪôҾܷḻ־ߵʦԳеӲʵҪôóյˣɵѪͷƷռ۸ҪôǾߵˣ˵Ӳʵ㵽Ҳߡ
еڶԱȽЩʲ̫Уʲôϵһ֪ôˡһͶһɣ˭Ͻ׬Ǯ𣿶Ҿ㾺ʦʧҲûϵȥƹ񰡣˵˭ϲأû̫Σ񣬹ȶġ
˵ʵСóǲǷ֮һкܶ಻ͬȼʦֶȱǸĹʦġ
θһλܻ
촽һĳȹСϣЦ绨̧ۣһӭλμӴ˴ᣬ켧񻰲ԣһƷΪеԺ˲̶һöްġȭͷĺ飡ǽڷУƽߵĽܾ£Ԫ
켧ﻹܻգʱÿ䶼̧Ʒļֵ׼Ժ󣬵һȺ壬׷׾ۡ
ⶫҲȷǧ
ܵЧҲеģ⻹һôǾĥɷۺʱãա
ֻ۸񲻷ƣĥɷ۴˶ãοֻǺܺõıƷֲǳԼؾഺפȫϡͨĺĥͿҲܱ۸Զûô󣬼Ч΢һ˿ѡ
ȻȻģ켧ûҪ䱣ĹܣǸص㣬䳡
ɨźһۣȤƲƷһ㡣
ЦͬûʲôȤ
ҵȷ׷ǸѶµĻҪҲɡǣҲ˵ʱݵҩЧԶ⺣ˣֻ˵ÿõǧĺ飬ǰſǧĿǿ̫ˣǿǳһСķĩݹһµء
ΧдɫɫĿˣˬ󷽵ĸǳͬѺ˸Ůһ䱦޶ԵġٷóûС
Ҫ֪źܷŵһƷȻǶõĶΪľǳա
ʶģȻƳ硪Ǿ䡰ȫöԪҡѾڲȦﴫˣڻʲôӦ
ûʲôӦ
һԼļʶ㲩ûбȻϵΪʵץǮʱ͸ɹڹǧϵġ
Ƕʱ߿һۡ
룬ֻƾⶨѹӾûˡɡ

ĺ켧ͳǮǧ꺣鲻Դʺϵ־ߣ׼Ҳһ𣬽˰ǧ
չȻˣ켧֣ϽƳһ
Ծ׵ģͱȽ棬һ֧ǳǿķһκ켧ǴνܵμĹǴؼҡΪױ̨ȱһòӻȥֺˣƸҲǺܺõѽ
һĳȻȺļ۸˲٣ȴ˵ġ
һȤȱȱڰ˸ͷϲŵĸַηÿһױļƷĽ׵ıҲкüء
ǵļԽԽңȴûκһֵѳĵġΪõĶѶиõġ
ԱţĬԡ
ѰѸѳһˬ˵һԹӣ
ͷ˿
ðʢŲͬƷֵġɫԪ׵Ľ׶С
еЦλСƺرϲɫʶĶװҲðҲգԸӶƼѽָڹϡеΪÿʱ־ȻѹסͷףҲͦ˼ġ
ѼûһĽ׵˵ʲôҳͿţҶⲻˣ
˵ûвˣֻǾùӵɫÿ
ѻȻļ磬޵۹⣬Ҳúÿ
ɴ
һɫҲݸѣֻԣûֱԷ
ѣͷһͣһھͰѹӳˡ
ӵƷǡǡڶģԪҲͬġʺֻпʵѡ
̲סһ䣺۹⡣
罣ü΢΢չٰ
Ѻ˵ųҪ
Ӧá
ദôǢ˵ΧˣǴǰ˸ҲЩȡӺɾǲϤ̫ˣѵһ׹ػ˻⣡
Ѻȴûô࣬רӳԡ
Ҳʱ¥º켧ȡһƷ
ө£ȻƷֻڶףǴѣʹʮ
˾ͷ
[ɵֺҪ©]
ʱעˡ
ҲԷΪۼ߽غ̫ˣַʲô⡭


13 غ
켧ȻһЦȰ壺λ뿴¼ΪĸŮӴϣɫȻЩܣܸŮַ֮׼۲ʮ𡣡˵̾˿ת·ǳϧһεҪԼĻȥأ
£̨˲䶼߾۽өϡ
мͬСѾȻ߳˫ѵĳһǣȫλչʾ͡
켧ĻԱƮ𼸿ӣӳѣ͸Եʣһ־ҹөС
ò˵ȷǺÿˡ
ʮ𣡡
ʮ𣡡
ʮ𣡡
ʮ

ʮ𣡡
ʮ塭
ǷΧȷʵȾλ۵Ҳ˷
ֱ˰ʮǲŲôУÿһμӼ۵Ŀرࡣ
ûٵȵȡ
ʱֺƵһٽ𣡡
ѡžһӣҡҡ
Ȼĵؿˣٽ𡣡
ڶƷǶһ㶣ֱӸһֻǶױѣ˵ʮ𣬹һЩһٽҲˣļҵİܼӶһӱôߣ
ȻǷֱ۵ԶᡭǲˣöģһٽĿ»治ʲô
Ǳ㶼ټӼۣΨֺҲ֪ǾöӻرҪٴμӼ۵𣡡
ſҧסݹĹӣ˵ٽ𡣡
ɣ˫ө¶ڱصá
˾ãǲǡˣ
ΪһƷǺ£ܶʱֻ֮᱾Ҳϲĳԭʮĸ߼
£֮ԭģ岻Ը˿˳ǮǺٵġ
ôһ
иͻȻͺм۵ĺּҵֺƹӡ
ͬһʱ̣һҲڵͺġѹӣ
յʱŹ
ֺө»ܸ˭϶Ǹĺ֪
ΪֺǰδΪʲôƷϾۣѵ˵һεķйñӵŭ
ֻǸֺƹȥ
ԸµΣֻԼûֹҲкܶߣȥ۲ֺƴ˿̵ıˡҪİᣬ۲Ҳ۲첻

ֺƵɫֱ࣬һʹŷӦԼµץ̫ŭ˲ЩµҲǸ⡣
ҡҡͷðЦֺơ
ֺɿ֣ķ˵ǸԼô檣ȴҥ֮סּ
ǰҺ͸ףҪңǰͷϴϴֵƷ֮ϣƫƫҪڴʱּ̧ۣڰ䣬Ҫʡ
⻰ֺƿ˵ʵʵ⣬ľãѰѰ˸绨澴ǺкüȵġҲ챻Ƽû뵽ҪȻͷŻˣҲôӡ˻ҲˣҪȥҪСΪ᲻Ƶġ
õµİֺ˺ܴܶ࣬ҲõһЩֲμᣬҲö֪Լܸж顣ſһºƥѣͱѹӣ̫
Ǻƽ⣬ʱæֺƵ֣˵Ƹ粻ҪѹԺһԴġǾͲˣôͱˣ˼Ҳֻ˵Ĳǡ˵ۼֺƵıԽԽ滺ؿֺƵؿڣૣµƸõģԺΪߣѹٶĲƸҲ˴裬ͬ޸ƼԶԶȲϺƸб¡
ֺƹȻס˸ж̲ס§¡ʱϲԣ¾Ҫȥˡ
ܵǣ
˻΢ֹŹֵĸоʲô
СеһѾ

ֺƲٱۣҲûԩͷۣө¾ԡٽ𡱵ĸ߼۱С
ܿһλǼө£Ҳ˳ȡ߱۵ķá
ϾǶᣬȵҲ
λѹûкü澵ſڽ˶СĺƮƮȻعȥǮˡ
ţ澰өоŹչʾѵǰ
ɨһۡ
ôعۿøЩ
Ƶȷܳѻǵ´Ժúܶ˾ޣֻáɵֺƼˣҲ̲סĶáΪǵǸСû뵽ѾôƯĺŮˡΪƯﾹϲҵġеЩе㡰˸ĳСˡ
Դˣֻһ뷨ޣ
ɨһөºѵĿڰ˸תһȦ
˸ر˽ѣһ֪Ҫ͸֮һģ˭ͱȽˡ
ȿ˵ҿѻú
Ҳٰͬɣǰּ˻ʱ˹͵ġ
ĬŻʲô͡Ŷֺƶʱֺ𣿽źѽȥ顭
ȻҲͬͣ͵ͷ˵Ǿ͸ٰɡַԸǱ˽ƵģٵѪȥ󣬾ͻģ
ϲ̵ؽӹܵ滻ϣصѪȥٳתҫѡʣеúƵģ
ˡ
˾ȵǣֻж׵£˿ʾƷ׾ȻﵽĽף
׵өٽɽһĽױļֵҲʮöԪҡʮ֮ࡣ
̾ǳӢ©ˣúϲãֶһĽױ
Ѵ˺ټۣ˵Ư
ٸˣת˺üȦ˸衣
澲ûĽʺޣϾǮɣǻΪһ©ҡǰΧ̷֪һԼϰۣһߺ޲ȡ١
ǻ׷׿ޣ
õ˸ˣӯƮݣνϼѡ
һǰÿ±ģȥԺǿҪдһ
ָ˴硣
ͷ
ѵ󣺡⼸Ӻó裬Ҫ裬Ժһ𿴡
û˾͹裬ǰ˸־߸ǡȻʢ룬Ҳͷ˵ʤҡ
ü䣬Цݸġ
[ѹ˺٣ҵҪɵֺƴĽ޵ʱҪôӳȥ]
磺
ⷴǳӻͦɰġ


14 ̹ף棩
ĵөԺѾûжƷ֡
ҲΪڶƺ͸ȷǵĲ²⡪λѹӿ׷ŴñӵҲ֪мβܹȥ
뷨ִŵ٩ֺƾֻ޵ķŭʹһֱµİҲҪ踺ءˣʹѾؿϡ
ģлᣬһܵѵ
ֻڡּĴڶ֮Ѷˡ
Ϊ˱ⱻ˳Ц߳ŭֺ˫ȭֱͶǶųҲûǰ뿪᳡
ҲûУֱźϾطԸʰҡӴ磬һ⡣
ҲԵɣѸյſڡ׼ϳǰǡٴεֺƺ¡
ֺƱŭûˣѻҪҪ
ôѶ
һλûС
Ȼˣ
ǣѴֱϳӸµظֺ˸ӡ
ֺŭɶȵѣ㲻Ҫ̫
һӸµظֺƣƵ˵۸˭ˣ
ֺһҭܲ˵۸ˡɣ׻嶯ʵȱһǹԣ
عǣƴ˴ߣرÿ˵ĵȴģôܸѾѣҲܸҼҵѾģĵطȻ˭Ǯ˭ܵõƷֹӻôԼ˾ͷҪòɣҪǲø㣬ͳ۸㣿ǺһĹӸ磬
ֺƣ㡪
Ѱһۣû־ͰҲ˳
ֺƲ䳰ȷҪؿѸδ֣ķŭһǿҵĲʷҪӿѣԼ汻ñӣñӻܶ࣡
߹·˿һĻŶҲ̺ء

صԺֵõЦǰϡ
ɵֺǸɫܶ뷹ֱҪ
ϰԵվ齱ߣżźۼذѰȥ
Ц̫񫣬Ҳûע⵽С
˵ôţȴ˹ʱһЦһ߳ţֻһѡ
ɵ硣
Цˣ°Ϳ磬п㷹԰
綥Ŀ⣬뵹ش˵պáȻԴʣѣûа취Ҹ˵Ļκ
һ⻰еͻȻͦģֽԸ˵ȥԺķԪ򿪣ҷĸҲ򿪣Ǽš
еԥӡܺãɱϾﲻʮʮΡ
Ѱڰ֣
û£ĶҶǣҾվ򣬰ʱ֮һҡиһֻҪҳû󷨣ǲͿԽˣ
Ҳǣ͸ɴشŽ뿪ذ⡣
Ŷ˵ҲǹңʶԺͲˡ
粢⣬Щ㹻ľǺ¡
ѳһֻ˵ദĿռ䣬粻Ϊ˱ģҪϲǵģջǾã˵á
ã϶ٳЩܹġ߰Ķʵͬ以ҴŶ±ν֮ƣ绥͸ףҲú
ɤӣѣҵǸ
ѰתƱûϣʲôԲҵˣҪô֣µصǸ
˵ʲô
ָһ٣ƱعȥˤϷһ졣ͬʱ۵ɵϴ󣬳ɤӽе˵ʲô
簲缦ֻϿҵؿѡ
͵סѸ¡ָ糺ӻӳģ׵ĸףĸ죬һּµС
ըˣ߾ûˣ
Ҳе㲻ڣȻؿ齣ʼתȦȦ
û磬һ̣ѸٵػԼ쵽׶ĵ߶ʲô⡣
ʶǰһҲת̫ˣɱתˤˡ
Ųһ٣ˣǿߣתȦΡ
ȻתȦ󣬺Ȼֹͣ
ͻȻӦԼҲû˵ʲôҪĻֺɵȵģԼֵģһݵġԼƺΪ
صҲĳƺ͸¶ǵδˡ
ƢͦõģӦòԳƺ͸¶ǵδûв
üͷչ
û£Ҳ׼θ⹫ˣ⹫֪ʲô
˵δ򣬳˿еͬ⣬ҪΪƷɵֺǿһ򱶡
Լ
[ô̹ˣͲ˰ɡ]
ԭеŵ磬̲סЦ⡣
һ̹ײ׻ȡԭ¡λСӵ಻ɳӣ޷鴿⣬Ҫԥһ󡢸㼸غ̽ٸ˵£ֻ¾ûô׹ˡ
ʵҲȷˣֲɵ粻̹ϣ⣬Ӧô죬߾еģŭ͡ȥ硱ˡ

ѿЦˣʱŭʵǲʲôˣ
һ㲻ˡ
ѹŭһ٣еŤ⡢𣿡
ʵʵš
ѱǸĴģŤ󣬷棬Ƶʣÿʱÿ̶ʲô𣿻᲻ҵԱߵ˵Ū죿ʱЩ߰ģǲǻúܳ
뵽ܽܣȴû뵽ܽܵô죬⣬ãƵӲϣҲ΢΢һЩ
Ҿ
ڡϣ΢ؿסˡ
üë
缸ӵؿٻش𣺡㲻ʱе㲻ϰߣͺԸˡ
ѵüëػԭλ
[аɣԭ㡣]
ӦѵҲһ֤ԼĻллԭ¡
ѸĻˣͻȻһͷ˷ܵ˵ȻҵԺǲǿֱ˵ÿڣ
ɣǵǡ
һƣ۽üҶЦ˶ˣԺʲôɵµʱ򣬾Ϳ㽲ˣ
ûϵѾȻھôô
ǰҲԺҲûʲôɣ
ͷá
ٿʱ򣬾͸üĿ㡭ǣ͸˳ˡ


15 
˷ܹˣ˵ѣһһҪ㡣ֻǣϣ㲻Ҫߵ𡣡
ջ񣬺ʣܸ⹫һ˵
룬˵񡭡Ҳڡ
Ȥȸ˵˵
磺ҪȴСʱ˵Ҳԭйء
ȴһ㶣룬Ҷԭ򡣡
ΣѾӣɸɴ࣬ͷ
ʱԼĪ꣬иĽСϵͳĶŸ֮˵ĻǣҪҵ塭

ûļ壬ᣬٵһϵͳƬõϢһһʮϸ
Щ£ɺܲ졣
ǸϵͳϢƺһԤ֪ߣξơԭڵǸУүǸʸߵƵ˽һ̥ϻǶǡ
үϵĸˡ
ϻҵȫ˰ٰȻûãϻĸȴΪƽޣƽƽϻõ˶λſİĽ¡˵ЩŹ֣Ʃһʱʧ䣬һʱָ䣬һʱʧǱƭһʱ߻ħ˸ӡ֮ϻڲͬʱڷֱͼλʮֳڵĲſ飬ڻָſȴ޷ᡣǼλſҲ£ͬߣɾͶ֮á
ʱʱںȲ轵ˡ
ʱһڲ˳
࡭ȿȿȣ֮ãŵظʮֳڵĲſ
˵ûһޡһ޶Σñֺƾ檣ɷֺܸӡеĹӸ磬ųɾŵĺԺﶼв檣Ǳɫ⣬໹ѡõҲͼͨǵļλʵҲ̫ߡͱү˵ļԵͣʹʲүҲἱ檣ǻһѸԴעԿŮƴкԺҲŮֲѡӣʵϵͣͼ
ݸ߹ʵǿΪ氮ԸΪ檵⣬Ѿܺˣϻ߸ףǶλʮֳڡٲ֮µﶼΪһϻĺԺǵļȫҪˣ
ֱ˼
Դʺţֻ̽ظһ²⣺ʲô̫ˣǸϻʰɣӸúѣֻǸÿԵõܴЩǱļű
룺⵹û顣
Ҳν׷ףҲЩνŶ氮ΪʲôܷǱˣҲԼȹܲסԼǵ²ǣ
ڸעһ¶
һֳζĿ⿴
硣
类е㷢ë
ѡžشӣסԼ죬˫ĻȴԿЦˣ൱⡣
֣˵ϵͳҪߡҲ˵ԭ⸱ҪΪЩšȥͬߵġ氮
[ôôù]
[ѽԣʲôˣԲסϰϰˡ]
ԴѵĴЦ΢΢Ӳ
ģѾرǷˣҲûԼҪôġ氮֮䣬ֱҪ
ԼЦǽС
ȵȣִʲôλ
粻̫˵
ѿˣڴ
ǣסֻҲ̹ˡ
Ǿ˵ǿд߻Ǳʵǿܺϻƽĵճӣһ׼̳ˣҲΪĽϻĳŰ˶ƻϻİ֮ıСˡһᱻԼĽƻΪˣͷĵ͵ϮͼͬھżʱӦɱ
Цˡ
Ƥ鴤һ£ǶҼ̳ˣһΪĽʲôνŶȥƻǡָ˷˵ĴҲܲøУᰮĽҪĳˣӦҲǾϻһ̤̫ΣգһɼĶܵСѵСۣѾ߳ǶˡǼٵܵúܣɵǾȥ
ѵźÿһ㡣
ҲԣԼﻹ˵ɵֺ޶ʼɳɿأʵѹô¡Ƕ˵Ҳ絣Ǽ壬ǻΪϻλ磡
ܱܿҲûʲôƫƫῴʲôҲ֪ιġǡô£ԵľһǸ𣿾Ͳǡҿ㲻˳۾㡱ǻ
뻹Щޣŭ˵ȻϻһǣҲʲôûɣĵ㣬һȥغ
籾û˵£Դð̡رӣ΢ůʹ˵áʱõʲôҸƸ˵⣬оԼЩ죬Ŀڣ˵֮
ŸˣȻҲܳʲôϡĺö̬
ͺһҲУҿɲлġ
˵ȷÿ
ʲô¶ûأδߵ¶źˡ
ۼȷ⣬ҲſЩӵ˼ʡ
ȻϻǣϵͳΪʲôɴѵû취ᡮǡ
е˵ǵ׼ϻģϧλõʱ˸СԺֱӽҵĻǡҲϻˣŻǳ󡣡
Ѿе
һʡ
֣ҵʱʲôϻϱģӦøһʲô
ûʲôģشҫ
һ£ҡҡͷ̫ˡ
磺
˵ôأصȻԭ̫

һϣһֱڷ졣
Լ֪Щȫ⣬ҲͶұֺΪǵϵصԭ൱꾡署иϸڡҪǱߵ߲Լԣֻ۾̸˵Ϊ羡ˣܽɲࡣ
⻹һЩϢϵͳĹԺøжʲôġϵͳûˣȴܸȤ׷ʣֱ͸¶Ϣ۽硣

һ̸Ѻ֮Ĺϵۿɼظ׽ˣżһӣ˫û˵ȴ඼˱˴˵˼Ĭúܡ
ȻᷢԵɣܷ֮ա˻
ʵ΢ˡ


16 㵽óǸɶ棩
԰
һˮ뵵һλθߴߣòӲɢŴӲͷͨһֵС
Աߵİľϣһصڵ棬Ĵڸкܸߡ
ʹڳҲģ
ӲԶһϸĴڵסһӡ
ǳӵͺأڷһʯ齣ֳ΢΢б£Ử죬Ϸʱγһֻ״ˮԸһЩ
иӨ׵ſϣ͵ؽˮԴЩʵĸ첲޾׵ǡûˮֻڵѬѡ
Ѿ͸෴ˣǱվȵ߾ɵֱ̹һƵġ
رʯԱ߻Ư߰˸ʯӣеķͲ״ġʢ˹֭ıӣеķŲͬɫζСģеķϴĶСɹӣеĻЩСˡɹ֮࡭֮뵽ӦоУһʱûеģҡһҡ˩齱ߵİҲһλ澣Ѷ׼
ʵϣض¿ģҩҲġ
ѸԽԽϤͺϲһ棬ÿֻҪǱȫע֣ͻڸŸأһһ߸ġ
һպҲڰѵҪ͸˵ˡ

ſһѷΪԣ˳һֻõСش˸Ƿȫûڡ
[֣ʣ㵽óʲôģʱûʲô°ɡ]
еΣһ˿ں˵Ի
ǻشҴǧ¥̽Ϣ˵Ҷɽڻһʵı֪ЩѾʱˣû·ҪôǼϢҪôԼˡ
[ʵıﰡ]
Ѽǵ֮ΪǴеص㲻ҶɽʱҲɵֺԺʱڡôıı϶Ͳˡ
Ѻʡ
[ǧ¥˵ʲôĸʱ֣]
ش𣺡ǧ¥ƲǼǶݵظ˲֮ͻ¶ݵܡƲ⣬ǰ͸óˣûȥңû֪Ϣ֪˳ʱԣݵظȷϢʧҲ̫ഫ⡣
ҡҡ塣
ɲǼ䣬ѩӯһڳرߣûнӽ
̬ȹкηԸ
ִ˸Ƿ˵ȥ顭ҶɽûᱦϢ
Ǹµףһ֮ڽ˾ɻԼ»ԼȻѸٺδ罨˻εĹϵһˣ˫ദһֱ죬ûֹʲôŤ
ܶʱѾͻ룺
[ֲñɵֺƺ
һ򱶣Ҳһ򱶣⻻˿ǻֵ̫ˣ]
磺

Ȼϵã£Ҳע֡
ͱڣԶݵظνϾ˲ǮϢһ٣Ҳǧ¥ûˡ
塢ѩӯѸƮ߰¡

һֱסңֻΪװҵˣҲļ塣ʵϲĸ˿֡ʲȣǶƵ۹ģҸṩҲǱѰĵϵӵܶɶѡ⻹ǿڵŮͶƵ۵ϡ
ϢԴ棬ͬԼŵģҵһɰ˸Ů
ѿʵ϶ԼĲƸһƿǺɣֻϲԼϲ͵
˸ΣȴҲ̫ǵĿ
һֲҵһ֣Ѷ̶ĳƿأ⽫Ƿֳİֵ࣬ࡣһܻءϢ㣬̾Ӫ񡭡һͻύܹҪĶΪĸָ֣ɣԼǩ
˸ŮȽȫܣȻ˵ʮȫʮ涼ץһ֣Ҳеĳóһ㣬΢һЩĲҲӣõĳ̶ȡǻԶ˲ٸ֣ҲƵķѵͬʱܺá

һϢֵⷽŮѩӯµЧʺܸߡ
ѲŸճ꼸Сģζ硰ɡȥһСӵʱǶؿʼػ
˵ѾˣǰҶɽΧм־һɽ긽Ⱥʱһɫıӵص״ڳûץ׼ᣬڻභŹ󣬱صףҲҲˡ
ѩӯ˵⼸߱һȡñģȻһ˲˽ģڧ˶һáº󼸸ַ˽ĵλھƹ¡˴⵱ʲôҲµǶݵظߺ޷ҵټûʲô粨
£ڰλˡ
Ǳˮʱ׼
Ѷ΢˵һ
ˮֹͣ
س˵á
ˣ˿ڹӣ߶߶߶
[Ҳ֪ôͲϲյĶãҿϵİ̶ˣڸû˰ɣ]
һʱҭסûˡ
Ѻߺš
[Ҳòˣ]
شܿ죺Ȭˡ
ˣ߶
[ҲʱˡݵظЧʵһ㣬ϴȥ˰ɣ԰ﳤһѩΣҲǿԸʵģպ
Ľ׵ıҩʺ㣬ǶԾĳ徢еڿԳˣҪʱԼȥ]
֪ѵӣԿΪлΪ˵ﻰ֪ˣͳչȥƽ⣬Ҳ֪Ҫôźá
ַ˸ƣ˵ûʲôҲôƽģ˭нأҪ㣬֪Ҫʲôʱ򡣡
ݸã´һֱӸʾ
ִ˸Ƿ׼˯ûٳ
[Ҳòʾ]
ǱߵѵһƬ˯ˣȻɴԪûзκޱ˿ء
һ֣Աϵĳ۾ͱϡ
ҪǾԲص뿪Լ̫Զģһȴûص΢˶ٺݣ˸ڵԡرߡ
Уֻ˰볤̵㣬΢ůҩϣʯ೤ȻѾ˯졣
룬Ǭȡһʯ
ĺܶʱΪȥ˻ðգҵⶫһֱϣġûȥĹƷҲˣԺηǰһЩԭѩء
һ̣ûϧذءʯóҩһֱڵˮ£һݶãỼϷ纮
֮ת뿪
ɴλССʱȥҩ԰ѩΰγ̷ˡһС˯ˣֿ浽


17 ƴ
ʱԾɸоůڵģչӣʱպƳһǡиĶǵݽʱûУӦҲǴǷŵģûԸʱǶر֣ǲӶġ
Ȥѷأ˫ذڶţգ۾ε˳رߣǶüϳһʯƷ໹ͦõģֵڼԪҰɡһŽġ
Ѳǵһ˯ڵ治ȪϵĻˮȻһֱȣ˵ǻʱ̲ڳΧܱ֤ˮ½ܺˡʵϣܺպܵ͵ģϾҲǿǣֻ̫󣬲ԵúܴƵġ
Żʯܺá
ȻԼɵŪõĻʯһ̺ǲͬġӺ࣬»˺ܶྫŪڲܺͶء
룺
[Լѡδ]

ƴ߳Աߵľһѩ׵Ƶػϡ
ţ˭ֵأһ
ԶһӰƮȻѵĻϹЦݣѸеؿڣˣ۲ۣҪţ
Ѱڰʣأ
Цݶʱһ˿⣬ۼҹӲˣɾúܣŸ˯ѾҪˡ
ŮͿҪԣܹעĶⲻһʣͿ̸𰸡
˯֮ɾʯͶ֮ȥҩ԰һѩΣ漴ǰңΪ̷ѩΡڼǽ˸ԡˮɼɾǸʳɹϴͳʡɾʵԪ
һ㶣ɫЩŹ֡
ɾ
⼸ƽʱͬͬˣһɾǿ϶Ǹɾˣӡôõ
ǰɵֺƵʱ˵һֹӡΪԼƽʱôɵȵԵʣҲᣬͽҲȫճѡ
һתɾɾɣѾţദúܺãҲϻôƺ
뵽˴Ͱѳƺ·תԸȥǸӡ
Ӧǣߡ
⼤ۣϿɾȥһҪúø˵һ˵ɾɾǵ̬ҲøϲУ

ľЬһߡ
ԶԶؾܼˮ֮䣬ϤϥԪڣγ˾޴Уϵû롣
ѡۡһ
̾ĲԪ죬ʵϻЩŮʶǿ̫࣬ڵѾƹˣҲǸвࡣ
Ѿ̾ǡ
[ôӽ
Ԫһľ˰ɣ]
Ԫʱ򣬻᱾ܵڴ̼֮ǰͣ£Ϊһͻǿʹ
ѲûƴˣǾʱԪֱԪھгӯʱþʹΪֹȴǸƴֱÿתԪŵܳܵļޣٶһ˿Ԫʹ˿ѣﵽĳ̶ȺڵÿһԪʹޱȡ
ǶĿ飬ԪĲٿҲǳϸѣҪ˷ѸʱڻָϣǺܲġھʹﱣ㹻ʶʹʱԪҪ۵òˣҲʧ
֪ΪԼʲãŲòԼʵٶȱͬʵĿϼ֡˳µؼ֣ɾ硣

ʱˮۣĿһɲǣ̬Ҳͻܶࡣ
ԭӲҲһ˿ºͣ˵ۡ
߹ȥֱڳرߣڿˮֵġʵʱ̲ס쳤첲Ҫȱֱۡ
ôǰ̽²ҪΣɴ໻˸ƣرһΣ
˳õֱۣȻûȴҲ
ۣӲ
ˣûж㿪
þðɣСӸ˾С

õ˲֣ǬͳһŹʣˣôˣ
ʵػش𣺡ķ
һ٣Բɣô㣿
Ҳѵ̬ȣ׵ô㡣

ߵʣ˵˾ǿ֡
һֵһĿ̶ȡ
ԽԽҵԽԪǽӴԽǻްȻԽǲ״ÿԪñ֮谭ͬʱԽǿһͨԪԽ࣬ԪԽ죬ʵȻҲԽ졣
ֵǾĿ̶ȣʮ֣һֵֻ֡ģôҪôֲصøҲҪôǾ׶ѹ޷Ϊˡ
ڣ羭һʸƺ󣬾Ȼֻֻķˮ׼ﲻܲԾ
Ҳ֪ǰʾʲô̶ȣòᶼֻһְɡ

ʵܻԼʣֻʶ˶Ƽˮ꣬ҲóȻ̽
Ǹ⣬統Լˣ¶ͷǳ⡣
ͱڣֱӿڣѩǰأ
Ļش𲻳ѵϡ
绹˵˷飬ѩȻʣ侭ϵôҪֵô󡣡
Ѵ硣
ûа㲻ʹ죬̹Ȼúܡ
ѲԼСĥĥ´
еˣΪ޷絽׾˶ѲģԲľʹи
ʣа˷߷ϵ涼ܲˡҪ̫ۣº͵İ취ͨҲʮ˲ǿҲѾȫֻҪ룬ʱܽ־ġ
Ҫʸһֻеʡ˻˸¡
̬ȺȻ˵ЩѾˣµʵһֻŽеȣЧʻ߳ܶࡣǶѩΣ˶ݵظҲֻ߸һֵʣﵽķ
ʵʵıҩǺټģҳǰ˽ϵıҩÿһʶѣͱһθĽ̫ˡ
ĸ첲ξͲǶ棬Ǳʾ
ӦԺȥŪõıҩǳˬ˵õģٲҲܰι
Ӳĳû飬ʱȴ̲ס˹ǣϣЦһ
Ǿȫˡ
Ѹӽ˶ŵĹʡ
ûʲôɵǵģŵ˳úÿ˫⣬ǲƸӴˡ
δѣëë


18 棩
һԺ⻹ġ
õѿϣһ߳Թӣһ߿δ
ǰԶĳУص۰ϵļ𣬵ʮ
ݺ䣬汻иٵΪ̵ĵۣĵ糯˷磬ڿзȵƣԺɼƻҲûַԹ͵ˣȻַǳԪĿҲǵǷ켫ÿһʮǿȴûһ˿λСϡ
ͻȻ䣬һֻ°ɫĴзһԽС
ǣŹ
֮ͬһԵɤصġȶĽŲ
ѹӣ·֮ǰ̽ˡ

ԭһնȴȻƣҲ˲ѵǰεػ󣬾ؿǰ
ԭһλ糺۵߽ԺòЩᣬҲźЦݣһʵȻﵽ񺣾
ΣգǳΣգ
ﶼǿҵľȫҲ
Ȼȴ̽Դܸ˵֣үүѽôûߣܵƧˡ
һٿȻӦһλѵˡ
мԽʱ´ǰ꣬ɫܺã΢΢ģ˵˵۸ˣȻҪ¹ơֿһǰӲӣЦѯʣλѵɾ𣿡
еΣԷϢͬԨһ㲻ɲ⣬ȴһ¡ɾ⣬ϻǲأ
Ѹɴش米Ц˵ˣô۹ͦðɣ

ԽǶƵ۵ĸ˵ʵߵģȴε֮һôҪĻƣλһֲٰ졣
Ƶÿ˹ͶȻҪŵùˣԽεġ֮ԸôϤ׽ȴΪżȥһʱ򣬴඼ɼԽҲ˵˶Ƶ⣬Խʱ˵ǿġԼԽĵλҲǲһġ
ҪǣǸԽҲʼձѣߵ˶ֺûаϵǣ
ڼԽ˵ÿ˭ϲأرѻǱһ·Сӣ͸ϲˡﶫƵ۸ͶǼ꣬ԼһҲǳģѿʮֳ谮
ҲֺƲŻܷУֺܶƵֶλġ
οԽһֱֺǲġ
СֵɫˣֺȴôͨǷ˪̫˼ֺ꣬СӵĻ䡣˪µǸҲôϣ˵ֹ˳ӣûʲô˼Ǹ˪֮ύҲΪ˪µ۹ʵڲ̫ãϸû˼Ķ
㲻ˡ
磬ԽǸо
ζƵյź󣬾ѸٲϣȷĳֻǸɺϣıкûв࣬ʺѵߡ
⣬Ը߳ô󾳽ļԽ˲յأӦƼ죬Ǳܴ󣬶ǿвҲûȰѱסҲܲ
Խ룬ѹӵ۹⣬ȷȷ˪ǿ̫ˡ

˿̣ԽѺ޷ظӽˣȰͬѹӵ۹Ȼá
Ц绨Ө׵΢΢졣
ԽЦݣιһĿģյź˵ȻǸӢӸҪͰ˵ĳļ֮λȻӢֹܺãôƹҡ
ѵЦݸӲãߺ˵Ҿ֪⹫ã˵ǰմգ۾ģүүּ𣿡
ԽḧϵǬȡһӯϢľᡣ
Ȼ⹫ּˣ˵үүھͰּҸӢȥˣرر𷳣
Խ֪ѶӢеģͻȻôᷳһӢӵĴ
ͺСӱˣүү
һ̣Խڿն𣬸߸ߵڿУ׳˾ᡣ
ɫľʱ̿ԪдżнɫĴ֣͸Ϊȵ
ּǳţѰ˸û취̧ͷȥҲȥϣΪдЩֵʵ̫ǿˣһӣͻᱻеѪֱӱɱ
ͬʱԲڣÿߵĶж˼Խɤ
óӢӡӢֹּ֮μӢƽӹܣִһңҼΪҵӢֹմˡ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷˡ
ô£еǸᡪּˣ
ּλʶ굽ѹ͹񣬿϶ģ
ּûҪֱӸһһλ
ּΥԺҪһĵճΪˣҿ֮ǰλҪһЩġֻǲ֪ΪεͻȻѲѹӷ˴𴦷
ѹӷѵǵ˻鲻׵𣿡
˵ʲôЦ˳谮ѹӣΪλȥ˻Ҫ˵ָǰμѹӣء

ҵ
Ӣֹڲһ似ԭ˶ĳƿУȴȻּ£
ҵϸ֮
ǾҪӢӼ֮λʱɵ¶˳Цݡ

ӢֹǵһĵճӣҲӢ徺̳֮λһλȻӢֹ˵ʵӢѷһ˿һ˲żüãӢֹҲƾԼﵽˣۺʵֱӢʤһ˿Ǻ
ӢӭȢŮӢֹҲδػӢ塣
ӢλӢֹҲûʲô̫ʧģϾӢ嵥˵ʵȷʵ㣬ټãҲ̫κӢӢţǸӢȴֻΪӢ׸͵ϼȻʹˡοӢӼû»λѹեӢֹڵһνǴ˿ۣһ˥䲻١ȻǰǿΪΪǿӢӲ̫֣ӢֹһʼʱܼʱȡԴҪһͻƿͶʵӰܴˡ
ӢֹҲû취˭ӢӵĿɽأƵ۹ǿҲˣԣҲֻ͡
ɾڽ죬ּ´Ӣӵĺӵͷˣ
Ӣֹֻܲ
˭ٵ֮λӢǿ̫ˡ

ֻӢֹҲû뵽ּĺһ䣬ֱӰѼ֮λ
⡢ûɣ
ӢֹЦʧԼԺ
ӺҲ׷׳֣ͳͳŵģ
Ȼɫġּ̿ƺƵƺ˵Ϊ桭
ǵֱը졣
Ӣֹ㻹ּ
Ӣֹ̹˲ˣʲôԭõ֮λ˵º滹Ҫٸӵ£ҲӢǷйӲдҪá
ֱ̧ۣͷ˵Ӣֹּ

ӢֹͬǣӢȫţԼȻᱻ֮λѸٵ϶ǸС˻һ´ŭ˶ƵۣԼ
ŭͷӢһڶҪȥѣ
Ȼû߳Ժţһλ뷢԰׵ٿس֣Ժ


19 ʮ
׷ӲذӢ£ŭϣּ
ӢǺ죬ŭ˼£棬Ҳһнʣĳһλ־ֿܵ
λ涼һչǱޣôͻȻ֣
裬ӢӻǱȵͷ͵˵Ӣӡּ
ʵ̫ˣҲֻܿŭѡ
ǿѹӢӽּɿڳһ䡰뿪
ӢһʱǶǻĺ⡪ǸС˵Ĵ䵽˾أ
̾ȥѵ鷳
ûϵǣǾ䡰˵˵ѣһҲܶ
Ȼ䣬Ӣӵһ˿֣̿һͰˮͷ£Щ
ˣǸС˵ϾǶƵ۵ƵҲôҪ󲮵ĿѾɼˣҪǻóȻȥѣǱһͺãҪ鷳ҪùӵùˣδּļԽǶƵ۵ĸҪڹȥˣԽС˼
ԽԽúأӢӰԼŵùǺ
ͷԽ࣬亹Խࡣ
һ͸
ӢӺȻãԼ̫嶯ˣ۰ģŻֹ
뵽Щʡ
ҪʵͺˣһͲ̫Ƶ۵ɫˡ

߿УԽһж۵ףȼӢֹѸٵķӦҲӢӵĲԹޡ
Цһ
ʱӢӻ֪ôΪǡˣҲǸ޴֮ˣû£Ʋʲô
Խҵĳһ
ҵļλ϶ңңּչ֮
ջصǴҲվһ

Ҫ˵ҵʵǲģλ־⣬һλʣ񺣾Ȼܴﵽ磬ѵȫ˽
ӢӭȢŮҼ˵һǳ˵¡
Դӷ˪޹Ժҽ˶⡢˶ٲҵǶġӢȥҼǻʧһ󣬺ڶƵޱȹذѣΪ˼άּ壬ҼȻְġ
Ӣӣ
Լ֪νΪѾƿ˼壬ߣⲻ֪ΪӣҲŸӣһ޶
ӢӶּ޴²⣬ѹѵ˶ƵۣʮƶӢˣѲٸӢӡȻѲٶӢ࿴ӢԼҲûйףӢֹϼǵ⡣
һ£˵ӢˣʵӢֹӢ嶼ҪʺһЩ
Ϊ˱Ӣȥѣ׷ֹ̳
ҪǼԽҶչ˲ܣͷƵۣҾͰٺһˡ

ԽּּѸ£䣬Ӣֹǰ
Ӣֹ˫ֽӹּҲǼ
һԵӶŮҲ¡ͬóȵĿ⿴ּּڣԺֻҪƵ۲ּӢֹļ֮λͿһֱȥ
ӢֹĳԨЩǵԵ֮һ˿϶ϲɫ˼ҿӢӻſ񣡡
ӢֹҲ˿Ǻܿ춣Ԩ㣬硣ֿŮӢӲΪǣĪҪΪǼͶҲ֮ġ֪
Ԩ綼˵׷ģӢܸȣѣΪѰˡ˵
ȻһЦ˵ЩݣӻǺܿɰģƽˣҲӢӾһˡ
ҳӢ뱻ò֪ߵغļŮ⣬Ҷ֪Ѽˣֲˡָһȡ־ܿġ֣ŶƵ۵ֱϵﱲġ
ñ˼ʣĴڸҴ̫ĺôֲΪŭԹ˵ǵҪɣмɵӷҪأ
ӢֹŮĽ̵ϸʱͺοЦЦ˵£Ժǵݱ仯ֵܹˣʲôҪǵܰæĵطҪϧ
ԨӦ
׷ģ
һѺܺõġ

ԽԺЦݿ䡣
ܺã۽üҶã۰Ͱ͵ʣүүƼӢʲôûǲࣿ
ԽЦش𣺡Ҳûз࣬úˡ
׷ʣغأ
Խûӣºͺ͵ؼ£һλְڵϽּŲܶڻվԺء
ʹˡ
[ﱳңԺô]
ԴԽֺһֱû˵Ѿ֪Խ޺ģҲɻΪԷǿ䱸ֱͻȻѵ΢΢һ˿͡
ȴظԽһͨ죬ǱߴȰ˸ŮҲɿȥ׼ʳдԽ
ԽҲûţΪ˴ּͿɾҲΪ˸һЩ챦رǶƵΪѶ޿̵ظ״ˣһίˣȻίˣôܲöһأ
ͿżԽһ֣һһĴӳѵǰΪӹռҲһ·ӡ
գʮӡ
ڵһǰ˵죬һӣ
[㳤ʶ]
ݸ̧Ѱƿ
һ˲һŨԪ˺ˡ
ԪңʵʵضѻţĿڰϣ
⻹ֻһӶѡ
ͫ΢Դʮ꣬ûһμôԪҡ
Ѱ̽ȥ̣Ԫ˳ָײĺܺô˼£ԪͻأһС롣
ţŤͷЦЦգգۡ
Ȼʲô鿴ԼɫǬ䡣
ȻһСѵԪҡ
ͬʱѵ
[㻨Ǯ]
ûпѵͷʾл
ѵЦݸġ
Խ˵üȥ˸üҵСӸδʱܳ嶯ദȴˡ
û˵Ҳ˻
ĸ첲
磺
ˣ򿪵ڶӡ
һ仹ǰԪҡ
Ѻܸ˵ָ˺üѡ
оеˣһ˸߲ҵӣ룬ûƻ¡
ţ䡢䡢䡭ʮ䣬ȫǰԪҡ
ЩѾǼһʲƸˡ
еп
ѹƽʱǮ⣬ҪʲôֱӾŪ֣û۹

ʮԪҹٰѿӣڻˡ
һĶԪֵǮƵĶѻһԭǧԪҡǰԪ㲻ʲôЩԪƷߣȴȽϺǺ̵ܿģڶԪļࡪǮҲ򵽵Щ
Ǳ͹Ϊ˸ѴϾڳҲֻڿ
Ԫ䣬ÿһ䶼֡
˫ģҲƵġ
̲סóţ˵ݸ
̵ĶԵˡ


20 Ա
أѰеӶˣʵʵڵٴᵽѵĺ
ʮԪҡʮ䲻ͬƷ׵ĵرԪ䲻ͬƷ׵ıԪĽԪһԪܴ첻ͬƷױıġ
ƵֻΪ˺һѣ͵Ķô㹻÷ǳˡôִšǮҲǻġ
һ߰һ߸ЩĲеָüŮⱣ棬еսǬ䣬Ϊġ˽⡱
ǿ۽磬㻨Ǯյ̫ˣҲҪһԼʲôԸġܾܲͳ԰׷ɣʲôûȥЩΪǵĲǵöôѸ˲Ŷԡ

Ӷ꣬ѲŷԼеһʱûӦԼΪʲôҪһֱš
ţϤĴֳǰ
ѾͲˣִȥ

վѷԼ󣬸ɴ࿿ϡ
̺ȡ
磺
ҶҶ
ԽԱ߿ˣЦҲ
ʱ򣬱޺̧һŴӹŵûƻͤ
Ѿں߰˸ˣǵȵЩҲǶƵģ֭û
֧ӣԼԽһЦߣүүһԷȥ
ԽЦͷ
ֿǼҵСӻɾһֱû֡

Խܶ࣬ûгʱڷóͣҲûȥҵļǼ档뿪ǰһƣдšơ֡
ϵʼǶƵ۵ģǰûƣеؿԽ˵
ԽȻ˵еһ⻯ЯԱġ˵⣬ѵԽѵͷ˵Ҵòˣǻɾȥ棬ҲɢһɢġҪпյĻǵôɾعһˣҲʶʶǡ
ѲⱻԽͷ˲Դ˵մȥģүүҸ⹫˵ҵͻȥ
Խͷڸѵ˺һĨ磬ת۾ʧˡ
е᲻ãһתܿҪټˣָ
ʣʲôʱȥ棿
룬գۡ
[һǸ˵]
˵ͷ
ʲôѡ

һͷӢڷԼܶˡ
⼸ʱʱ˺ܶ࣬⼴ʹƵּҾӪģ¶֣ӢֹʲôµĻ
붨ˣӢ̷ϢҪǹľúһҪ֮Ӣֹ°ӡ

ʱǲġ
Ӣû뵽յʱھ͵ĸǣһʱȻһûй
ԿյĻӢӵɫࡣ
סô£
һͷҲš
˵Ըš

һա

һĺһñ̿Ŀհֽдд
ɣҲһʣ˸߲ҵػ
̧һصʱɳȵعһԵıϡȻ󲽶ߣѵԡ
ϣֽ̿ϻż򵥵ĵͼЩͼϻע˺ܶС֡
ϸȥȻ˵ЩζֺƻȥĵطСЩط£ȥֺƵĻԵ
ѱ˸ԡƣϸָм俿ҵһͼϣһǳءֽû滭Ϸעŵġɽǡͺ
粻֪ɽǸֺƾʲôϵǰѻ̹ʱֻ˸йصǸ֧ߣݸ޹أҲûô׷ʣѾûϸ˵
ѵָƵͼԱߵСϡ
ǶС֣дţ
ɵֺƴڴ˵⣬Ůĵ¥ʯ©һªʯʳһöѣҺʯ衣
ĵһӦǡ©ѻʯ裿
ϾҲƷѽʯĸ󡣶Ƕ©ǶԾ޸ޱȵ˵ͺѽˡ
Ѷ磺ʲô飿
ʵûʲô飬ƺܿеϸ΢ͬ
Ҳֱ˵ˣ¶
ʯ軹ҪټɶƵֱӸһƿʯҺжٽܳƵǡ©
˼ˣӣ˵ʲôܽɵֺƵĻԵҾͺܸˡһ£ǸǱԺһֻǹĽף΢ףпܴﵽ˽סɵֺưֻԼˣȵŮҺֱƸʯ豾ģǸСѾͷǹСѾͷʵǲæ
ͷԭˡ
ּҵʵҲȫû򵽣ֻǲỨôԪѡˣּҿ϶ҲҪǱˣύĳӵܵҡ
ڵֺԼ©ȷʵƵǻԵԼһȴô󷽣ҲŮԵ֮һ
磺ʲôʱ֪ҡ
üЦã

Ǹ˵ӣټغģͺܿԸȥ
ŮǶʱæתɿظ׼еĶ
ͬʱѩӯֺ̽Ķ
ֺһζӻΪ̸ʣڼŲΪûѵıӻּҵĲҵܵĴȸ󣬲涼ˣֺڼҲ˺ܶ
ĵ飬ּ֮û䣬ҪǷֳǵһ忴ּҵһܸԣԴ㣬ּҵȻܰԼҵ֧ҵȥǸͿʼһЩ𲽲ʳּҡּҲǵĶ֣ڷӦʱѾ˺ܶ࣬ҲΪѵĴڣЩ˼ɣűȵòôȻֿʼ̽ˡ𲽷ѶּһҲʱӦûнһĶ
£ּҲ˶ֺƺ²˷УҪΪֺּĶӣǵĻ̬Ҳԡ
ֺƴûܹ裬˵ѿɴͱ˹ء
ּڲҲѾܾûˡ

°֪ͣҪЩҪ¶
ץʱʱ˼׵ϰðϸܵĺˮĵڵġ
ؾ°ڲһ̧ͷȶѴ͵Ŀ⡣
ѴʵӲؿڣ޵ǲ
磺лл
Ѷ磬ͻȻߡ
[ɵֺʱѾˣһ߽׽Ůȶύõһ챾ߡȶҲİ檣ɵֺõһԾŽ񽳵ؼΪ˰˽񽳣²Ǳؼַ²˵ԼģײҪ]
˶٣ߵѵߣɫŰ
Ѻһ
ѩӯϣȴǼҹӺɾԳһƬռ䣬æ죬˵һԡ
ǶһۣЦ
ѽˣ
ԶԶԣӺɾĸã


21 ˮת
Ҫˣ
ϢѸٴңȻҲҵļӢֹĶС

ӢֹǸˣּǰһٴһЩϢܿƲ⡪ּģ֮λ˵ѵϾƵ۸߸ϣעôһСûֻּϾֱиһΪˣ⽻
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͻȻӢӵĿҲ֪ΪʲôԼλӣǳġ
ӢֹѲϲƵŵˣŮȥԷúദҪ˷þͲˡ
Լ֮࣬ѸٵȷԼԺҪôάѣø㣬Ҫָֻš
뵽ӢֹһԴֶʹӿʵӢôˣ
ʹӶӢֹǳģ˿¶һЦӢ񼸶ͼ䡮ĸʼһãŭ죬ȴûİ취
ѵĺôӢֹһӳ׷мôӢдѵĻ᣿ټ˫γɳ޵ľ޴϶ڶǵĬ£ӢֹӢ檶ŮһΧڡѹȥԺǱߣһǸͷͻᱻ赲
Ӣֹһҩƣһ̹غЦӢǵ۹⣬ҵνĸЩǽͷݰˣǽͷҲмСġǺεּӢӣӢﻹһ˿أȻỹңѾкü˶תͶңʶȤؽյĲҵң̰īĿҲ
ʹЦЩС˶ףʱͬգӢ䣬Ҳ಻ɳӡ뱻㣬ȻҪͶϡ˵⣬䣬ҲЩ޴֮ڹɱӺ
ӢֹЦͷ˶ٺˣպǱߵķԭĳ̶֡ȱҲñʾһ
ʹӦס˵⣬ҲЩпүǺܺദģҲȣߵ˶Ǽõġ˶ܱǼۣӢҲ㡮ȻҪȥϣҪ˼Ҹǡ
Ӣֹֺһҩƣﳩúܡ
һӢȥһĳȴ˸Ÿݴʴʺֱѵ⣬ֹסĺЦ
̫ˣ̫ˡ
ûɽӢҸûеλԣΪԼʲôֻƾͬһܵõϵҪûѣǵӵܶ˻ûκһǱĺ󱲣˵мֱӻĿܡʵϣвʵӵܣҲࡣ
οѾ˺ü֪꣬۰ӣһĶδػϣοǸüģûмֵ⣬ܸôῴأΪһõĹҲ
ࡣ
Ӣֹ緢ͲӢӿˣҲŸر
ϾѾҪˡ
Ӣһʱ׷ѭŷ򱨳Ӣӵӹ൱ǱŮҲû磬޲˵ڽϵرһһήȥ
ˮתܺ
ӢֹһɨĽĿ׳ϡ
߶ѣµķ࣬չķҲˡ
ڴ˿̡
ӢֹֻӣǰԺ
ǼҵСҪȥ棬ģȥػ

澶䣬ûͰ뵽Ķʰˣ֪ܲȥҪãҲҪܵ
ɿ
ԴţǴҲûһ·ϡˣǳڷܡ
ԼǸɢˣȴڿ磬ر絶ȥǿνĿ鲻Խعơ
硭Ѹٵϰˡ
ϰ߹Ҳͦϲġ
ദʱĥҲǳ˳ѸճһźζܲۼŲתʱ򣬾ֶȥһš
ҲĬ죬պҧס
Ѹ˸Ĵָ
һҧ
Цݲá
Ķûаͣͣ˳ת
֮㻥ʵֻһ˲ѡ

Ȼ䣬
ڿһȭͷĽɫӣ˵Ӣֹˣͦģɡ
Ӧһǡ㣬Ѹٵǰȥӭӿˡ
ͬʱָϵĹ֣֭¼ˣȱˣһˣ
Ŀǳǿգ۹ͽջأһѾѵߡ
˳˿Źӡ
վһҧ顣
ѿ佱á
磺лл
ʱӢֹ˹
ѿվܿػһӢֹ
Ӣֹº͵ʣŵ𣿡
ЦҡҡͷûʲôŵġӢֹң
Ӣֹ̬ͦãַ֣Ҳ˷ֱ˵Լ⣺˵ֶҪȥ棬һ³̣ʱȥʱЩˣ·ΪΣǷȫʲô԰æģ
е졣
ûȥÿȥ֮ǰӢҲ˺ȥŹĵͷָݳޡ룬ǶʼǮô
Ӣֹļʻӡ
Ѹо̹ͦȻشߣһ·ȥ˳ȥ⹫
ʱҲȷ£˵ˡʲô·ʱ֪ȤȥҲʱ䡣γȥᳵӣ˸ӵȻҪϣƽҵЩһЩ¾Сȫ治ǣҲûʲôҪæģУҵʱԻᴫŻ
ĬȻ
ִӡ֡ɡ硱ˡ
ˣϰ߾ͺá
ӢֹûôֶദϸѵĻشԽӺá
Ҳܸɴ࣬óһԼһԪҵĲӣ˵Ϊ帶࣬ƽûʲôҪȥ棬ұЩãı⡣
ѻǵһδõãˡûŮ֣ԼӹսǬ䡣
ǾͶлӢֹˡ
Ӣֹûжֻ˵һ䣺뿪ʱһ͡
ҲûܾͳӢֹЦЦð
ߺһϡ
üվ

߸ĲѽһЩ꣬Ǳʹʧġ״󲮡ȴܳ
õܺһû˰ɣǲ󲮰ûѰģӲùɣ
Ĵ󲮣û٣ڼͷһλ֮λȫֶӣֶӺȥġҲӺãҪң̲ˣ
ڵļ۹⣬õܵúܣ߹ϵҲãѽôŰɣѵӣˡ
˵ǵ˼ҷѲãҪأ
ѿǿĿˡ
Ӣ߬ȭͷɫէէס
ģܵġ
ǿԼǿǸС˵
ӢЩڡ
ҲҲġ
ǲӦá


22 ˽ױ
ڶ죬ѵ磬źǷ߳š
Զ翴ҡҡ׹ģεվĲߣʱ׼֡ˡ
һȺ˸ǵ㵽İ˸ʵߵĻͬﵽ־ġճ˳еĶ顣
Ժ׼õĺ֮ǰȥּҫʱĲͬεĳܱյģҴ濴ҲƽѣƺԼӡ
Զֹˡ
һʵ۰ĶƵ׼˱ģ°ʦƵģΪ˽ױڲ춼Ƕ⡪ǿڿԵֵʥ̥ǿߵĹֻҪǿ߲û˿Դ
ڲĿռҲʵСõǬƷ죬濴ֻ΢ͬŻ֪ɼʮˣ򡢺Ϊü䣬ѵķȻ󣬰˸ŮиС䣬Լд˵ĸ䡢ס޵ĸ䡢ŮΪ׼ʳĸ䡢ŮǻǸԷֿĸ䡢ͬԡĸ䡭ֱƶˡ
Ҳܸߣڳﰺͦص·⡣
ɴ˿ɼƵΪ۰İȫ˶
ͷݲֻ׵˽׵ĸͺŵıνӦоС˭ܵ°ϲأγȥΪ˸ֺҲʹ죬ɵֺ΢ĩʱʶһЩʵߵһʼóɱﵡ
ֺƵʱţʵϻǽġ
ѡ۵͵ĳʵ㹻ȫ

ΪŮ֮ףվ˳ݵǰβˡǵﶼսǵ䣬ĺ塪˰ͷͻ
ͻѡİʮ䣬Ҳǳǿǳ;߻Ƕ;̣ڻ¡
ҲǺܺʵġ
ʵϣ˽׵ıҲԼߣΪ°ܾģֻҪĳװ㹻ԪʯڿзСǲ·Ҳòô;п羰
˿̣Ѿ˳ͻĺϣĿбӣǵҲǶӢģһָ͵ʡ
󱳸ųɫĳǹ˴֮Լһ˿ûĹһģʵʱγһս󣬶ʱｫһ󾳽硣㹻Ĭĳ̶Ȼܸߣ
Ƕǰ˸ѵģʽƵ۵Ļһ޶Ҳӵи廤Ƶʡ

һ׼ɢҡӣɢذԼҡ˳
Ůǵʾ£ڶȥ
Ů롣
ǰͷñƵİɴסΪһֵĸϳ̱ޡ
̱޻һƿеĳͻʱȻһХ
еĸǹɫһֱ࣬ͦǳسơ
ꥶУһ·Ժȥ

ӢֹŮʱңңĿ͡
ãӳ֡
ߺӢֹת˴Ҵʹӡ
ʹӢӸղ͵͵ȥԺǵ˷ˣſҪȥʱǵ˲Űס
ӢֹЦһ浱ѻء
ˣ˺ǻ˺˾һϡ
ӢֹܿҲ֪⡰״󲮡̫̫ģˡ


˵ӢȥѵǸֻҪѣ֮λصСֻϧ⼸һֱڸԹߵ¶֪ϢƫƫһӶ֪
ҲֻбŸѡ

ɽǸóһǧ;ҲЩģһȴû;ϾʲôУҹڻĽҰҲûϵŮ׼㹻ʳĿΪǼҹӷζȣܵĶڼʱûʲôͬ
ڵǴǷǳʣźëƤһӦ趼ƽϰﻹܵµ󷨣Ӳһļ紺Ļ
ʵ˵ĸͣȥʲôջϢﻹ̹һЩ

ʵë̺миСһʯ̡
ߵѴ޺޺бںܺʵĴϣ̬úܡһ׵͸üã˫ӣÿЦŵʱһ䣬һģҪߵȥƵġ
Ķ桪ұŵλĸߴӣȻ硣
ԼҰģƽʱҲôعؽҲǱԺˣװװӡǸദûãͷʵ⣬Ҳ͸ź⣬˳ˡ
ڣҲֻһɫӣӵ൱˿ѵĺһġ
ǸϳʱŮģȻڳô㣬Ҳܸ̫ȻôһһģѿǺ
СνʱͻˡֻԺŷ֣Ҳ̫ᱡ˳ŸûƵģĶڡѾȾڳﻹһʱϰˡ
ڣӵʮϸ΢ͬȻֱ治̫ӣѾڳԸ˯֮󣬷ǳ˳ֵץһϴɾ˵Ļˡ

ֱ̺ӡﲻͬһϵġԣ׼š
ԼͶұûüķʽһ߲Ԫһѵָʾʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ѵջԣûʲôѧ˼ԺͨˣܸӮ
Ѷã
һֱá
һ壬һʵԺ󣬳˽غ㻹ȥʲôط
룬˵ɣһԽغĻʱ䡣
һ٣˵ѣȻѾ֪һУͲҪֺܵˡѱ˱죬ְ֪һǺܴвɱѿڰҲ̫ļļ񡣡
Ѻ˺ߣ˵Ҫô
˵㲻Ѿ˵ͼôԱߵĿհ״ʱȺгֺҪвĵزӦҪʱգֻҪͼ֮Ͳģֻɵǡ
գգۣúеҲԣ⹫Ŀǿ϶ȫ͸˵һ壬Ӯˣ
ݸͶ䡣
ѵתܿ죬뵽ֺƾͷ뵽⹫͸ˣûӮ͸ˡ
Ҳɨˣֻʣ𣿡
Ӯңʤ׷ԥ˵һ̣
ֻǣվǱɨˡ
պӣ׼壬ͻȻ䣬һϸϸɤ
ӣɾɽѾˣʱȺ˶࣬Ҫֱͨǣ
˵̣ǡֵݳ
Ѳһӣί졣
[ұҪӮˣ]
翴ģӲ΢΢͡
ԸŽȥ͵һȰɡ
ӦһǡͲٳ
Ƥ硣
ָָ̣һ֣
ѵٴת䣬ڵץһöȥ
[££]
ͱ˱飬Ϊ⶯Ҳ˼Ѹӡ
ӮǸϲǰ˶ЦһЦ


23 Ů棩
ɽǸóǶ, ռҲڰϣ˿ڴﵽ֮ȻҲǺܴģ԰ɽжϱĸšɾ, ÿŵ˺ͳҲൽųĶ, سǵļʿ൱Ѹٵز, ˳ҪѲ̵ʱ䡣
ѵͨǶƵвͬȼĺü飬ֱͨвͬĴС֮׼ô, ΪԽȽϸĵ˶Ƶۡһ, Ѳȥʲôط, ʹƸԼз㣬, ؾء
ûʹͨҲͺĳһ, ټĳǰŶӡ
źΡ, д, Сȡ
ŷǳ, óͨеģϾܶ೵ݶ, ܶ޵ͶӴŲȥҲԵǾһȴŶ첻, δ̫˵㡣
ȴȴһƽǹŵ, ֻдͨˣܴǱ߽
СխС, Ҳֻǡԡ, еСרͨ, ԺüһȥеǸӵͨģҪôӴޣҲܺüͷһǰС
ܹ鶼Ϊ߽ǵЧʡ

ѸӮ͸ɨһۣǰ滹кЩŶӣе㲻ͷˡ
̣ڿͨˣĹȥ˵
ϰԼҹӵתȻӦһԼû뿪ݣһŮȡƵſڣչʾسǵļʿ
˵˵ĳӦúܿתԱߵĴȥˡ
ѵյʱ䣬ȴûж
[ôô]
ѰѲдϣȥ
ѵڴϣȻ΢΢ȴԵøÿˣĿѣԡ
[ң]
籾ҪĶͣͣߵǰ˿ۣ˵ѵȾˡ
⻰ճ˺ٵ
ִҴҵػظɾǰ˵ӣЩס·ˡӸոȥʹ֪Եɣּйϵأ
͵۾ɵԲʧּң
ͷҪըƵģΣЩЦɴصԱ¡
ٴؿڣ
Ҳ֪ߴ˰ȫлôģʱֵȥôˡ
ˣ˵ɡ
գۼ䣬űƿ
өµĽŮȻ룬ߴߴؿˡ
˵治ּ˵ĴݳŶأͻȻиͨƵĳҪת䣬еʱܴ³ײĳϡײǸķǵǸ·̫㺦ǼСӳˤȥⲻơ
ٵټ죬ûþͰȥ˵˸һ

ԭﱾֺƴ³⣬ֺû˲ϳּҵҲҪգһС˳Ǹóײ񻹵һҵǸŮ࣬޼ڰɽǿҲͱȽϽᣬĹС⣬ûʲô˷˵һеǵһˡŸڳſôڡҪеż˵һˣֱӶ֡
ӱȽԲǸĺѡôԲҲܲסָűɫѿġⳡִܿﳤȥգǱҲһζãּҵ档
ִ֮׻ǻһЩʱǰҲΧۣû̹ȥҼʿֻðƽºԼȻ

Ѱú£ų磬˵
[ǻ治ǣɵֺҲôһ⣬ʱɲǵִҲ֪ʲô̼ɵֺƴģк¡]
ǵģѿİӣ£µ˳ִǺģӦҪڼӴڳŶԡȻ뿪˳ݣԸֺƳܣôĵشģԵֺ̫ͺ֡ôֺǲһֵ𽵹ͻȻȤ
Ȼ֮ǰġŮˡ
˼ǣ
˵Ϊҹζֱ࣬¥ȰѶߡ
û飺ղܾϢһҰȥ˵
ֻǷԸһЩ뿪ûŸӣȥѹѹ

Ѿһߵȴţºƹȥѵĳֱǰˡ±ϡ棬ովŵе㵣ģ׷˿һЩ·ҲˣԼù
̴ñɴסݣ̬Ⱥ䵭ݳ˳űóĿյеһߣգ۵ĹʹŶȥ
Ƶᣬûһ˿
Ŷӵ˼ˣҲп
ӺӻǲһģǰĿ£ľͺƶˡ

Ǻڿ·ʻ
ɽǺܷ߶ǳƬľɽʳ̾¥ջ䱦еӦоУЩӻ߸˼ҵլۡԺ䣬ǳӦӲϾ
̵ļԦ£һ·¥
¥Ƿʯĵط
ʯһֳڷ̮ؾżȵطĻʯܶȻϣͻȥһЩĵرҩ䡢һŵ֮ģֱӰȥδü뿪ߡ
ڱʯеܶණụ෢Ӧ죬ֱֻΪʱ䳤˶졪Ҳȥʱûʲôôģȱͳ˱ҲǱ˷ܱǾ綾ͷ˱ҩȵȡ
ԣʯܵõʲôǿ
ġ
ܻⷢЩĵطҵɶѵʯ߽֮ȡŲ֪ûб͸ɴȥ
ٹܶ꣬ʯʯʯ𽥷չΪһҵӵдʯĸɴԳⶫΪһݲҵһĴʯľȥ涫ĺû˫пдʮִ̼
ҲһЩ۹ⶾߣҵһЩпܿöĹȻʯĲͺأҲܲң̽һ˲ˡ

¥ǰʱ¥ǰӭüòڵؽӴ
ӱӣ׺ޱȵĳͻͣ£̬൱˳
òƼһĻ͸ˡ
˿ʯͷǶǰղȥ԰ʯͷ͹ģŸհأ˵ãȻиͷʣ
Ŵ򿪣żȻ£ݳڣѱ¥ⰲӴĹǶȥˡ
ӴĹǴ˴ҲǼʶģû¶Ҫ
΢΢̧֣ʾӴ
ţͼ÷ֱߣȺ
¥ĹҲҪˣʶȤزͬȺ
ȻǼһλθߴᵶһԾ£ûٴк̽һֻϸƣס
¥˿
룡ÿһλСӣ
Ȼ󼸸ַ֣ÿǺøһλСӣ
ȻȫϳСϴŴŵĶʲôƷʵĺЩϳġϳЩѾ൱ˡ
Ƕʱף˴ˣʹһʴУȻɲǹϰ
Ҫʱ򣬴˵ʯͷˣ⵹ͷλ·ЩиƷʵģҲ԰ȥһơ
¥ĹǶʱЦˣ˵
Ϳ룡
ģ¥ʯͷõģ
ߣλӵĽ¡λС
Ѻ类ŮǴӵţ뱦¥
ֻºԸλѱͣһ࣬

̧߽¥Ĵɨһۡ
¥ʵߣ㣬ڷŵǲͬʯŸԺӣסľǴ˵صƹ͸ӴĹǡʹӻǵȡ
źܿһӦҲûʵģ˼ҸõǺܸС
ѵǲϡ档ڹʱֹȥٱȱ¥ʯ棬⹫Ƶ۸˲ҵʯؾҲüʯͷĴǲ١
عѳҪֺƵĻԵ⣬ҲĿĵġ
[ùǰ̫ˣɢɢ]
磺
аɣӶùˡ
ô˵ĻǺܸж

һѾ˲ˣӴĹذ˽ӽ󣬾ûһѷضŽܣԷ߳һ˵С𰡱ĹϸĵΪǴ·⡣
һ¥˺ܶӣÿһкüɼذڷʯͷͬĸʯͬλŸСдϣۿȥˡ
رѾöĸӣСӻỻһʾһкû۸ҪһЩ
ۼǸ͵ģֱһСһ
ʯǶѷڵ棬ǳںܶӲľϡ
ȻЦλ뿴СĶʯͷһƬƷãԸǿλۡ
һɨΧЩӿһȦǵãֺƺҲСѡʯ
ʱֺƵޣ˵һҵʯͷĵط򣬻ٴسֺƣı׬͸ˡֺƿʯﶫֵʤܶ࣬Ǯ˼ٱֹǡֺޣ˼֮飬ֻƵݣҲ·𱻶һΣԵӢ˺ܶ࣬һֱʡ
뵽⣬Ѵ˸¡
[Ǹ뷨̫ˣֺƴϹҲܳ󰡣]
ȭͷסԼ죬΢΢תͷŰЦסˡ
ֻﱧԹһ䣬߽֮˸ȻҪѡʯܵýؿһǣ
ΪȱǮʯѹû۲죬ֻ˳۵ġǻûյʱ䣬ѾָŸһ˸ߵʯ˵ҡ
ʯĲʴܳأҪѰʯͷôҲһʯȴʮļҲѹȻǿõöôƻذʯͷ
ᡣ
ԣ¶δ͡
ܶʲõǰȥһɵذŪ˳һյϣȫλչʾ
ʯһȦŲ֪ʲôʱóӣʯãƲŻУȿɡ
û뵽ѡʯͷô㣬զ࣬Ͷ˵ˣȻǸϽ¶öܵѯʣ֪ԼСŮ
Ѱڰ֣ȥȥ
ӦģСŮҲ֣ضΪϸ⿪ʯ
ֵףʯͷĴ͡
ˣЦ绨СŮӾлˣ
סѵСۣԱ
Ťͷ
[ʲôקң]
˵Ϊ㿪ʯˣЩʯϡ
ѻȻҲԱȻ˵öԡ
[ʯͷŪ̫ѿˣ]


ȷֻʮָһذڶ˫־͸ѱСָ䡣ƥȻǶ׵ı΢ٽ紩ĺѸٵһৡ˲ʯʯϻ˺ܶ·
ϸȥЩ·˳ʯʯģһַǳصУʲôƵġЩ·ӻʯҲ˳Ǻۼ¶ǲҰɫʯȿƽƽʯȿûһ˿Ԫͨʯͷ
Ķͣת˲˵ӣͬǱÿֻץһѣֿٵʯȿиʯ䣬Ǽӱһ㱻µף𽥳еĵƽӽ
һ硢硢硭ʱ䣬ʯȿ˺üȦֻϧڣûй¶˿ԪЩˡ

ôû¶࣬ĪǸտǣ
ȷ֣ôʯ˵һǡ
˵ŵǸϹߣôʯЩϹ߾ųɾŶ滯ɾʯֻʯ𣿡
λ˵ð
ҿҲûʲôϵСŸúܣһԪҡ
ûСһУÿһʯı۶һԪҡ
Ҫ֪ͨĵرĽײŻԪۣȻϰҿλ˵ʯƷʺģʱܿģĽױֵĸҲ͡
¥ǰɽһĶʯÿײ˵Ŀ˵Ȼ٣ѾʯͷĿҲǺܶࡣ
һ˱ʱ򣬾кЩ˷ǵװ൱Ǯ⼸֣뿴ǻЩʯͷ
ҲǹģҪڿʯ
ǴһԪҵʯģ𻹲ܿǲŰ˸ʽǾѾйע˿ʯ򲻺ãǾԼʯͷƵϧ鲻Խؾͷ
ĺܿϧʯѾСһ뻹ûһŷʯɣ

ڲ𰵶ԽԽСʯʯȿüͷɲ¡
[ûɣҶûӣ]
֪ǰе˰˵رű飬סĦ¡
ֻһͷû
[磬Ҹ]
[ˣϵļӻӲͷȵɡ]
Ħ˲ͷӦˣǱģָӴĵط⻬ȷʵЩԡֻǰοȴеռˣԱʵʱеġ
һ⼱תеЦáλСһץסص㣬עǼӺ
ѵĶȴӦһȥͺȡȻ˵ҵ˼Ǳ𼱣Ӧûжġ
۾һ
[ô֪]
СˣϵͳϢиƵġ
˫Բɡ
[ϵͳǸ]
΢΢ͷȥϸ˵
е棬ǸνϵͳеϢ϶ǸǱߵйأ˶࣬ûˡ
ʱеźҪҲͺˣ㵽ˣҲ㡰˵ġ

Լû̫עԸտʯʱҲûע⣬ֱеһ뻹û仯ʱźȻ
ԭϱȽƫڵʱ򣬾ӦûмꣿϻжʧһǣһλǡӵܼλźܺΪʲôҵŻ¶⣬͸һʱ䣬ڼ䣬ϻ൱ĺøУʼڡ
ĳϻóʯĶŴȥһ鱻еͷСʯȿ˴Ա˵ĶԻе֪Ȿһܴʯû뵽еڻʲôûУųɾǿʯˡ
ϻҪʯȿžһǮʮԪҴʵǻصסٴʱŷʯȿиȭͷĿ϶һﵽ׵ıܹϻⶾָ䡣
֮źܾԥ֪Ƿϻָ䣬ϾǰϻţѾϻ㺣ϻָб䡭ٺһ󴮵㰮ҡҰ㡢ⲻǰ˵ҲŲǰҲҲѪ߰İˡ

ʯĴСʿ״̬⣬ϵͳϢǸǡʯӵҲˣ߳ɰգο˵ϵͳ֪ǿ顪һжϴҲûϵѵ˽⣬ӦûҵϻǿʯҲٰѿʯʧ·ˡ
絽׻ûв´

µʯȿԽ࣬Խţͷ΢΢ð˺顣
ɲɣʲôûаɣ쿪ʯĿ˶ջİô˸ͻȴͻȻûأҪĻһԪҵĸ»Ҫֵ˰رгһʯܵòͻС£Ӱ¥˾ǴˡʱᱻЦᱻϰǨŭ֪ҪѶѪܲʧھôŻԼ㿪ʯʧܣҲҪ취ù򼸿ʯƼ˵أֻҪܿͲ̫Ӱˡ
ӵĺ˼룬ֵµĶȴȵ
ʵ϶ʯʧܵ˲֪ҪӰ³ʯͷļֵҲôš
ͻȻ䣬ʯȻһ١
оԪˣ
ʶ˿Ҳ¶Ц
ʱʯȿֻʣ˱ȭͷԴѡ
ϲãλ뿴һεıȻصüҲѾ¶λûԸͿԽһʯȿƿˡ
ѱͶŲɣڷֻжʱãҲҡҡ˵׸ƿ
[㿴]
ŵºͣһۣƺӦ͡
һץסСۡǰûָоȴȻͬˣδػ۵ĶȻеС
Ӧ˵һ䡰Եȡٴ
ǣ
ʯȿϷһѷ죬ԪԽԽŨƮɢȥ
ʼϧšûϷ˵ĿǼ״Ҳ̲ס̾
ȻаӺ
ԪŨ̶ȣ濪ĶԲĽף
ĽףҿûʶײŶԡ
ˣȶ֪ˣ
ҲܼԽǼԽҪ侲ɵذǿѷ츽ʯȿóһѶ̵̽ѷ촦
·Ѳ˿ޱȣ˼Ϊʣͬʱʯȿмֿꡣ
һ͸ƤƵĶסһ俴Ļ꣬ϸɫ꣬ɫĲݾŸ룬롰Ƥĵײ
ڶ࿴Ѿ˾Ϲɻ׵ı
ʲô׵ģ
Цİɣܿ׵ı
һ»ȻƷôߣһܴҧҲҪһ飡
ҪǴһգһѡһ鿪ˣһӮ˱ƽ֣
ЩˡҸղŻأû뵽ھֵĽˣװԪתң˰ٱֹ

鼫ãѵְǶϹɻǵǽⶾʥƷԽ⿪ܶ׼ߵĶֻҪһƬСһȥ߽׵Ĵ󲿷ֶҲԽ⿪λʵԶͨױģĿǰмʮԪϡ
ѾͰ׻ˣǳˬ˵㣡Լġ
罣ü΢úõȻ˵ұضϸ档˵ǬóղƷõϻϹɻͬǲƤһŽȥϸϣϷԪ
ѼСԴԼЦˡ
Աߵ˼״׷׶ͶȥʵĿ⡣
û˲̫ؼʹ棬о΢

˾ϲǮĽʺ޵ʱҲϲǮΪĵʱ͸ϲǮ
ǣڸ˼Σ赭д˵Щˡ
һԵĴŸǬȡһСӴ򿪡ȫԪңĿ
ûģֻ֤ҹ㹻Ԫѡ
Թ۵Ŀһ󻩡
ǮǮǮ
ΪѸùǱſ꿪ʯȥʯģҲˣǵõꡢʯ˵ʶôģؿʯͷҲǺټġ
Ҳ
ֻʾҪ˷ʱ䣬һ𿪡
һ˴ͻⱦ¥ȻҪ̷ܵҲڲԶĽһ֡
ЩҲ˶Իģƺ߳ŸˣͲվһ
Ҳʯͷˡʲôÿ˸ɣҪǺãǸߵָЩʯͷǰϸֱһѾ˳ȫ˳
ңһʮÿﶼֱķƬˢˢضʯµ
һ£ҲúƣǱĽ̵ģͷϵĻͬ
һʱˡৡʯ˷˳˿
ֵµʯСȣַ࣬Ҳп
ûʱ䣬ѾиеһʯͷҲպһ̣µǰʯϳѷ죬Ԫ
ɨһʯûʲôͶ˵״򿪡
λСʵ˿ˬӦ磡
ʯʱֿ룬¶һС֬Ķ
ҡҡӣĽ׵࣬ݾԶС
ûԼȥ񣬶ɲʵｫ֮ʯʢǰ
ѽӹһ£͵ҲС
ٴĽѺ֮࣬ˡ
ΪѻǺذʯǽ磬գգ۾
[ȥĨҲҪĨͦʡ]
ʯǣ˵ͷ
аɣ
üЦˡ
ЦˣȻΣҲЦ⣬൱ذʯŽһƷʺܺõϻٴ׵
Թˣ
֪ôݣ˵ͬʱоеŵûš


24 ʯ
ǰ𰡢ʵλ￪ͷú, λ½½ضʯпˣʯͷȻж
ĶϹűƷԪʯ, ٵص׵ҩν˴۽, ϲһһġ
дĹǶǻϲ
ʯ߿հпʮֻɺϡʯͷٷְб, Ҳ֤һε»൱ɫ, ܿĸʺܸ߲ǣرЩҪĸùҵĹСͿˡ͡ѹɲһ, ͵Ǯ¡
ֻһ˲, ǾͿ뵽ܶԺӡԩͷ, ˵Ļˡ
Ǳ̼, ЩѾĸ˴Ǯȥ, еĽе𸻡
Ҫ, ̫ˡ
ı׵Ľ׵ֱôԼȥ֣ĵرһҲǣ˿ƷԪʯɴ, Ůһһ顪һƷԪʯļֵһԪҵģǿ׵ĵҩ, Ǹ硣
ԼһûҪָ˵ĶҲǷǳ, ¶·дšǮ, ôʯڵϰ˸ݡ, ˭
, ˺޵·ˡ
ѰСֳۣǰһȻ˵ȥ㡣˵⣬ͻȻбһۣʮŲ׼ͣ
һ㶡
ѵسʹ˸ɫ
[һ֪㣿涨Ŀ㶥žͻˡ]
[ҵģ׼ֻ˵ġ]
ݸ
ȻѵܸˣȷУֻѡµȼλʯ
ѹ涨˲׼հɡ
˵һϸģġ
üëӵߣܿù˼
Ѿ׼ɢԼʯͷĿǣ
˵ʲôϵ
Ǹ׶̫˰ɣɺޣҲʯͷ

ǰѸԱߣؿ
ѵֶΪͬѡʯͷʱȽϸóⷽ治ȫ޾顪Ҳ֣ϾǰЩģĶҪٶ㡣ͷ΢ԣûϢʱһЩȽϵ͵ʯֲʯͷһЩɣǻġ
ѳǮʯͷΪһɣ˶Էĺ⣬֪ôģԼҲһͷÿõ͸ѡ
ָ̬һͷСʯ˳ŻȻ˻ȥһ顣
ѴҪʯͷҲû붮̬ô棬ѵ˵Ȥϸ׵ָͱͱ
һ
ѵ
[ܻᰡҽ]
һڼǰǿ߸ߵʯͷ·ʼ⣺㿴·ΪɫѪɫߵʯ桭
ۣͷȥ
ʵ̫ģʲôϵأ
ֻϲϸϸΪ˵ѡ

ʯͷҪϺܶ࣬رæŸѽ⣬͸ˡ
ô˰ʱûͣûˣҲûٶšеǮĶԼȥǮҲڸ˴Ǯķֳɡ
ʵȹȫûдߴٵ˼ǵ뷨Ͳüλͽøˣ¸ʯͷźá
һһ߰ѡһ߳ġɫʯǵʯ۾ģȻú˼
ѸȤȻҲİԼ֪ȫ
ʼղԶ˵Ĵ˲źۼƵƵӡ
ǿ쿴ǹӿϲɾˣ
ɲôɾҲá
Щѡʯͷĵǽ˭֪ǼҹɶûʲôȤҲɾŰ
Я꣡
˵⻰˵ˡ
ٺٺ٣ð~~

֪䣬ѾӹĶʮ˿ʯһԪһģҲмԪҵġʮģλȡ
ÿһΰЩʯͷͽŮȥǮٶѷһ
ʱͻȻԼ֪䣬վ˵һǰ
ͻȻӦȻתͷ硣
[׼ǸɵֺƵʯͷ]
˵Ҳ뿴ܲܳö
죬˼ǰּλˣҲһԾͺ˳£κλɡ
ѵ󣬵˵һһ飬ô
Ѷİʾٵ˵
[ɵֺʯһ󣬾ʯͷǸĪƵĸɫ෢ңгȭͷô]
[߰ʯͷһǷֿҳ]
ͬʱѿƵ˵һ˭ļֵߣ
΢΢ͣϻһģȴӦá
һ߽˵ĸӡ
ѴҡڵسȥҲҡ
ţǷֱʯͷ﷭
֮ǰѣڶɷнµعۿʯ·ˡ

׻ѵʤһûյʱ䣬ͷ˽ǿ˵ʯľͺһֻſĪһɨȥԲ˳۵͡
Ӯ磬鱾ǺܺõģߵǿʯǰøϲõǱ˵Ƶģ©ˡ
е²֡
ģ̫
ˡ
[Ĳȥð]
һ裬ǾȥǸ
ҪʱһߴӰѾԱߣһ֣ʯͷ
Ѳͷ磿
ȷ硪ѵʵֳֺЦòסЦ⣬ſ첽߹
ı۰һץͰǡĪԶԶӵǶѡõʯûմһǰ㡣
ѵüչı۰
[˽ң]
罣ü΢Եøˡ
ʵϣǳá
һʯڷҵغʯͷġţһʯͷǰ
°Ȼ˵˹ʯͷֶһЦ˵
ףá
ȹﻶϲޣһʴ⣡ҲһǧԪأôܵǸոյʮÿǰʯˢˢؾҪȥʡ
ѿһ۴װԪҵСӣ˵ҲԼȥѡʯͷɣÿţƼǮĶԼš˵⣬ʲôȱģǴǰ˸ţÿҲţǰ
Ȱ˸ŮһȻЦӦлӡ
Ѱڰ֣ȥˡ

ĿǶûߣۼڰʯͷˣٴιΧۡȻȻܴ̼һ죬ǲŸչҪŮǡҲʯͷÿʯͷ޼ǮģʵرǷŮҲ⣬һԪһǼʮԪҵģͳͳôģֱǼҹӡ͸ҭ
⵽ļҵģôԪҵԪң
ݳ޵е˰
ͬʱǿʯͷҲ൱˳
絽йʯӿؾˣѡʯ
һСݺĹܿȿһϹŵҩĸһ𿪳ؾͶһ׶ˣȻû߿գ̫á
ѵûһ͹ȥ档
翴棬һֱšЩ䲻ѣҪÿģҲͦá
أѾʮʯˣһףҲĽ׵ģȴʼûױҲûпԪʯ⣬ʯûж
廹׬˲ٵģֻѿĶҪѷɫܶࡣ
üɫ衣
[Ҹ]
ͬġ
⣬ȷԶѡ˰ɡ

ǿʯʱԽǱ˵ԽǷں棬ʯͷˣʣµľǡһȡ顪λ󣬵Ȼ͵رԴ
ʱѺ粢վһ𣬿ʯ


25 ֺٴγ
ʵͲݺҪʯˡ
Ǳ, 磬ʯ磡
Ƭġǡڶ˵, ʯͬʱ˿˿ƵԪ
ʵϲԪˣ
ݺҲܸˣߵҲˣ
Ҫ֪˵ĸʯ, Ȼܿ
ЩġʹĶҲʯһ˶, ڳôߣܺܿ춼ȥ
οˡ
ȻǷ׷Ķ
ĿһЩʱû, ڵȺ򾿾ܿʲô
֪ԼĽעǿϡ
[ùĺܻѡʯͷ]
ɤӡ
ﶼЦ, ȱ졣
΢΢ҡͷ, еΡ
˼̶ӡշǳʱ, ǱߵĲʵѾͺһ𰣬ø, аҺ
׻ѵǿ鿪ø졣
̧ۣͼʯʯȿ϶, Լ¶һ㾧Ĺâѷʯдļ
ҲǾḻ, ״óյʯǰʵȻһо, Ͱڳ, ʯ۳һƵѶ, Ѿ·, ǡܽʯʢ롣ͬʱ, ʵбʯȿ, ʯʣ
Ĭᣬʯȿвʯ
ʵϸ鿴󣬲ٴγʯȿһ𿪡
һʯϣһžӨԲѡ
⣬
Թ۵Ŀѿڶ
ѣ
ôߵƷѷҲĽףǱԴﵽ˽ף
ȻֻǴӼʮĸ￪ģǲ˼顣
һβ¥ˣҪֱӳѣǧԪҲס
иոǰҺɣʯ裬һֵҲͣ
ºʱǰһֻϻ嶣ˣɽȪ
ʵ뽫ϻС
æʯ㵹ϻʵҲСʯ֮С
ºϻϣǰ
ӹתݸѣ˵Ĺ㡣
һ˵ʮ鶼㡣
[˾ˣҲŲҪɵֺ͸СŵĶ]
ĬȻ
͸ҪǸɵȡǣǸֺ͸СŵĶ
аɣʵɻҲôԼһֻƮǹ⡢ÿһɢƯ
ְϻݸ˴˵ǰ˸˭ͻƾ磬͸˭Լ㱣ܰš
Ůǿû뵽ɾôһۣ¶һĨ졣
лɾ
ѽ϶ΪǼҹ
Թ۵Ŀǣ
Ǹִ󷽵ģЩŮĴҲ̫˰ɣ

ïܵֺһƥֱͦ
޹ǵС§ס
ֺƱúܵģȴһɻ뷢ֲ֪ô

ּҲģܶﶼǵĲҵƩɽּ̡ҵû䣬ԴرϷ֣۵ҪԴͶϾˣ鷳һǧɣװ˷ôõλáּҸɴཫ⼸ӳ⣬ջ֣Ҳп
౻ѹĲҵ٣ֺΪּҵḺЩط⣬Ҳּ֤ҵλķʽ֮һ
Ȼձ˻ִֺƳڱ£ڱʱƢꡣû뵽ǣȻȰοô׵ؾһӵȡˣ
ֺƸö֮࣬ʼɹ
ÿ춼üеӵڱָָ㣬飬ûԼΪôҪҲ
һ֮£ֺ뿪ּңɽ
һɽ緢ÿʱÿ̶ܷꡣҪ֪ܲܰãҲҪύһЩˣּּ֤ҵˡ

ֺƲ֪ûϵǣԭֺƺ֮ԻᱻĽ׷ɱΪǻûѵʥ塣¸ֺƹˣʥ岻ôˣû˶޵
Ծֺ飬ûө£ٶԸͷĽޡ
˸·Ȼֻ½ͷ׵ɱ˱Ǳ㣬ûˡ

ýصĺ㶨ٴνעѡһʯϡʵ˸ѡģĶҲġ
[ʯͷú֪ʲô]
[㿪㣡]
ѵ΢΢͡
ѺܽţŵһץסСۡȡӡ
[ڴˣ]
ڲݺȫʿǿʯĶҲֳ
Ƚģһ͸ӡ
ڼߵɲǣͱŷΪǿҵĹââֺͣʹѸٵΧԲüɵķΧȴһҲۣʹҲƿߡ
̲סϸꡣ
ӲĴָȴǻԲ峺Өÿ
[ۣϲ]
ˣȻһɣѣ͸档
Ѳͷգգۣĸң
ͷұ뿪õ㣬Ϭֻףǿ͡ԺлᣬȥҸõġ
Ϭɢ¹ԣһֳ˺ÿûôĵرƷԽ
ܡ»ԡķΧԽѡ
ſһӣȴһûǲ̫ѡ
ѵǺϲϬ飬߸˵սǬͦɺϵģΪϬûôѵûеĶ
¶˸õЦݡ
[һ׵Ž׵ҶҪ˵õҪ~~]
ߣС˵Ϭֻס
ѣǾ͵ף
ͷá
һֹԱߵŮҲ½ʯʼֳʯ
ǵеĺáеĲãѡʯͷ࣬ҲвǷʯ㶼ЩпĽ׵ġǲ۶ûǹ͵Ҳĵ
滤ѡʯǾûֳ׼ԴȥԼȥ
²ģ翪һʯֱŵǸСԪͳͳ꣬Ųټ
ʱɫҲ˲١
Ѵ˸ǷʣסĵطҺûУ
ѩӯǰ˵عӵĻȥԺˣѾԺѾ׼ˣʱȺӺɾס
üԺס
ѩӯԼһЦӷģԺӣⶼɨˣ󷨡Ҳ°ϵģǴĶ
⡣
Ա롪ҲǣСڿѡµȻסֵķӣҪǲԼĶһ飬ɴڳǣԺҲҪǬﱸһЩʵĶС

¥ǰһ˩Űͷͻı
˸żУߣվǰλߴӢᣬ࣬Ҳء
Ǳ˸ŮģʵڻߣҲòãȫ
е档
ƮȻԳĻͷʾȻǰΪԼҹӰѳŴ򿪡
ȻѲҡ߳
ϳȻ΢΢
ס֣ͱɵȥ


26 С
ΪԺӲԶ, ѾûϢɴѳ򿪣ȥǳصľ¡
ǰĻҪ˱˿˿Ĺ𣬵ݸѡ
üĸҪӹ, ۽ǵͻȻɨӰЦݶʱ, ӹҲһɡ
[ɵֺƣô겻ɢ]
練Ӧܿ, Ѹٽסӡ
ͬʱ, Ҳɵó⿴ȥ
ѵġǰδ򡱣е΢
ֵֻսǴ̯λϣмŮִ
òŮ, ǸŮ˵㲻Ҫͱ, ֻʱûײһ, ѾǸ, Ҳû˵, 
Ů, Ө׵ϴ˿ǲмƾҲҶԱ, ôżĪðɣ
Ůߵ糺, ګګſ, ֲ֪˵ʲô
ü
û귴, ԶһüᡢԴЩòŮѾͬؿڣλ˵Щˡ
̿Ů¶˸мɫ

һеѣ
ѸٷӿըĶĤе㷢ʹ
[ײ²תƵǸʲô, Ůôָɵֺˣ]
[ײײǰ, Ҫײǰɣײ߲ǰɣ]
[εĶԻɵֺû˵ˣⲻڼԱܳ۾ʲôˣ]
[ǸȰܵĺȶ, ǰ, ûˣ]
[ǻ, С檻ˣˣ]
翴ѷŭı飬ɵ̧֣ļϡ
Ȼֹ
ͳѵĶ𣺡ûб仯ġѣ㿴ȶ񣬸Ĳһ
ѵߣ˳˵Ŀ˹ȥ
[񡢺ǲһ]

ѵȶȷʵǸȽĹġ氮͡С檣ǿʹࡣ
ԭӦֺơ±Ľ׷ɱʱֺƶ޵ķνӵǿ־ȶ֮µĲҲһĺøС
ȶ˾Ȼȥ֪²Ǹֺƹϵ׽ѾߣѾ߶ôˣԷύҲӦòᱻ׷
ȶүүȶ͵͵һֺۣƵ˺ǿһܴ¿Щ˵ֶΣȶ߸ֺơ
ֺߵŮ˶õ˺ôҲԡѡȶֳ㺡ȶֺкøеģøвԴʹΪԷС檣ֱֺƵʵѾԽȶвſſ檲ֺƺټͨԼõϢ
нصı֮سܻ֡ӭؽֺƲΪҡ
ȻûֺȥǸ֮أõŽؼܴ󷽵͸ԼİŮˡүүΪϵƸ

ڣȶֺֻƻ¸һŮִȴûֺʲôɫı֡ȶֺʱǴ͵ģ˿ȴƽǿһͨ·ˣ˳ְǻʹȻȴ࿴
ȶȻһ·˾ٻүүҪֶ֪ҲҪһ۵ģʹأˣˣҲʲô
ֺֻƱϾһ˵ǣķԾˡ
˵ȶǴˣûǡ͡ӣ벻˷̫ʱġҼʹ֮ʲô⣬ȶǿû˸ĻԼҪһ룬ֵҲ󽵵͵ġ

ĻѵҲƽ
[˵öԣѾиıˣֻҪԺı䡭]
ֱöݺݡ
[һܲǸɵֺƣ]
ʧЦ
Ѻһ
[Ϊ˱⣬ߣˣֱȥ⹫]
Ҳͬġ
ԭҰΪùļƺЩҪ¼ǻѭԭĹɷչôϢ߶Ƶ׵

Ѱѳ£ûȥֺһˡ
֪£ǺܿȥԸĿǰϢѩӯһֺǵж
ۿ綯ģر
Ժӵʱ˵״̬Ѿ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ΢΢ġ

ԺһŮ˵ѾˣȻȲԺҲʣϵļҲһغζ
سԹվԺﾲ̧ͷϵ
վԣ顣
̾˿
ͷ
Ȼ󡭡
[Ūɵֺư]
һѺȻ㶡
[԰ΪʲôھŪɵȣҪѾȥغԺٲ]
Ҳ㶣֮ǰ֪ôģҲû뵽ֱŪѡ
˵ڷóﲻֱӶֺ֣ƲǳŪУֺʵ𽥱öôǿҲһֻּԹ˲ϾҲûǿ߸
ԸȽأ˼άҲܣ󣬵˵ȥ̽һ°ɣϾߵǣ׷׻һöԸҶһЩ׼ȥģһ£һֲԾ̳
û뵽ô飬еż
[ǶΣհұ׼ôȥš]
ݸ̧֣ѵͷһҲûŪķ͡
ѵü
ëۿҪ󵨵ˡ
ȴ˵²ţпõţȥһЩ
ѵĻݡһֽȥռϷ硣
[㣬ҡҡ]
һű˵
[عѵģ]
̲סͷЦ
˵ģһعѡ
ѵˡ
磬۾ɵϴ
[죡ȥ죡أ]
ͳִһ͡
á

뿪ǰѰȫװ
ȴһܸ̽ĺɫ񣬵סԼκòϵ߽׻ڼף޶ȵص⣬ѻѶƵ͸ǼĴ⻯Ҳ磬ȷľ԰ȫ
ȻԼҲǺϧģԼ˰˽ױŮͻҲ
͸ѶԳ˵㲻õҵİȫҲ뿪ģκ˴ϢҶš
翴Сĵѣ΢΢ͷ
ʹƵ˱ãһҪ뿪Ҹ֮ϵģ˵һ㰵ʾҵļڣһλȵʵǿߣκβҡ˶٣ʹиһҲҪ뿪һԼ취ױɱ
һ֣ص˵֪ˡ
ϢλŮĿǰֺƵڵأȻ˿
ѵͷȻһ㣬һ㣬ʧڲãҹɫ֮С
Ůͻҳϵڵ᷿ſڣԱĶ൱衣
ȻǲɾҹȥĿģԼҹȻ֪ΪʲôǾûˣֻҪϾͺá


27 ԣ棩
ѿ뿪ķ, Ŀתġ
[֪ڵˣûΣգ]
[ȵӦóס˵ģȥеԶ, ܲ˵Ͳˣ]
[侲תת]
ķ൱ƽ˳һ, ȿܻȽ, ؼʱ̫ۣҲҡҲΪԪȽϴ, ûʲô߻ħΣա
Ȼһ˼
ôרעм俪ʼûΡ

ҹɫдɿûзһ˿
ȥķǰɽеϿ¿ջ

ջһʤڱһջ˺ֺܶ࣬ƲΪɬס, ҲּҼ֮ӣǮҲûСסΪּ֮ǰȽһһջջȥʱ, 
ֺƺ, һǰּҵļΪ֮ջܲסЩıȣȻֻּܱˡ
ѵĸоܣֺûа취, ֻٴȼһѻ棡һҪǿ, ǿ, ǿֻбǿˣŲ裡
ҲһҲûС
סֺ֮֮ⷢǰΪִԵҲסɺϵظڣ̧ͷͷ
ֺ룬ǸԡҪȼ©࣬ǿɰ̫ˡ

ſڷֺƺ֮ٯٯĶԻ
ţü
ݻ˼뿪ȶһ£ѡ˸ֺƴģҲȥ˱¥Ϊʯʱ׬˲٣ʯ̫ˣ¥һʱȻЩӴ
ֺƺ඼ǲϲˣڲǾ֡׼кʱѾȻȥˡ
ִ֣ܶʯܸɱģȶ£С̯Ա©ͬǮȥäϻٿϻֵ
äϻĶ̯ģ඼Ǵδ֪żڳģǲǱԱϡҲһЩöˡ
ֺƺäϻѾĶǽ֮ͭ࣬˫ļֵ࣬࿪һ׵ڵֺ򿪳һȭͷ¯ӵĶȷֵ
ȶ飬˵үүԼŹȥӦܵԼں߼棬мֵ㡣
Ǳ˴˷ֱֺƻջָȶǰϡ

Щء
ҪѵĹıһЩ£ȷ
ͱǽغֺƵʯֺƫȥäϻ
ϵĻֺƿǸҲһ
ղ½ͲۡǼҵСӺܵ£ȥרˣҲҪ
սپϽȥС
뵽缤ڼףһƽƽĴӣֱһ񣬺Ȼݶͬʱٶ£ֱֺŶȥһֻһ̣ѷϡոձֺϸϸ۲ǸäϻץС
ֺƴ󾪣ŭȵʲôˣ
ϱŷһŹΣպõסһ
簵һȻ
ͣһ˲ĶսǬ䣬˫մʼҹֺƣ
ֺƵϵǣսϻǺ츳ģ»Ȳľϵ׺ȴܽıؽӻײÿһζնաޱǱض㿪ػ
Ĺһαһθңǿѹǵأನ
ı޵ģڽκ󣬹â顣翴׼ᣬһֺƵұۣ
ǣһ죬ֺƵұ۶ˡŵؽҲȻ׹䡣
ǰ̣Ȼ߰˸ʱ䡣
Ƹ磡һҵᣬӵطų
ֻಡƿ֧֮㶾СԱĺģ

²ǸСѾߣûѧ汾µʱأ֮ö͵ϮȴǸͱ
ʼձž衣
˵˿߽ڼף²㲻ҲӦ޷ͻڼ׵ķףκʱҪСر»ǵİ檣ôΪزܿһ֧˳ץסֺƵļ򣬰˦ЩϮķ򡪡
ͫñɵˣ
ҲˣΨֻ˵Լҹӡ

̫죬ϱ۶ֺƸ޷ֻֿü˶ӣǱĿڵĶۡش̽˼
ֺƳʹһƺߡ
ʯ֮䣬ûɵţֺŲɲǣֳĺĳһơͷı仯أʱɱС
жֺҲӦǱ֣֮
Ҳǡǡ
ͬһʱ̣ȻһɴԴȣԶʤ磡
ʼûзſ
Ƿ·ܼɱֺʱͨë׶΢΢򿪣ӦΧɱ
Ȼ
αˣͨԪ˳ɹעڼС
ǹɴ߶ڸһʹڼ׵ķѸٷӣ赲˴վûжش
ͬһ˲һױ飬ըѿ㲻սԪעµ߽׼ѥգ֮䣬Ѿʧããҹɫ֮С
ݶ룬ٶȼ죬練Ӧ죬ʹ˲òֵֵױȥӪֺƺ£޷ȥ׷磬ûܿȥ
ȴͬʧ˲䣬ҴһۣƳˡ
һλ뷢԰סСߡ

ǿ߽֣ʤֻһ
߱ױ谭һѱѥڵԺС

ѴڱǿвС
ͻȻ䣬һȷֱ˶һɵ۾
ֻӭһ۵ĸߴӰᣬڼɲǣ˺ʵ̺
Ѷʱչ˹ȥ
磬ôˣ
޵ϣ¶һ˿ţæҵȥñ
ñק¶԰׵
Ѹˣæȥӣ֪˶صˡ
ᴭ˼ѵۣѱ𼱣û¡
ѺֱӵԱߣƵģôôǱ
籾ֻ˵ˣЩ𵴣ҪԪľԵôƣ
ڻǸ˵˻ûܰɱ
ҡҡͷҲûʧֻ˵Һû¡˱ʲôˣ
ҲʾѴ򿪳󷨺󣬾ͰԼġ²ģһһ˵
ݶֺƺѾ˵
ֺӹȥۿȴ˾¡˵ʵӦﵽ߽ףҺҴڼסױͼѥ
Ҳ²⣬Ǳ쵽ǰˣ÷Ϯֺơ
ԽüͷšԽ˵Ҳȷ£ɵֺĿǰ׶ǴġغĻԵ˵
ͷֿοʹһʱûҲұۣ˶֮ǸĺģõĶҩҲҪԿͷοմʱɾұǶϵòɴ࣬һЩͷʱ͸ˡ
ѵüͷɿо̹˺ܶࡣ
[ɵȻNɪ]
˵һԵҲֻܶȡһΡ
һ㶡
Ǭȡһֻϻӣѣ˵͸㡣
ѷӦ԰ո˵ˣֺǸäϻɲǼ䣬ۿɼغÿ˳ذϻӴ򿪣˵˵öԣһλԵһΣ
ˣдºͣ͵ҵֲ㣬ʱʱ̶ֺ̿ܰµ˱ضܶࡣֻҪֺɱģҲᴥЩйϸǿֻҪǲֺƸ߳󾳽߸һᣬһ𽥰ֺƵˡ˲޵ģֺƳٳٲµĻԵʱͿٴγԳˡ
Ѿرе
ã⹫Ҿ͸˵
ͷ
ֺʵеаţΣҲԼϵϻ˸󡪡٣Щ鰮ΪҪߵģտûǿвƵ۵ĵز
ͻȻ䣬ֲˣʵô
⻯
ҲʼԾ
[Ҫ⻯Ͳˣ]
һ٣ﶸȻ˺ܶ뷨绯һֺױ¶ѵݣ򲻵òõȵ֮ġվҲֻǳϿҵصǸ˵´λõġ
Ѻһ
[⻹࣡]
Ȼ̲סһۡ
[֪ںҡ]
[Ǹɵܹ죬뱣ߵƲŲһʼóƵġ]
[ңǲˣ]
磺
룬ѵ֣
ֵһۡ


ڶ и-СѸ֧ 


28 Ƴ
̶, Ѱäϻ׼ͷ⹫Ȼһ߳˳ᡣ
ǻһȺʱڱ֮, λ˳
ѳͷ, Ը˵û, Ǹ°ɡԺе, , һͬ˱뿪
æӦ, ӡ
ţ磬صԼķ䡣
ҷҡ
磺
бں˼ʲô
е㲻ڡ
˵˯˯齡
翴ԼĵģһůӦá

ط
һװ, Լĳϡ
ԱߣʼǬͶ
ˮεʲôţһ, һֹ¶ȽºͰ, ˡ˻С
գۼ, ϱ߰˵ı, Ľ׵ģҩЧº͡
ôȥܹ˲, ҩȫԼŶж, ûһ, ˱ҩĿϾӡ
еܳˡ
͵ò, ¶ı飬һָЩ˵ҳԵ
Ӳϣ¶һ˿ΪЦݡ
á
ѿЦе㷢ȣһŤͷ˯ԼĴϣֱͷŵظ˱졣
͵
ˣ˯ˡ
΢ؿǹıӣӦá
һѵǣѵһƬհס
ͺ˼ϵˣ
ûٶ룬ذ˱ҩһһ¡
ÿһƾͺתһ֣ȻҪڶ̶̵ʱﳹȬˡҩʣ
ɴϥµҩҲա
һʱ̧ۡ
Сһȴȣ˯ˡ
߹ȥѱ쳯¶Ѻ˯ݡ
Ȼӡ
ûһ֡

峿ԵɵɵۣͼڶǸһҹδߵģʱĵ˵˵ˣô˯
ıҩҩЧ̫ãѾȫˣ㲻Ҫǡ
ѣ˭ˣ
ݸ˵ҿ󡣡
һߵǰס󡪡ȻȷʵɱϾҲˣߵŻ˽ġ
һ鿴ȷѪʢûһǰ֮ࡣ
Ǵˡ
ץ̽һ˦
Ѹ֪ݣ죬óһ
ҡҡԼҲҡҡڰڵȥ
ϽҪˣ
á

ŮǺͻԺȺ򣬳ͻҲι˳ʳ
ǰһѯʣӣ׼ˣҪã
Ѱڰ˵ٳԣʱءɨһͻǣԸЩҲòǡ
ӦǣӡؽԵջ
ûжԣһ̧֡
űʳеŮǾͶĺ棬ûһ
˱
ȥ
žŮǡǡ
˶ڳϺشӽһ룬Կ·
Ȼ浹Ԫʯ
һ˲˽ױڿնȥ֮죬ƾŲƵģһУѾе֮⡣
ֱȥ

Ƶ۹СƳǡ֮ۼǿߣΪһصأʮֿ¡
ַ⣬ڳǼΪʳǣռǧ꣬鲼Ĺ԰֡ۡԴءԪԼһЩ𡢽ֵеȵء
ǧǰƵ۹ԡơΪţ֮ܳΪ۹ռػ綫Ƴǹ׷չ
׷չ񺣾ǿߣΪ̰ǿߴϲǿ֪ȥпأ߻ȡԭղԴ߳ˮ֮УҲǿȨ֮ðͷͬʱʱǿĨ˿ս٣ͼ룬ȴÿÿ֮ǰ
ֱһλСﶫơǿߺճͬľɱ׷չЩɱǿߣ׷չΪƹ
ƹ׷չķ棬˵ǿӵдԴǶս̽޼ɵߵģһ֮¡󱳾ȻΪ߲ǿϣǿҲӦȨͬʱǿҲһ̶ϱӻԼϵߡ֮ˣһΥƹȣͻܵƲãǼǿߣֻҪԽƹλǿߣҪԼ
Ӵˣ˴Ϣأ˿࣬ǿҲԽԽࡣ
СҲӣЩпĹʱƽ͡
ﶫƺϲؽҲ֮ɨĵԴԼйʵҲúܿ졣
ȥʵƽʥ̥۷壬ֻһɾȴǧѡûĻԵ޷һ
ʱ򣬶ƹҲ˶Ƶ۹չռƶ½֮ࡣ
·ﶫƻδﵽ߾磬ȴطܶݱ˲żüáھӪʹڶƵ۹Ϊټƶ½Ķ֮һ

ڶȡ׷չʱﶫȻһΪ˶ƹԴɽΪŮɫһ²ġŶƹţʱչأǸ˼
׷׽ɺ󹬣ܺҲ÷ֹܹ£Žɵ۹ڸϵġʳڵˡ
ǧﶫʵǿʹŮɫŮЩУЩȥΣն䣬ЩԵزЩŮ̫Ȼˡ
ŮŮƻҲΪ˷ǳӴȺ塣
ڣŵŮʮλаλʵǿﵽ񺣾ҼǿƵĶ壻ӪȨΪǿ󡪡⾭Ӫɴ֧֧֡֡ǵֵֵ֧ܽȡ
λʹŻİ˹ǿÿһλţΪ
˪ǷﶫСŮСĺӡ
ڷ˪֮󣬶Ƶ۾ûŮˣ붫ƵûйأҲŵʵԽԽǿŮϼйء

һ߳Եģһ߶϶ظ⹫ҵ˼ʹϵ
⹫ʮ߸ӣܶ඼ǱޣôˡȻȥˣûչصĴ඼һң͵һ𣬸üӦöʱһƺΪСӻŮģ˶о˸ĸ
ͷӦǡ
˵ĸҵŮԭҲǸ壬ܽ͵⹫ߡ˵ãһȥûܴﵽͬȾģͿʼ躹ˡĸĸʱȻڣȴѾڶ֮Сĸľ粻ߣΪྫĸ׸ռǲþȥˡĸͬѪҲûˣĸ׸ҵĹϵ廹֧ļλ˹λ״ҲֻǹϵһһԶѡĸȥʱһ͹ЩԪʯ⹫ҺãƺûټˡÿȥҲҵС̽ңмҹϵУȴҲ˶ѡ
룬ǶҲ̫׽˼


29 ñط
Ѽ˵һδ, Ҫ֪ǵġ
ʣŰݷã
ҡҡͷ˵ڡҪǻҵСң˵һҪû, һҼС
綼һһ¡
ָ署Щ⹫ĸǡǵ¡жءĳЩôദˡСҲȥĺܶϢȴȻģֻǲ̫, ԳǱҪᡣ
ѺȻѵǰ˸˸ĸҪε֮λ, ܻ̽£һ֮, 㶼ᡣ, ¶Щᷳı飬Щҿɲ룡
ݸ, Сۡ
ڵԭͱȾӻﶼҪʹ࣬Ҫʲôʲôα鷳أ󵽵˭˵λûϵϾذѵǶƵۣԶƵ۵ľ, յλϵδܻù
ٹһЩͷ簵ԼʵҲȥˣʱ¶Ƶ۶ѵĹذۿۣҲܻ, λСԶôˡ
񡭡
һģЩ˾Ҫѵܳ, ǰûȤЩ, Դ, ⻹, ʱѾˣû˷ѵġ

֪䣬Ƴǵˡ
ӴĳǳرȻмǿķ˵ݱȴͨ裬ڳſŶӡܼġ
ʱǴһˮǳ΢
Ҳһ̣λӸλ֮˶쵽ĳһλڹȨļһִʳˡ

ʳƴ
ߴ˶ԡѪĳಢʮӢȴһڳ˵·Ԩһ㣬Ծȥ
ˮڲݣչƵģڳµɺ֮
ϲƬƣ¶Ĺ༡ϣÿһ綼ѶѪľڲϵعĶѪҺԼٶʡײҪͻƤŷƵģԵʮ·޾ʹࡣ
ȴƽβɽʯ
ԼһУڲϵԪ
Ԫ
ϸȥͻᷢԡѪĶǷ˿˿ѪҺǶ߽ޣѪҺ֮һ
߽ѪȻǺмԪġ
ϸȥ۲죬ֻᷢӵΧһȦۣƷԪʯʮ֮࣡
ЩƷԪʯԪڲϵرȡͬƵĺϱС

Ȼ䣬˫ۡ
ʱâ˶ǽϡ
ǽϳһǿķ󷨣һʹ⣬ǿǿ
ˣ̵ıɳһĨڡ
һץһϮٿȻϡ
ͬһ˲䣬Ѿվ˳رߡ
ˣ¶һˬʵЦݣȻãԽȥȥˣҪޱˣ
һкһȰӰٿس֣糺ۣòᡣ
ҲǸòӣɫ԰ף˿ϴźЦ⣬ºͺ͵ӦǸȥӭСˣҪȼˣɺ岻á

ˣǶƵ۹ĵﶫƣͲǰȥ̽ѵļԽ
ѵĳݽʳǵһɲǣǶӦ
˿̣ȲȥǸС

ѵĳƿֱʳǣǰ󲻹ʱ䡣
һ˲һɴϯ·һֻεĴ֣ҪУ
һ䣬еԪϷӿҪ֡
ȴ֪Ƶģպס߸˵˵⹫ˣ
һӿķٿȻй
ţƮƮأǱߣȴûһ𶯡
ܣٶȱƽˡ
æϣĲԡ
źȻ֣ݾͣһΡĹ⡣
Ҳһ̣ɿֱֱسһΪӢӻ
λǡ
ͫ΢ë
ÿµǿߣÿֲѹ
ãλǿ߳
λضǶƵۣ
ǶƵ۹Уϵĵ
Ƶ§ѳϾ˾٣翴һۡ
һﲢûʲô⣬ƺֻش
ȴͷƤ飬ȻһҲ޷Ų
ֱ
ֱһ
⹫Һ㣡
ǰûúµġü˵ѡ
ڱ£ϰ߲ˡ
طϲ֮⣬ѻߺߵڸ״⹫㲻֪ҿ챻۸
Ƶۿѵĺ󱳣ǴȰ
˭۸СѣǸӢӣֺƣ⹫⹫һس
Ѻߺ󣺡ӢҶˣǸֺơ
Ƶѵͷ飬ȴһ˿ɱûϵ⹫˵
ѵͷȻԼδ򣬸ϽԴ⹫ĻγŤͷ֡
[]
綨˶סһ˿Լǿѹıܿ־壬ص˹ȥ
룺Σʱ¶ӡ
ƵۿҰԵСӣ΢΢ס
Խ˵һǸ׵ġ
ĶƵҲƽϣСӲŶʮͷֻƷ־
繧˵ݼ𡣡

ѵضԶƵһͨܣ൱죺Ҵ·ϼ񵽰ģ㿴ǲǱɵֺƺÿˣ
ƵۺЦͬ
ȻǺǶλһ˵βǡҲմ˲Ѫľ׳꣬ҲȷʵȽ͵͡
ѸˣŶƵ۵СۺٺЦ
һԿţое졣
Ȼ֪Ƶۺܳ谮ѣȴûദʱȻͨ˼ҵǢͨүүİСģ
ҲǣڶƵǰõֿİ֮飬Ҳ˹Ρ֪Ǵ֮󣬺ԥؾҪ߶Ƶˡ
ߴߴظƵ۽˲ٹ¡ܶʵԽѾƵˣԼｲ£ƵҲûһ㲻ͷһֱЦݵ
һ˵һߡ
ûкһ
糯ͷûǰԽһںЩȥǶԾñط

Ƶ˽˵޵дѣ⣬ֻмԽᾭ
ϰΪںĵ̺ϣץһֽӹԽݹİٻơɲŪǧֲͬƷ׵Ļ౦ҩƶɡζʱԽԽ񣬾Ҳºͣѵһȵľơ
Խȥ׼ʳġ
ûϰյʱ䣬СӾͰ˵ԱߣŲͬƷ׵Ĳ˵㣬ǷǳʺϸԾġ
籾Щʴӣ˵سҲû飬˳һߣҲطԼ
Խڿ࣬ʱ׼
翴൱ĳֿһ۸ֲãټɨ޵ݻޱȵİ裬ΪʲôôˡȫǱƵ۸ģֱԴ̵ġ
氡
⡣


30 ⹫
Ƶ˿ķ, תͷ, º͵ʣող˵ֺ۸ʲôˣô
Լ飬ƵǺ˽, ֪Ĵֲǳ, ôظ״һˡ
һֺơ, ͺܲɫҲѿ
⹫, μŹ, кҪҪ˵ġߵս˵ȭͷ, ֱ꣬⹫㲻֪ʶ֮ǰǸϣ˸ֵΣԤʾҵδǸδùˣ
˵, ΢ͣͣ
Խִܶ磬׼ȥ
Ƶȴֹ̧˵Խûرܡ
ҲμԽ, û, ֻ¹ش, ǵõ⹫С⹫Ҳ֮СϾԽ⹫ĸǲͬġ
ԽҲ⹫ġ

𿴶Ƶ۴׷չʱǹ¼ҹһ, Ǵʯͷĳ, ҲݡСʱ, ǱһλѪԵԶľү, Ǿүи, Ͳ࣬ȴ곤һһ𳤴󣬱ѡ
үȥƵ۳ȥλȴڼ磬ȢˡƵżȥ̽ȴû뵽һһᱻ˰㣬ǰֻüѸոճļԽͳ
ƵΪ˳𣬼ʱҲûӣͰѼԽ׶
ԽǶƵʵϵġӡ
֮ϵͳǼԽ죬ڹϰ˶ƵۺܶæΪǵλΪס˺ܶ౻Ů
˵ˣԽ֮ĵطԵ֮ĹϵԽ׸ο⻹ǵλƵŮıġûĹҲѹûƵǣЩŮǾܻᾴظףȴƫĸ׺ңϾǺܶ˵ĸףĸȴֻԼͼͬ׵ĸףҪȡôȫ֧ǡ
ѻûʱΨԽͷ˪ذѶƵ۵Ψһˡ˪˸ԽȴѹûȤһ£ȫЧҶƵϡ
ֻܰﶫƵ۰µġεĸԽ֮һҪټϵ򣬼ԽΨһ
һε£Ѻ⹫һ֮뻹ǻüүүġ

ѱǸسԽЦЦ
Խ⣬Ҳ¶Ȱ顣
ȻѼ꣬һ߱꣬һ߻ɫؽΡ
类ѵʽ嵽
Ĳȫͳƣÿ˵仰ͱȻһ䡰ɵֺơÿֺƵһ檣ͻ̽ϸôʵĿ̶̱ȣͿǰ檵ûھƹͶƵۣÿ˵һֻļªͼóָָ㣬˳ֺơ
ƵۺͼԽú棬糣ŵĲһδͨ¡
һʱѳһ
˵ˡ
Ƶûж˷赭дƳһ磬赭д˵СӸһ֪
һͬʱҲЩŹ֡
εԺѵص𣿲ˡȻҲ֪һ֪
治ѵ⹫
ƵǱһЦ˵⹫ҲرİʲôҲסġ
ǶƵۼʶ㣬Ҳ΢΢һȻüСѣ
ѹ̾һˡ⹫㲻֪̫ˣңҲ߰£
ƵüŶ
̾˿ؾͱȽʵˣ˵һأûˡ
ƵۺͼԽźۼɨ硣
ֻרעؿѣüۼһ˿ϰΪΡ
Ƶתӻϸ˵˵
Ѿ׼˵磬Ҫ˵©ĵطҲŶ
ͷ׼ġ
ƵۺͼԽһϵͳᡢԡˡͬߡһһҪڶԪĹѪı¡
ʱʱеʶУʱظ䡣
ƵۺͼԽıŹµķչ仯Ե൱
еһѾĸо
֮ǰֶܶԶƵ̹׵龰Ѿúܺˣȴûϵ̻ôġࡣ
˵һУƵһ֣̬Ⱥ˵ˣ֪ˡСӼҼҵģƽԼͺãٶġ
ѶʱȻ֮ǰ˽ĻְһЩ²Ҳظһ飬Ͻǿ⹫һҪ˶ɵֺΣвٺöأ߲Ķ϶ҲǺõģǮǮҪܶذãҲûʲô
ƵۺЦģһʱĺö⹫ָ㰡
Ѹ˼ˣ˳˵Ǿ˵ˣ룬ָȻһ£ҲҪʺϰģӦֵġ
Ƶе㷺ˣѵһ£ʣСѲ⹫⹫ҲԸСѵֵġ
̴չȥԴϲ˲䣬ӱ﷢ճĺߺ绹⹫ԶأҲŻġ⹫ˣɵֺƵĶ⹫ðҶ⹫ģ͸⹫ġԺҸҵöˣһТ⹫
Ƶ۱ĻŭţչնЦ
ҲϲЦտ
[⹫úˣ]
粻Ծһۡ
ƵüСʲô
ʶſڣּʱӦ첻˵
ӣСС˵⹫ҪŻ硣
Ƶѵͷ
Ѷʱˣ˵ҾǾ⹫ܺú壬ҵĻŲ˵ģ⹫Ҫѹ
Ƶ¶Ц
Ҳ˿
[⹫ԽԽѺˡ]
ѵе㸴ӣеů⡣
룬ѵѲ֪װ϶֪Ϊ˱ⶫƵۡܡǲ֮һĿԣȥ塣һƬ֮ģҲǵ׺ԭ֮һɡ
򡪡Լ̬ϵת䣬ֺγԵأ

ýĶˣش˸Ƿ
ƵȻƣͶԼԽ˵ԽȴСȥԺЪϢɡǱһпɰźˣס
ÿһѹƵ۶ôʣÿһΣԽش𣺡ģʹȥʰˣСڹȥʱ򡣡
Ƶ۵ͷ˵СһЩʡ
Ȼ̧ͷ⹫
δģ
ƵָĶͷֺЦ˵İɣ⹫۸Ұ硣
ګګأӲС˵Ŷ
˿磬ֿƵۣ졣
Խ֣º͵˵СӣԺɣ
֡ŶһɼԽһͷߡ
[úñְԺ㡣]
糯ͷһֱĿıӰԶȥ
ȳ׿ŻعͷенƵ˸

е֣ڶƵҪʱϵûеԼȫһ֡ϱšĽŸС
޹ġ


31 Ը
ֻʣ¶Ƶۺˡ
Ƶۻ˵˹, ɡ
ʵʵˡ
Ƶ۶һ裬һڣ̬, ȴһ塣
ⲻΪߴԶ, ԭͻЩѹ֣ټʵ, ΢Ȼ, ͻϡ
ո֮պãΪĵСڣնѡ
Ƶ۳˵ΪСѿ, Ȼɱ, Ҳڹһжҵƿ֮С
û˵, ⡣
ˡǺҪ, Ԥ֪˿Դ̫ණˣҲԱ̫ܿΣ, ôܷߵεֻѾǼĿݣյĻֱɱ
˵, ͬƵӴ۹ĵ, Ӧöֵġ
Ҳ, Ƶ۷ǳ˵ǿ˵, ȴԸʹй¶, ҲͬȾ³Ϊʤһ
ǿżǿ־, ܾ, ȴҲ϶ԼΪǿߡ
ƵʵҲΪ, ֪־ϵͳ󣬾͸ˡ
һʲͲ㣬һһ߲ˣ
ѵ̬ȶ⡣
ƵٿȻ¶һЦݣ㣬Ϊ¡
繧˵Ը
Ƶ۵Цⲻ䣬˵ĻȴϿҪǩԼ۷ʲô£˺ѣؽжԸ⣿
ûпǣֱӴӦԸ⡣
ƵҲû뵽ôɴ࣬üë˵ƣȻ⣬պ仯ֻʲôѣܵԼʹΪʹˣҲԸ˱㣬ûвʣ
̹Ȼ˵ԸҲûвʡԶƵ⣬ͼ˵ԭͲ˺ѣûв𡣼ʹպʲôʡδ֪ԵԴ䡢ңҵֺһƬϣҲֵԶǵ꣬ȥֺ
𲻹Գȭȭ֮ģһ϶ѣĽ֮ϲ֮ȴʵûʲôɲʵģҲǱȡ˵˶٣Ѹص뷨Ҳ˵˳ҲҪڵ⣬Լʱ⡣
ĻǷģûа١
ıģʣԼ·һ˶飬ô֪̫أ˻˵Ҳǵġο˵ӴƣиǰΣǰ֮
ֻԼһˡȴԼԼߵԼƲƽ⣬ĿǰԼ⣬ûʲôԸѵˣʵ㹻ǰ̸֡ǱƷѵֹƽԾᣬ
ңǸδѵ

Ȼ־ᶨߵԪ̫ˣ־Ҫ߷壬ͻиԶʱ䡣Զ䣬ߵ־ͨ׶ҡɻ̫Ժôȷиһ
еֺƣҲδһʼɱѣǳöѻ
ĵȷȷԼѵ⣬Ϊյϡ
ҪԼģҲⲿ

Ƶ˼Ц̯ơ
֮ڣһССľᣬɢɫĹâ
Ծᡣ
ľֻͬǲרڶ飬ǿհ׵ľᡣǻԼڶ˫ԸؽϢںϺ󣬾ͻתΪᣬʽɻ飬ӴٲܸġĿհ׾ȴвͬдԺĵߵѪٻԳؼ֤
Ƶ۽򿪣ָɱʣд
Լһʱύ硣
ͷһе졣
ԭдĲǶƵ֮ǰ˵Ͽ̶˺ܶࡣ
ģĻ⣬һΥԣ٣Ϊˡɱ֣Լͻᱻɶ
Ƶº˵һԣղԤϣڣȴ֪㽫ʱ⣬ҺοҲҵȻˣҵȻ̫˺ԣ󴥣ʱʱϸ֦ĩڣҲƣ׵

ȷʱѺȻ֣㲻˺ʱ־壬ǸƤСһƤë㲻˺ٱһЩԵʣʱ׿ԼȥӭУˤˣ㲻˺ǰģֻ¶ģ˾Ҫ籩УҲ̫ԩһЩ
οôԩˣҲùġ

粢û뵽ЩƣֻҪպСģѴԱԼıڼ֮࣬Ͳ˵ԷԼҲûôױСȻˣ¶⣬Ըѡ
͸ԥˣֱӵѪھϣֽٻ١
ţһεԼϣֺܿʧ
Գ
ףԼʧˣһģͻӦĴ
ƵۿžʧҲһִȰ
缷һĨЦݡ
ˣ齩꣬Цݱˡ
ƵݸһЦЦҲǿ֪ľأҷﶫƵǰеȨġ
һ㶡
Ƶüô
ʵش𣺡Ҳ˵ƵĻ
Ƶ۲ЦˣҲãСȻҵġ
֮һ˿Уڴ
̼ȫˡ
ԥһ£ǿڣ𣬻һ£Ҫ̡
Ƶ۵ʡ
һʵոҲͬġ
Ƶ۶磬ʵʲôƽ͵ػش𣺡оŷ⣬һ֣ҿաǲͬģԼ֮껹ûǷϣʶǽΪϣҲദԸҲδ֪УСǧãദ󣬶Ҫϲˡ˵ദʱջ̣ϲĴҶЩʹ죬ֻܶϿɡֻ֮˴йأҲ谭˼ܹҪһᡣ˵˫𣬡ڣΪ֮£֪ͬ
΢顣
һʱ鸴ӣݡ
ⶫƵۣĸԭΪĲһ
е

Ժ
ڻʳḶ̶́䲼ָҵԺһģһǶƵģΪľסϰߡ붫Ƶ۵޵Ҳ൱Ƶ۵УֻһôȨ˪ҲûСϾǸŮӣԼס̫е㲻㡣
صԺѾûһֱתһתڵĹڲϵת
ҲΪϲתֻƲסصܶ뷨Ҫ²⹫˵ʲôʲô಻ðӦһ˳һˡ
ꡭԣǶһ˲һꡣ
ԽŮǷֱԱߣѣ鶼Щ졣
ѵõ龰ǰûСء

ŹһңԺűƿˡ
Ƶۺ˽
һתͷպÿһǰһͦ˿
ƵۺЦôģ
ѲһЦģ
[⹫˵㻰Ȼúõģ]
Ҳ˿
Ƶ۽̸ʱѹûԹŲȻһֱûѵڴɱֺƵĵڶ죬ͻչķΧڰڵġƵ۵޵Ժ
ûѵ֪Ƶ۵ĵ̱ضǰȫģҲЩǹҡ
ۿˣŷ
ͦõġ


32 ⹫Ľ̻
ܺõһһ, ѶƵۺ綼Լ޵ȥ
Ȼʹһ˺ʵĵ̺ϡ
񣬸ڶƵ۵޵ʱһģһġ
, ѺȻеүү, Ҳѽ
ԽҪ֮ǰһȥ׼͵, ôһ, ͵Դ˵˼仰֪ⷿĶ䡢׼һЩʳĵȷ˺δơ
ţЦݣ˽
ͬϯض
ֱůڵġ
ѿƵֿۣ, Ĺâ
[ú氡⹫ոո˵ʲô]
[Ϥܶ, ⹫԰粻]
[ʲô]
һ˿Ц⡣
Ƶüͷ΢, ˵ʲô
Ц˵⹫~~
ƵҲЦˣҲ£ҶС˵ʲô
۾ɴ
[⹫֪]
е˵סˣûȥ⹫Ū
Ƶ۹Ц㶼дˣ֪ܲ𣿡
ʶ, Ӧ, Ҳ, ʵǰʲô⹫Ҳܲµ
ԽһҲɵЦ
Ƶ۶, Ҳûӣһ˵, Ѹոĵ¸ѡ
ûд϶Ƶ۵Ļ, ֻԼ⹫Ľ, һüһչһеˣһɫ΢졣
ȶԺ̾˵⹫Ҹ綩ʱԼͺˡ
ﶼףԼ⹫ǾǸȫգԲŶһر֤⹫Լء
뵽̲סƵǱ߿˿
һת־Ȼ⹫ܰǰԥʹӦҲǺܺõˣ͵۳˳硣
ͣҲЦ⡣
Ƶ΢΢üСӴ˿̵ЦݣǲôӲˡ
ᣬŮ衣
൱ֱ׳ѵü棬⹫ͼүүԷɡ
ƵЦҲãԽЩҪ죬ǰ
˵ҲȺȥ
Ƶס
ԽҲһЦӦ
֮˼䣬ҪǶƵѯҹÿĲģ»ϵļôơ
һһشˣܽ᣺ӢֹӢӺöˡ
ƵѾ֪ѶӢӵķɣеϧ⹫ãڿʱӦ͵͵ɱ
еڣСﱻ״󲮱ѣζһ⡣ҪǲôԸΪӢӷﵽʲôҲˣҲˡ
ȴ⣬ˬ˵ôܹ⹫أ⹫ҲѵŲġ
Ƶ۶˶١ʵǵҪŪ
ŮǱߵףһⱻС﷢״СԼͲˡСȻǰӢӵŲģ
ое΢
Ƶȴ΢΢һЦϧŲԼˡ
Ѱڰ֣е˵׵ŲҲõˡ˵ô䣬úõĶõġ
Ƶ۲ɫ˵ȷʵ۹á
˸߲ңǰɣǰɣİܺá
ƵۺЦͣǣǡ
ȴ룬ԭ˪ŲָСѶµĻԼѹֵС£Сֻ߳ŭȴҲûС
Ա߿ĶԻţȻѺ͵е񣬵λСӵӸ˼

ԽĵƷ裬ǣЦȥˣһǰϻӵһƬ⡣
ѺٺһЦȻ۾һ뵽ʲôƵϱȻ£ʵүүǲǸǡǸǸ
Խֵ̿ͷ˵ǸǸ
Ѷˣʱ֣࣬˵༾үүˡ
ԽȰ˵ģµġ
һƵۺͼԽοΡ
ѱѾˣٴεõػҲɶ¶һЦݡ

Խ뿪Ƶ۲ʣѣڹã
룬˵ȰѸʶ˶ʶˣȥﵽһ䣬׼ݳȥˡΪɵֺƵ£ֻ˸Ϲû湻أòϡ
Ƶ¶Ƶı飬˵Ҳ⹫𣿡
̺ʳĵ¶̫ˣҾֻϲ⹫ˡߡӣȻһͷӨ׵ӺڷƵģҪ⹫һȥɣڻʳչضİһֲᵢʲôȻԺҲѽ
ƵһָָԼ⹫ȥ棿
ȻԼ˸⣬ܵ˵⹫ûҳȥǸҪǻʳʲôҪ⹫ö£үү⹫Ϣģ⹫ʵʱಡһ¾ͻȥˡ

ʵϣ²Ϊ֮
ΪӴ۹ľʳǱƵ۴Ͱһ㣬ܲ͸磬ֶΣһеϮЩֶξͿЧķ°빦ټԼԽı£̫ܵ˺
ԻʳΪģЩɢȥκγܵ񺣾ϵĳѸٲ跴ӦӻķΧܴﵽ۹
ȻһԣʹƵ뿪Ҳת˲ͻع飬ҪǡʱͻȻǿ߿Ʋסڵ۹ĳϴֻǷйǵʹˣӡƽɵ˺ȴޱȾ޴
Ƶûдﵽ񾳽磬겻ܳΣʱ޷ЩΣҲ޷
Ϊֻ޷ʱߡ
ȻʱļʾͺСˡ
ֻǶƵΪ𣬻ҪЩԼȷΣȻڱչأҪֳһ˿ġ

ƵۺЦܣ⹫߲
һ㶣ʶʣʳдҪˣûڰ
Ƶ΢΢ҡͷ˵СϻۣһԵɡ
Ѿ˼
Ƶʾ磬Ҳһ롣
Ϳʼˡ
һʱ벻˵²⣬ҲƵ۷񶨡
Ƶ۸˽𣺡ڻʳǣЩ˲ŲҶƵ۹ƽһȥ
Ѻһۡ
˶ǴˣٶͶˡ
ɫ΢죬ʵʵ˵ˡ
ָ˶ȥŶƵۣûֻеؿһۡ
ͬʱҲϴ
ƵһЦʲô
С²ʵ̫ˣǶ̫ˣȲҽŵСССӣʶҲܵʵƵġ֮ܶɱңҰ⣬һЩƳֵġ
Ѻ綼ûмЩ񺣾ǿ߳ɵɱҲ޷ֻ֪һǼѡ
Ƶº˵ض룬ֻǼȻһһôʹպִҲԼҪ˼޹ƽ񡣡
Ѻ綼Ӧ
ʵϣ⹫Ѭ£׷ֺƴʱҲû޹ƽ£ǲмСҲ˺ƽ
ǳĽ̻壬˶Ըġ

һȥ²Խ⹫ͦ¶˵γȥӰ̰ȥĵط¼Ȼ͸⹫
Ƶû뵽С˵ⷬҲһɲǵĻ㱡ûκ˷
ٿȻǼԽǺŮǣСʱԹΪġ۰СŮͽҲôϲˡ
ֻСûб
Т˳Ҷ׽ǳ
Ƶ۴Ȱѵͷ˵ã⹫͵СѵӰˡ
˵Ҫȥþõģ⹫õȡͨĿԲżҪϺÿˣ¼⹫ͻ
ƵϰԼС뷨ת˲䣬Ӧţá
ü䣬Ҳˡ
[簢磬ȥĵط࣬Ҫ֪ãҰ]
΢΢صͷ


33 ػ¯
Ｘš
Ƶ۲ѺܴȰ, ҲܺͰһλ𣬾ȻĻӣֻһϵѴ, һЩָ㡣
Ůһֱںæµ½ƫõĲɫ׼׵
ʱ򣬼Խˡ
۾, ʵүүôˣ
Ƶ۶ԼԽ΢΢ͷ
Խ̷º뿪ּڵĸ󷨣»ش׼֧Сӣо͵Ķ, ߵΪ־ֻСֻ, ÿ컻һΣ߶ͬ, δɻ顣˶, ȵֵĳɾ־ʱȥ
㶣ӣȻӦ, ͷ, ԶԶ, үүöԣǸöȥҶ, иŮȻˣ

ֺƻǺŮӵĺø, ˵氮Ƿϵֻһ֪ԼøСǰʵȴкüСŮֺͻȻ֮, ϧһС֮䲻벻ġ顱, ֺʹȴ־ġйŮŮֶŮŮߡ

ѸϽʣǸŮôŵģ
ԽЦδѵ, ϸҲܷȷ־, ʺ˰ˣȥ治ҪƹպҪˣҲȥ
ѷߺߵؿʼԹɵֺһ·ϵôˣЩȻÿζֻʵһ߸һģӲɵܶΣңÿζ˹ȥɵҪôˣҪôͻȻðؾˡ˵ͷ߷߲ƽˣˣ
ƵۼﱻͺСѱ⹫㱣֤ǵֺĻԵ۴С󶼹ǡ
ѺһŸ
ȻͻȻһ£Ӵóäϻ򿪷˶Ƶ۵ǰ˵⹫ǰģҪ⹫ҼģҲˡ
ƵǸ΢΢졣
ԽҲϳѿڶػ¯
Ѻʲô
ƵҲ¯ӵĶشػ¯һ߽׹űǿԶʱһλ񺣾ǿߵıֻҪװֵػ𣬾ͿԽڲ컯¯Ȱ˽׵Ļ棬ɱˡ⣬ɱˣĻҲܻΪƣѵץ¯Ҳÿ챻ػ濾ǳʹࡣ¯ӵʱˣҲõ˱ĥرѺ
ѡۡһ˵˸ɵȵĲȻ
ƵЦ¯ֻһֿҪϨĵػ𣬲ʱιĻ͵ˡ¯ӵƷȫػһֵػ¯ӣŸĽױࡣ
Ʋ죺ˡȡǡľһأá
ǡӳһصʵһصĵֵ
[Ǹɵȣ]
ϰΪѶֺƵÿ̸۵ʱûϹҺ΢ǣҲЩøС
Ƶ۽ػ¯ݻѣЦ˵ǸĶϲȥ棬⹫Щػˡ
߰˽׵ı٣Եػ¯ûȤתͷԼδ磬ҪҪԵġ
óǵʱҲõػ¯ͬȤ󣬺ο⻹ҪƵ۰ĵػáҡλСóҪǻǹⰭ
ֻѲ˵£漰İΣ綼ǲġ
ѡ񸽺ѣܵͲ̫Ե
Ѿתְѵػ¯Ƹ˶Ƶֱۣ׳˵̫ҺͰ綼Ҫ⹫ʹ͸˭ɡ
ƵҲ⣬ֻǵ٩СҲ̫˳ѡ
Ťͷ˳ҵ𣿡
˶٣û˵
Ѷˣе㷢ȣڵض˶
[Ҳÿζ˳ң]
糯ЦЦ
Ѹˡ
Ƶ۰һжȤؿˡ
ѵ˶ƵһۣŤŤ£⹫۸ң
ƵһһЦļԽʵԽ㿴ػ¯͸˭ʣ
ԽԼĽ飺¿ǿΪһ񡣡
⻰һڳ˶ĿͶ˹ȥ
ԽЦݵǵѣһǧ߰ʮٳڼս䲻ȥ궼һλЯǰλ񺣾ǿߣǻ𷨣߽׵ĵػ¯νʮϡ
Ƶü¡ÿʮһٳһ㣬øϡ˵СѲȥݵķ羰ĸпգͽȥʱ
ѱͦȤɫȻеᣬţǸݰҲȥġ
ƵۺЦȥҲȥôǶûȤòģӡ󲻺ã

ѸƵȷݣҲȷȥˣǾͲεٳʮˡ
ʱֺѾС򣬸Ѵʵñӳ嶥ƮñӳʮѵҥҲֺƾÿһطҲѾ򵥵شֺƼ١ЩСһӳ˻飬˸ƨֱӰɱˡ
Ϊܸʹ㣬ڷ
Ҳʺá࣬ڶƵ۵İ£ʵͻͽ
ֺҲһʼŹ򣬱˺˴ɱ
Ǵ׷ɱһֺ֣ӵˣƣҲˬͻص˶Ƴǡ
ƵۼԼдŲ
ˣȥɢɢġݲڶƵ۹ڣãֻҪЩĵˣӦþתһˡ
ѲԸ⹼һ⣬Ÿµȥˡ
ֺƵĻ켣һֱڶƵ۹ڣԶٽƵ۹һƬϵļСǻûȥݡ
ȥڼ䣬Ҳûֺص£һͣϢһӡ
Ҳ̫ƽˣѶӡộ»صƵ۹󣬾ͼ׷ɱֺơ

˵ҲСȻѸٸŤͷ磬˵磬ܶطͦģҴȥ氡
Ц⣬΢΢ͷ˵ãʱˡ
ѵ˵֪ͺá
ƵദҲţֶֻԼԽԸ˼䣬Լǳ˵ػ¯⣬Ҫ˽Щһȥף٣ǰ˸ЩڹЩչ˲㣬Щпơ
ԽЩָƣôӦĴӦ
ûãҡˡ
Խ󷨴򿪡
ԭǴѯǷˣ֪ʱͺͽȻ룬ɫһһϡ
һ֣⹫үүǿԣǵգ
[һ]
ƵۺЦвˣá
ԽҲûһں󣬿޵ζ
û˵ֻǸһ˿ӡ


34 Է
Ȼ, 翪ʼӻʮ죬ĸΪǰݣ㹻鴬ʹͿԵִ
Ҳż, ǿԭĴ㣬ȴʶЩˣٺһڻʳǵĸһġ

һ磬Ҫ, ȳ, ׼ȥЩûչصǹݷãˡ
, Խȹˡ
üس, күү, һ𣿡
ԽЦҡͷ, ˵йҪ, Сӵĺ⣬ˡСӽտҪɾȥһǣ
ѵͷ
ԽĿȰ, ̬൱ºͶȥԷͻ, ԼҪܷͤЪš˵, СӲȥǹͤбá
ˣһ⹫ټǹȥ, ʱϲЦտүүлл⹫ңҲ⹫, ֪ôġ
Խº͵ЦЦСҲ̫н, ˼, ù, ֻÿЩ
ѹȻ͸ˡ

Խæ, ȥ磬ܿˡ
ѵĶ棬һ緹һСȵ
[簢磬⹫õ⹫]
[϶ļΪŮ£ң⹫ǴһǾû˵Щеûˣ]
[ǻʱȣԸ̵õļ]
[ǶúÿɵֺƺԺСʶˣ]
[۽磡]
̵һ޵Ĺ裬СȥһֻϺǣ͵ѵϺΪֻϺǲʣΪܵõζڳ֮ǰŰǡ
ζŮɾǼҹʱǵȻվԶûõԸǰͲš
ѵģÿӼŽۡ
ϲѸٰ˵ڶֻֻϤƵŮǶԵࡣ
ֻ룬ԱһŹӣǰ̽ӣ͵ߡ
Цſҧס
ѾԼɵòˡ
Ȼʼһֻ

Ӹ첲վȥĸ첲
磬߰ɡ
վԱߣӦţá
˵ģһиҵС
ݸͷá
ȥ˴ţŮǺͻǷУµظ档

ʳ֮ڣСصȵۣˮ֮֮ضб챦Լ¶Ρ͹ǡ
Ȼ൱ŨԪ
ڲͬĹЩԪĺ𣬵Σ嶼Զʤ
ʳ֮ġ
ԽķԷǻʳеĴ԰֮һÿһռعﵽĶ
ѴһȺ˺ƺƵֱߣܿͿһƬǽ
ǽǶΡĴţǰķʿһУֵݰءⶫԷɲܽģ˻ʼҵ⣬Ҫ붼ôƲС
һˡ
ʿѣʲôҲû˵á
ųˡ
ѳЦЦк˺Х
ʿǱǰģǵѾǵҲһ˲λСʱ̧Сȶżˤ˸ʵʵ龰ˡ

Ѳ֪ŵĸպþǿʷģϾʱСڻǵأʵһֱ²߶
[㿴𣿸ոǾǸǲر𳤣ߵĴǲǵرϸҳ⣡]
[ոûпǸСɫǲرƯҳ⣡]
[лУԷﻹһ궼͸ģҲҳ⣬⹫ģ]
[˻иȫģǳǳƯ]
[߿ûԪʯ·Ƕء]
[ǸǸʱ]
[㿴ǸҲҡ]
羲ţȽƽ
ûʲôԭֻ֮ǰܵ㹻ĥ־ǿ˺ܶѡ
֮ڵĸݻڸϲѻǸСӵʱʳﶼ˵ɶ
һֱͦĵӡ
ͺܺˡ
ԾشһĨ΢΢ᡣ

ƹһƬľǰһ
ˮ峺һ޼ʶǱ̵Ҷ׺Ҷ֮䣬ֳ͸ɫչͶ˳΢糯һԲ˲࣬ͱ仯糺죬ٶһϼһɫ󣬿ν˼¡
Ǹո
ѿ硣
⣬޵˵һǳ˶٣䣬Ҳǳ
¶Цݣ˵۹⣡
Ҳ֪ڿ۹⣬ڿԼ۹⡣
ţƮĽЦŻᡢˬʡ졢Ůöġ
еǣЩӦԱȽԶĵطȴڶƵġ
ƲƲ죬ﱧԹ
[ǳúÿÿǴҸ˵ͺܷ]
Ȼ̧˳Цķȥ
ԭҶ֮䣬һǳͤӡͤӺܿ߶нʵʯһֱ쵽ߡʯҲʯĴ죬ϸġ
ͤ߰˸ȵŮӣһװǸиĲͬŵģлģ൱ģҲмԼׯ
ġ
е֣еӳҡԣںѹǱȥոյЦһЩϸǹ⴫ġ

һҲ˼һʯš
һߣһ߶ܡ
[ʮλλûŮģƷǹ]
[ǸȹӵȹӵǹȹӵһŮƷ]
[λֱǺСǵŮʵԵͺܶ࣬ǸԶûŮԼʵǵļҽãҲһֱǸġ]

ƳǵĴС嶼֪ļҵĹ붫ƵۺԺƷǡһŮͻΪԺŮƷٱˡ
⣬ûеۺڡ
ƷҲûе͵ıߵҪ󣬱ϾƷ͵Ҳ˵߲ǣҪڶƵۻᲦǵԴ
ŮвĵģǶʱƵṩĴƽʮҲǲԪϵġԺͨʱڣӵ

Ƶ۶ѵĳ谮ǺڵģЩԶƵûа⣬ǶԶƵԶҲϹȥУ벻ܸƵ۶ŸɲǣرЩŮʵǿģ͸ϣѸùϵˡ
ͬЩôǶƵ۵ˣԼ⹫ʹЩҲҪЩӵġ
ǴദʱһֱǿͿ

ԽԽòҲ͸
ǵһ˿ϢЩλʵﵽ־λ־ǵϡ
λٸò񻣬˹ɫ
˵¶ȰЦݣһӭǰ
һ硣
[磬һ]
ѵĶһ
˵λ
Ƕû
Ÿйƣһ͵𣬲
Ԥϣ˳ֱӡ
ɸһһȫ̡
ȻǾͷ׷׿ˣ
λεСʲôˣСʲôϵҪΪǽܽܣ
úܣ֪һҵĿܣŸС׽úܡ
Сѿ˵˵ѽ
ӴÿӢѵһأֻͦġ
Сûˣ˸Сӣɲܺȥ
Сѿ졭
˵ʱɲǰشһ𡣵ÿһ䶼عעֱǿеġҡ
磺
ЩҲ̫ӲˣΡӢ
ʲôģһܸմϱ
ò˵һ̵оȡ
ѵһҲȣǳ̹Ȼشش𣺡»δ򣬽磡һҵģҵģ
硭е㷢ȡ


35 Ѽ
һ, Цǰϡ
˵ʵڵģʹżҲΪĹڳ谮ʣÿθദʱ, ͦɵ, ҲЩܳԭ
˿, ֻģͺ˼ˡ
еλߵλЦģ˵
, ǱҵģСѼҵΰӣ㣬պҪԴСѲС
, Сѵδ, ҵļ, ¡
ҲһݼСѵδ򣬸Ͻӹȥ
̸ܵЩ顣
а, Ѽҵδ, ҲѼҵġΰӡ
˸ߴ٣
[, ϶Ǻö]
[㿴ǶúðɣֺƴɵȵļСǿɣ]
[ʶ˰ɣ]
λǬҵлǵģ߸ȫǬһġ
ӡΪʵ, ǬһԴﵽĽױĳ̶, ǰֻĽ׵ġǰǬ䶼ֻڶ, ЩҲǲƴˡ
ͬʱҲû˻ӦѣźۼصͷʾȷʶˣǵȷֺƵСǿˡ

ò˵ѵǺܺõġ
ĿǰѾֵֺƵ󹬣¡ȶ࣬˵ģȶģģͣǰĹﶼС
ոλУ͸ͬͣǾüۼҲһ˿ԣȴ裬һֱ˵ɫ͸Ĺ
ĹСͬһýãЩƣҲһ޵ᣬһһȶԼֻվǣһ繵Ļ
òͬͣЦ䶼Եóˣϸͻᷢǲͬģڸյģж˸ģҲû¶ֺƵֲ̬ġҵ
֮ǵûбֺƵС檸Խ˵ʵȷǸ߳һء
˵λеǿչеӺݻе÷еĴԼ¹ӡ
ǺÿÿҲûʲôر뿴ĸоȥԱҲϵĻѲÿġ

λ֮ĸԺ⻹û꣬Ҳ׷״ӵߴ磬Ҳǵļ
ͳͳĽǬ
ȫ¡л̬ȷǳ󷽡
ţҲûС
ǵЦݸˣһһؾͲǬˣһЩϻӡС֮ġ
Ѻܿ챧סеæҡ
ѸٰЩǬۼֿذȥá
ѾͲżˣȫ籧ţȻҡӸ£Լ¡
ǲɶһЦ
ѽǺһ˫ˣ
̧°ͣ˵š
š
ָҡҡӣ˵лλ
˵лλ
Цøˣȡӡó̵ġƣѡһá
ҲûƾܣԴһָͨ졢˵˵Ц¶ǢУԡǹ԰ӡΪɣǸˡ
ǰǰģŻ˲һʱ
ʼնЦ̣˸ʱҲ¶ᣬЦĿ͡
ֱڵʯµŮǵĴӵԶȥǲŶɫӡ
º˵ˣɢ˰ɡ
һתһʯ¡
ǹϸüҲߡ
ֻ֮ߣǻ඼û̫໰˵ϤĸɴĹ԰ȥˣʣµҲظĹ
ڹɵģõƵ۵İʾǾ˴̽Ѷ֣ͬʱҲˣλСԾڶƵ۵ļϣɲơڱ£һͷҲøϽ
ѽǸǰһԲ͵λϵġ
ⰵʾҲǾ棬ĥţԷ˸ۣ֪ôˡ
Ǯñطٺһ¡
˳㻹öһݼǸҰСӡ

ѵԱߣ˵ˣ
üë𣬴˸Ƿɢ˵
[⹫ˣǿ϶ġǾȥ߸컨ʱ䶼㳤ġ]
Ҳԣʲô룬ҲǼһ澡ѡ
ôţȻ䣬ѹ˸䣬󲽵سĳһСܡ
һ㶣׷ȥѣ
ͷҲûأ죬µ죡
̧ץסѵ֣ߡ
Ҳ֪˻ʲôģʹһˣҲûɿ
ûãȻͣסŲ
ûˣΪѹʡѾ鲻Խס۾
ǰұߵĵطһǳǳСݣۡƺȡ⣬ΪڵϵһֲȵСֱ̫ӡ
СݵΧһƬƬ굹ӳӵıϣͺÿһƬҲƵġҡҷ䣬ǻˡ
΢飬ӦӦþ֮ǰѴƼˡ
ԪâٿȷƯÿһ綼൱£ɲʲô˹һۿĶԲƯǱϹۡ
ϸ΢֣ʶؿ޵
Ѹ˼ˡ
[Ҿ֪綮ң]
ӣе
Ȼ
˸߲ҵ˵ǽȥɣ
磺

عʱѾ
һ£ӻڲ裬õͳͳ
иص㣬Өͨ͸֮лһĨ޵ĺ⣬ԹζƳ
˿̣ŵӺ͸ֱ۵Ҳ͸ͺƵġȣڿָϵɫǬ档
[Ѷó𰡣]
ȻȰǸѵЩȡƵǰ
񾼾ض磬ְԼЩԱߣǶĸȤ
ºЦﶯȴɣһգ۰Ѱ˸Ǭϡ
ģسš
ʹ沦˸ȥ̽ѣҲ𣿡
ѵһ۹ŭָ˵ѧˡ
ô˵ָȴܳʵѾǬˣӳ£ֶ
ʱ䣬˵죬üĶ
һֻСӣϻӣɲʲ˿סı
ü䣬ʼһش򿪡
СٿƷԪʯһ£ͬԪҡ
ƲƲ졣
[㣬û⹫ҵ㻨Ǯء]
絹ǾѾˣοء
ϻһ걦ҩ׵ġ
Ѳʲ˿ŵı׵ģһ׵ġ
һνءҪ֪ǬҲ־ףѡ
ǿǿ˵аɡ
[ȻǱ⹫Զˡ]
΢΢ͣѼǬּ졣

һ˸ǬЩҲ֪ǻͨǸиףÿ˶ƷԪʯ˰ƷԪʯ⣬Ǵ͵ĶǸ߽׵ıҩмͳϺõëƤͳһϻĽʲôֵܼһǧƷԪʯҡ
ѲûȤˣԼš
ԼͻȻ
ôϰˡ


36 ץ˸ˡ
ҲǶļȤ, ģٿԼЩͱȽ⡣
ô, ǸѵĶҲˣֲͷһμ, Ͳͬô, ǱȽϼҳ־ǸѵҲһǧƷԪʯ, ־ǸƷԪʯ
ǱʵԽǿıǸѵȫηǳÿģҴ࿼ǵĲʲôԡԣǹԺͺ㡪ϾͱƵ۸װǽ߾ȫҲδҵõıﲻǣ¹úá
οҵ˸õġѵŮ, Ҫͳȥ
ַ˷, һֱȽϲľװװ
ţִ˹, ˽ʱԼഴ⡣
統ȻҲǳ

Ȼֻһӣɵ˼ǺܶģָµһСӡƵͼΣ°Ȼؽûէһӡ£ʵǸ󷨣Ҫ˼˹, ֻҪ۰һ, Ϳԡಡһ, ˸
޵ȷܾ, һİɡ
ѵ⼫ˣָԼһЦ˵ԣģ
ʵҲرĿ佱ǺϵģΪʱҪģһЩҲʱġһͯ˵뵽δŪؿƶˣȻѾǺˡ
һĨᡣ
ѶͻȻе㲻ڡ
ʱȻ˼Ҵҵسڴֳ˲СĶ
Ůƺֱһ˵סˡ
ʶأѰ˰ۡ
ɲǼ䣬ݶڶ¾͡ݡðϰٸ
Ҳ͸ģ緢ȥԺѸٽ֯һǸͼ˸סѸٵս
ڱŵһ˲ݶһӣѾͬһ˼ǣҲȻϴ𣬵ӵĶˣӵĽðĸס˵ֽţֱۣǹס
գգۡ
㶡
仯Ҳ̫ˣðǰһʱ䡣
һˡ
ץס±ƣӦгʲô˵㣬ôң
Ȼ̧ͷⲻ֮͡
ǸòڶʮӣΪݣװҲݻüۼԴḡ⣬ҲЩһġŵζ
٣Ӳȴ
šüͷ˵˭
ӶʱǰɣûͲǵˣһڳ˺üΣ˵õʳʱǻһȥسŵԼҸˣѣҲ̫ûˣ
Ҳ΢΢üԾѡ
һʣ˿˺һڻȻ򣬵ԭ㡪֣ӣӡһ£׼ˣǰٽ㲻һ壬ϳ𣿡
һ˲ĸžડ򿪣±͸ջأ᲻ɴݵĴҲεضػݶ֮ڡ
ֱˤûȥˤ˸ƨնһۺۡ
綢ӣ΢䡣
ٿȻ䣬Լӱ˳˳
ͷؿԼ
еɻ󣺡
Ѳ˵ص硣
[㿴ôרĸʲô]
һոյǵƣɢˡ
ѻҪ˵Ųߡ
ҲʱˤڵصƨϻڱԹѣҶˣ㲻Ц֣ҡ˴ΣͻȻʲô缸ּۣۣƵʣȵȣ㲻˵δǸ˵㣬Ҳɡ
ѺһӾһͨ˭˵ǸɵˣһδˣҲҪˣ
֣˵ҪͲҪ㡣˵䣬վ˵ǰ繰˹֣кλǰɣ֣巣еֲ̫죬ҲʶˣԺָ̡
ˣ˾Ǹ죬˵µҲᡣһҲû֪Ѷ֣巵ӡҲԡ
ǣҲ֣ҽ˵硣
֣巾ֻһ֡

ڻʶƺûٱʾʵһֱظ˵˵ı
[֣֣֣ұǶƳС壬̻ҡ]
[ֻ֣һŮӱȽҲһ㣬֣һûʲôڸСѵùȥ棬⣬֣ҵһλӸˡȻǹӸףĶˣҲ֣һҪ޸Է]
[ϧλûã⹫Ӹļ岻ҰĴ󣬾ǱġһİĽӸ磬ûеŮϣӸסӡӸ˺ܶ檣Ҳ֣״ԼԼˡ֣֪ʵΪŭ˵ŰŮ֣ңֻ֣磬֣ҵļҵҲ]
[֣֣ϥģҲǻʳǳͣܵ϶֣ơ֣չأҲ¸зĹ˵ġ]

֣巺ѶǶƵ۵ϸһġ˻þˡˣѪԵôҪ
ڶƵļϵģ֣ڶƵǾ͹˸ģԱȱȽϲҡһ濴֣û⹫۳裬ȴţԼһ壬ҲǺмҵ׵ģƽʱҲʲô
˵ȷ̫죬ϾʳǵĴ
࣬뻹⹫һʱ˵ٵġҲе죬ΪѴС͸֣ʶϴʱΪʮˣ֣巾Ͱȥ棬ദҲͦǢ
˵ټĻʳȽ˳۵û٣֣ǿһ

ѵ߶߶ϲɫû¶˿
֣己ҲǸ򽻵˼󣬺ܿյѵԱߣóһָԼƤЦѰԼʱһȥ£
бһȻ˵¶ֵң˵ʵɣҸʲô
֣巶ʱһȻϹƣޣ治㰡һӾͿĿˣҾ֪ǸʲôҲ㣡
һ߹ȥߴٵٸҷϻϽ˵
֣һŤȥɤӣС˵ҲûģͷҳŸӡ
ۡ
֣¶һֺõЦݡ

Ϊڸδһ԰ӡܶģ֣ǸɫģûǣѸ˵ԼĿģȻˡ
ܵ졣
ߺѿϣŤͷ磬ĵ˵磬һȥɡ
֣Ѿû˽٣Ȼص˵ͷ
ĴúܣѹûѸոǸСϣֵܿظ
Ҿ˵Ʋɣովͳɹˡ
ţ飬ܷɡ

ѵ¶ۿŵʱ䣬Ůǰѷ͵
͸ǽľ£һٷԵúʡ
䣬û˴ǡ

ѲžԺ
Լûй̲ӣƵš
Сݵһȥǡþӭһʯ··׺ʯͷܼÿһŶǳѤҲǳ
ˣ֮ǰָԪʯ·
Цݲãȱһָ·˵磬Ǵ·ȥɣ
˫ȫ޷ֲܾ֪ôתͷܿ˫ۣĿбӵشӦţá

Ԫʯ·ʵղԪʵкôġ
ǡ
еѽš
Ѳ߲һŵĽƾͿʼˡ
ţվûԪʯķ϶黹ܱסѾ֨ҽС
[˻˻˻]
[ۺۣ]
[ǰߵʱҲûôѽŰ]
[ԪʯҲ̫Ӳˣ]
ʵûгʱ·ߵľġ
ʯ·ɵʱر˵ȥû¾ˡڽʵʵزɢɲͰԼ
磺

ѱͷۺˣӨ׵Ҳһţʱе̴̵Ĳˬ
Ҳû룬ת֣סѵĸ첲ᳯһ̧Լǰһš
ɲǼ䣬ѱ磬˫ҲĽűϡ
ѵɴۣû뵽ᱻôʱסˡ
ȴȵ˵£Ҵߡ
ѵɳڣӨ׵ĶҲط졣


37 ֣巵󣨳棩
żʵ, Ÿ첲תƵϣ֫ȫһ˽һ𡭡ͺ˻һܵ﷢¡
ѻʮ, żסԼ⹫ĸ첲⣬ûô
һʱ֮䣬֪ҪôӦˡ
[㡭]
˼һƬհףѵƬˡ
ʲô벻
绹Ǻܳ, ֻסѵ, ƴ󲽶С
ʯ·ܳ, ѸоȶԼˣ˱ŷǰ, ߵķ, ͷҲˡ
·ʱúֺܿӦʱ, Ѿվʯ·ľͷ
ͬʱ, ڶ
, ˡ
Ѱϵֻ֣Լڷ̣æشĽ, ̧žͿԺķߡ
˼ƺû˸
תͷ, 绹վԭأƽ͵ؿһֱûƿƵġ
˶ٺ, Ѽӿ첽߻ȥ, һץס, һߡ
Ҳûͷ
ȻģҲûпӲ΢΢
ԶһֱûŵŮǺͻȻ棬ĴڸС
Ůǻ֮䣬鶼ܷ
ѽҪ
Ӻɾĸã
Ƕ߶ٴˣģð
ͷߣɫ΢졣
[ոĺְ]
[㲻]
[ԺҲ]

صԺѾˣ̧°ͣȱָָһ¶ţֺ˵ȥԡˣ
翴˸סЦ⣬ݴӦȥ
һ⡣

Ϊ֣ԼˣҲǸسŵˣڵڶù󣬾ʹ׼뿪ʳǡǰҲûôȥ⹫Ϣϸ˵Լȥ򡪡֣Ŀġ
֮ѴŮһϽ֡
ŵԺ⣬޺ȥǣһСɡǶԪʯױһשӳȥҵüӵĶƳױ㲻ϺۣҲ֤ݷͬһ㣬ǡ
ǰ˩ͷ׶ۼסǶѩ׵ģŮǸʹĽҪƷҲߡǶƵ۴Լѡڳרõѱ൱˳ӣкǿʵΣʱˡ
澴Ļң׼һһҵؼݳ޺ͱһͷĽ׵˫ϣͬһһҵػű
ƿѺϳ
һʳУǽȥȵｫĳʳˮںãų
ͱ޻ϡ
űޣڿз΢ž
ָһţѾسʾķȥ

ʳĽֵܿ·㣬Լ߻߳ߵģмרüݳġ
˴˻ţĳûߣ·ϣôʹ˱Ҳֻǰˡ˵·ϣôɵһʧҪʮ⳥
Ϊʳڲٳ־磬塢ӵ֮ôǹȥ

ڱͬһߵĳ⿴
ʳ֣ߵ˴ݣм·Ҳвٸ౦ֵߵĽ໪ǳҲв԰ӡլۡڻ塢۹سͶġҾسҴľҲɶƵۡʹ͡Ѱĸ˼ңʸڳðһס
ߣ˵ŸǰҲûʲôͬӡ
˵ҴǰûոͬУҲǳ˼ʶ
Ѷʱ˵˵ԺҴˣʶĻỹء
ݸϵ˵ԺҲȫѹӵָˡ
ѷǳ󷽣ģϡ
˵Ц䣬ѾѰüŹӣá
ü䣬һŽһţżһš

ҲֱĽֵһ·ʳǳǰͨеڣͨ裬ֱǡ
ǱڳǸ౶ֵҲΪҲ࣬·ֱӷֳ㡣ϸֳרˡר޵·мĵû䡣
Զ̫ˣ·ɲңΪ˲ǷǸ󡢴Ѱ˼ҳ˼̻
ֵߵĽдլҲСԺӣвסŵĻв˼ҡҲǳ֧̯࣬ӵģ֡
ҡƷôߵĹԱʵ඼סԽΪĽֵϡ֮Բڻʳ桢ֱǣΪ֣ڵ֣ңʵҲǵġ

ҡӣ˵ӣȥף¶˽ˣҲȥҼط档
ͷ֣Ӧ⡣

֣巷ǻףȴƫƫѵǰΪҪӭȢһλ
棬һҡ
ĺŮֻҪʲﵽϣҪͳȥġΪУպþڡ
˵Ҫ֣ȥӦܵõӦʲŶԣƫƫǼòһλڲ֪ʱ˿ˣҲˡ
ǶʮӷȵĸԣҲǷ½еλ񺣾߽ףǿ֮һء
ȱֻ
־ףպ񺣣͸ܱԼˡͬʱֳͬһλȻǸӪУֳͬʱҲֳıӻ֮ǼΪӴġ
֣ȻиƵ壬ʵ˵û취Ƶֻۣһֱ֣谮ѡƫƫ֣ԪΪͻƳڱչأһʧܣغûж¿ɻˡľҲֻ־ףʵԡ
֣ڵ֣ҵǸңϧȥ빬֣ûŮĻᣬΨһŮֲ֣һ˲֪֣ĹϵҲԶ˺ܶ࣬һʼѾͶ
֣һῴ֣巣ôĿɽҲֻ֣ѡ
ǰ£ҷףܿϡ
֣ǻأһҵأʵͿɽȲԡҪ֪񺣾߿ǧԪģԻнǧɻ˲Գ谮¸ӣҾͿԴӲԴԴϵصõô޻檶ԻҪģ˵һҲҪˡ
֣已˳£ֻҪһȹϸԺֻ¾ͻᱻ͵˺լȥˡ

֣һĪչʱͻȻ֪ʳǣʱ˴ˡΪҲ˽ѵӣֻҪȥܰæǻġ
ʵҲȻˣ˵Ѹ߶մϵ֣巺ãǱֻкɫȶ֮£Ȼƫ֣巵ġ

һ֣ǰ
֣Ѿǰȴˣûиҹӵģ
Ϥ¶ϲɫϽӭ


38 
λɵ³, չظ֣˸һһ, , 򿪡
Ҳһԡ
һ۵һԾ£ٳ֡
СӴӲ, Ƶ³
ˮ, ֣巴˴
ܿ͸ˣ, Ѹδõúܣǿ϶Ըȫѽ, һĿԲ͸ˣ
뵽֣巵۽üҶЦ
ʱÿҪ֣˵ͺȻıŪһ¡
ǸʲôЦˡ̲ס
֣æ, ǸƤ, Ǻֱ׵˵ⲻǿ뵽Ҽ𣿰һûü㽲ǸõĹ, ҪΪ, Ҹݲ, 㻹ֻܼŸӡ
һ˵֣һ߰լ롣
ѱǾ䡰ҭס, ûôӦ
, е΢á

֣巸ĹҲܼ, Ҳǰ뿪, Լȥι, һʱһĵر, ȻҲ, һ飬Ͱø
֣֮巹һ÷ȻûӦԼǶηֵûб¶ֻ˵Ƽˮ겻׵ѡ֣巴̽ϢͿʼô۵ظͶֺ
ҲǸֱĹڷ֣巵˼ͺ̹׵ظ˵ˡж⣬ȴûȷ֣巶ġ
֣已Ϸƶ׷һࡣ
ҵˣıȽѵã潥ǱˣӦ˸һҲʱһԼȥ
治֣巵Σȴһ
֣巷˳Ц۹ʱͲٺһֻϲֵˣתʼŬĵرʱҲֻ˿ζѡ˺ʵġ
ûã֣巻ָ߸еΣҲ¶òҲ
濴֣ΪıΪ˽Ӧ֣巵ס
ֻǣվҪϵҡ

ΪǸͨ£Ѻձã֣Ѿ˵ˡ
󣬶һڣʵ˵ҪȥףƸ׼𣿡
֣巶ʱϻش𣺡׼ˡЩĸҵĺöܶ࣬ȻҺܻ˵⣬еΣĻв٣ǧƷԪʯأ׼һЩ֣ҵĲҵҲͦ׬ģ׼ӻóһƸ⻹м׵ıĵر׼һĻţ޹Ժٸܡ
͸ô㣿
֣һҭб磬Сʣ˶٣
Ҳһҭ
һҲû
ܿˣֱ׳ص˵Ƹģ
Աߵ㶡ǵԼǴ˵ҪѴϻȺغĶ͸ƸģֻǺȻòԣ˵˸Ƹ־ͻ˵ڿѾȻ˵
ٻ룬Ǻغһ׵ĵرֻǴʯ￪ģ͸
ֱӸͣǣһ׼Ƹġ
Ҳôġ
Ƿ·ЦġϻصĺҪ׼һݡȻѵ̫ԶδŪ˵Ҳ㹻صģҪǶһ޶ĲС

֣巶ʱήˡ
аɣλǷƸױһ¶ѵȻô˵
˵Ȣ޿ɲС㶫ƸǹģĻأʲôϻġ㣬Ͷ׼͸ʣµЩٺ
֣巣·ܶӡ
õ£֣ǲܾģ̣ܽˣԭûֱ˴ˣǰҲá
ãüë˵񻰡

ԹϾ֣ΪѰæҪѺδǣ
֣ԼļҵףָһгһӸġ
ѿ󣬵ͷˡʣýû
֣һ㶣Ҳý˵𣿡
ֵһˣɵ㲻ҡ㡯𣿡
֣巣ײǸý˼Աýаհ
ѶסǸ˼
Ϣİ
ͻȻ£ҲУýˡҵø˵ұýǲ檵ģԺѣ㷸Ĵһð𣿡
֣ű֤Ҿˣ檡֪ҵģҪƣҲڵҲûˡ
ѺһǾ߰ɣҺͰʱ䡣˵⣬ѣˣƸ񶼴ϡ
յŮӦ˲źƸȥȻһǲͬģѱýǾͲͬҲͬ⡣
֣һæش˵ȥ˰Ƹ̧
Ѳͷذڰ֣ϽȥϽȥ

ͬûסڻʳڣ֣ڵ֣ҲࡣΪŮһ£ʱ֣˶ɱ˸ɾֻмѾѪϵԶġ֣ʲô֧Զѣ֣ҵĲҵЩҪΪ˲Żֻ֣ңҪѷɫٵġ
֣Щ֧ԶһЩ֣լ֣ʹҲǰžӪµ֣ˣв֣巵ĵλ
ҪȥףΪ˱ʾӣ֣巴Щѡ
Ƚ׽õģæ̧Ƹ
֣Һҵľ벻ȽƸŽǬ䣬ȵһ֣Ž½ų֣һһ̧𣬺ƺƵߡ

Ҵǰ
ѵӸŵļʿǣ˵ȥͨɡ
ʿһ⵽ֿ̣ͮͮѵȡװͬѰʱҵææؾլȥ
ûһʱ䣬ҵļԳӭӡ
Ѿ׼¿֣巺Ƹͬʱ֣λϼ޻ļҲû¶˿Цһ˶˽ȥ

ҵã˲١
ѡλͿغ˵
Ѿ֪ҴĿˡ˵һѽֱ֣࣬ӵСӿֶŮұýӦŻ£ȫСӵһ⡣Ƹڴ˴ʲôĵطҲԿǡ
ǷǳԵѹˣûԷܾء
ҲûǹԼŮӵҸıô͹ֲ֣ȥˡˡ
ȻǸʶȤģȫҪѶѴ֮࣬ǰûֶŮΪ檵ĴƵģʹ˵֣һ˲ţȷǸ䣬г⣬һʲôҪ᣿ٺòͬˣ
Ҳû飬͵رֳǵϲúͬ
¶ЦݣȻǸˬˡһƳ֣巣ߴٵСӻȥݼĳ
ĸĸѾȥˣǱ÷ģµȻҲ֣ʵϵġ
֣ѱý˳û뵽ô˳
ԥǰһ
ۼѸ֣̬֮⣬ϵƺܺã̬Ⱦ͸ˬ죬һǰ˫ְ𣬹Ц˵ãã
ַԸ˽Ƹ£¾ǳ׳ˡ
˸ǳͰݵ̬ȣǲһŮȥֶŮҪԸ£һġ

Ѿһڲ裬żƼ֣ڴģҡͷ
[㿴ǲ]
Цƺڱʾͬ⡣
ʱ򣬻嶣
֮⣬߽һλųȹòŮϼʩ죬üĿģԵףҲ浾
ȷǸܲĹ
ȻڿŮĵһۣͲѲˡ
[費ɵֺƺǸСѸ𣿣]


39 
߲ǿò˵, λӡСѸһģһ֤λ۽һλһҶɫǳ΢ɫ룬ɢϢӦǸոвСѸʱɢҲûκβ
ǰ϶ˡ
Ϊʲô֮ǰûأ
ΪֺʶǸСѸ, ѹͲ氡

ֺƵĺլ, ͵ӦоУͬ͵ʱ򻹻ü, ֻǺֺƽԵԭвͬѡ
˵СѸ͵ľһǷòȴľҵΪֺƵĴڹδҸȼӴص, һǿɧ˹¡вгӵġ
ŵġؾ, Ȼǰߡ
ɧǵСѸҲ, йⱾûʲôģ, ¡Ǵӡ֣ࡱٸġ˼ˣ˵֣巼ҵ¡

ֺƵʶʮ, ʱѾǸһԶľƹϰʵҲﵽ־ɧ, ʵϴӲӹҹ
ֺھƹݺȹξƺ˽, ƾŮ˶ֶξȻһֱò¹, δ, ֪ԭ򡪡Ǳɫĳӵ, ǳѲӳһʮꡣһҪΪ򱨳, ˭, ָм, һܸģûи򱨳ǰʹĶҲǲίġ
ͱסֺƵʲõؾˣȻֺеԴǸ򣬵ϾѾǸˣϹ¶˵Լû⣬ֻܺáжһҪ𣬵ȱûѹԷԼȥһ濡ơ˫۾˵濡ֺܾ
ֺĻṼ˵Ķ飿ܿʹӹ͸¶ϢǸͼǿȡĻ˭뷽跨λӺ߱˶ǻӵֳĳλ𣬺ֽվ˼ȴ硢ñӵȵȡ
ֻϧֺưָӵʱȴֹѾˡ
˵ĳҹУƹͻȻŻˣܶ˹Ȼȴ޷ӽϰҲûӳúõһ˶Ӳ˴Уֻʣһ˻ңԵüΪ
ֺĿѣлλΪ˱ģλĳ޸ʱֶҲӺ

ѵ΢
ݹξֺƻмСҲ˵ģЩС檱ĹУֺƶԻĽҲԽԽѾס൱һֳޡټԼͳ谮ĶƵֺۣƸ廹ǳΪ˼Ĺϵ־Ǹӡ
¹漰Ⱥ֣巵İºҲûаϵһ

Ʋ⣬ʹû֣巻뷽跨ظɻˣҲΪûѵǰ棬Ƿᱻǳ
룺ûƭֺƣôӦ˶ʮķ޺֣Ӳű֣ûֻ֣֡չͻʧˣӲдһʱ䣬䣬ܹʱѾˡˣΣ֣ӺôҲ⹫Щ⹫Ҳġο֣ҲǷȾ˾˵Ⱦ˾زԣԻֻܲΪһС檵£ͰɣҲ̫ˣҲױ˿ᡣ
˼ȥҲЩط벻ףʱ䣬ʮ⹫ȷʵչ˼꣬͸֣ӱʱˡʱи͵ؾ֣֣ҪҲȥˣ棬Ҳȷʵ̫ע⡪Ͼǻҵӵܣ;ҲǺܳġ
ҲΪԴ֣巷ֱͺüûˣΪҲԼ⹫ҪȥֺƣûйעԼˣС顣֣ҪѾȢޣҲһĹŹӣȻҲѣߵĸ鲻͵
֮ѻû֪֣巵ϢҲû
ѣ
Ȼ顣

ɽһ˼طתʱòѾ򼸸һѵҲûкӣֻ̧ûж˵ѡ
һԵҲ˸һ˼صطתһ¡
Щ΢ϲã֣巻ţüۼ䶼⡣
һжͬʱҲ۲ѵ飬ɫȴ΢΢Щ䣬ƺаҲƺǰһĻο
һʱ䣬ȣоλܳ谮ĵ˼ҲǺġ
ʵһֱں˼롢Ǻѣ
عҲǶüĿС
滹Ǻ󷽵ģ֣巾Եе޴룬ϲëӡ
һɨղŵ뷨ôӦǲᷢˣѾýˣǸֶεģ֣ԺӦúùʱҪʱμӣûʱһ¶Ҳȫˡ
ֻǡ
ĸоеŹ֡
֣ӿɱ벻ΪӺù˾л˼ҪȻͲǱɹѸˣҪְԼѸ

Ѷ֣己˵Ĳ²⣬Ƕ˴ġ
֣ûеõѰʱһ룬׼Ӽ¾İ͵ԺԺȥġû뵽֣巶沢һʱϲҸǻ
ƫƫҲʱ֣չʧܣúʹ֣已ʱĸӰĽȴΪٶϲĹ֣ûô˼ǣֱȥƵ۱ȥˡ
֣Ҳû뵽ôأ¾Ͳþ
ֻӦŻ¡ǱߵȻֻ÷
ǣԵطǳ
ԴǰƽƽҲ˳Цֻ־һӣķǳǿΪ񺣾ҲΪǱȴ˴룬ûܽʥ̥ˡӴ͸ðֻҪ˵̬˿ףǿ
ȱҲµˣȻǲ⣬ֻԾΪԼ¶ѣɲȴΪԼסˣһ߾ԼиһĿܾȥͶȣһֵıָԼǱ㣬ᱻ
ԺһһС檱һС£ɲԾ֣巿Ȼôˣ֣ΪʲôҪأù͵ͷѹ
ʹºȸ˲Ժ˵Ǹᣬǹƣƴ˵ûʲôҲ·һƽûдѹңҲûжСʲôʵϣȴؼס¡
ʮȥ˭ҲûټǵС£ǵƵ۱չءؾʱԾΪˡΪ˱ȷ֣ûκθӸص֣Щӵؾû֣巸ɱˡ
ؾرպ֪֣巵ѶȴԸš
ܺãʹһֱû֣Ҳû檣ʼһ
ΪˣĸԸͻӣʵЩƫִͷģȻܽɷѶͿʼеؾÿһˣڼݵǰÿһꡢÿһ죬Ѱ֣巿ܵˣҲһһ̽
򲻸ˣҪһ浽׻֪־ǲԡòԺܸǷȸ˲ԶĺôôôӣƫִΪ˵Ҳ˲֣
ŭ֮£Ȼʧˡ
գȥһƫԶĵطӪϵطչ֣ԼαװԾܾģΪľĳʱ򣬹ɱԡԻشǿߣ
ֹ꣬Ѳ̽Ӷչ˶ƳǣΪƹϰҲʶʵѾǿֺơ
ֻһͿֺƾ˸߻ɫӣԸУ׶Ըˡ


40 
ʹ˻, յֺղܡۿţֺ߻ŸصʥŮҲϧ, ֺֻƹȻԶķֿϧǰˡλʥŮԳơи֣ͬԵֵĽáʱ, ϧɢˡһԸһԸѡ
ֺڡ̽󣬹Ȼޱ, һΪֺ룬ʱʱʰסġ, ͸ֺȲ
ûе̫ãֺƾͽɱˣǿػɱ, ȻѾɱǿߡҲһֱڷߵĲԡԭеһλ񺣾, Ѿɽˡ
̽ӿеõϢͬʱҲ˵ֺʱڶƳ, Ѿ, СЩ¡, ȺͲԵ, ҲС͸¶һЩϢйء
֪Щ, 治Ц, Ҳˡ
ֺ˵˹죬ʱؾܵ, ҲԼӡ, ֻύиֵõˡ
, 滻رװ, ҹƹݷ˰ѻ
µ󷨽Ȼ⣬ŷĻ񣬱һٻڴ
ԼţֺһźûմϹͻˡԸݲԵķȸݷȵķҲ
ûɱֺҲ
ôõ˶ᱻֺΪʲôԻţ
֪Լˣ˾ͷˡ

ѼȻΪ׹ģҲû˼ҾҪһȥء
ܿ͸ˡ
֣巸滹ģҲ֪еǼᣬڶѶܸмͷӦ꣬ҲԸʱֿ
ͣһҪߣҲͲӡ
ֻǣиǡ
ѹӣ⻹һ¡Ϸ֪˵
һֱ̧֣ӵ֪˼ĵҷȾ˾ǰɣ²ģͷҴ巹ȥһˡ
ϲܲ˵ȻãʹˣԸβҲܺˡ
ˣȻл
˵һ䣺¶¾˰ɣùϽ
¶Цݣǣǣ⵱Ȼû⡣
֣己ΪҪȥЩᣬ⡰ٻ¡Ļǿʲôᶼûˡ룬Ҳԣܹ黹ҪȾ˾˴кġ

߳Ҵź֣巻ǺܸˣȻû߶Զ͸оԼƨɱһš
֣巣ʲôң
ѿ⸱ɵӾҡ˵ѾˣϽȥк뱻𣿡
֣һ㶣ګګ㶼ұýˣһᱻҪȥ񣿡
΢飺ǲǺޣΪһܻҪȥôһ¡ʲôױ
Ǹƾ£ȥȾ˾ͬ˵һѡ
֣巻ȻڵҸ˾˱һ񡣡
ѡšһٵҡҡӣ˵Ͻȥ

֣已ϵ˵ʱ򣬰ٶȻǺܿġ
Ѻͽ˸йţ͵֣Լӱ޵ػ֣˽Ҷ
ߺѲƲƲ졣
ᰴ˰ļ磬ʣڵģ
Ҳ磬˵֣˳ɻ飬ܵסԣҲǸˡ⻹ڶʮûҪǲȥһˣǲԻϷܼǺҲǸ鷳
ͷǵȷеġ
ǲһֱ֣巷İȫǸһȽϺá

ĺöܶ࣬ѲǮһԼţһӣŮҲѡһ˳Ҳѡ
ޡȻл󣬾ʹƵڲͬĻ֮أϰߵȥѡ衢˽ûеĶ
ԼҹӵĴӣǶ˽⣬ԴӲƾܣȻҪӱƽʱ̷ʱ򶼻һֵϸҪҷʡò׵õķԸЩλġҪģŬѧ

磬ָһ鱦ʵҪ𣿿ڽġ
翴һۣҲûйʵػش˵Ѫ˿ȷʵʺ߳Ѫҵĵϡ
Ѿϲʵʵ˵ЩƵģҲĻؾֳǰ˼ָһ鱦ʣأǽԭ󡣡
˵ƫǿڽȥģǰƵѩ󣬼ֻʤޣֵûѴǮ
ѡŶһ׼Ǯ˵ֻҪеþ̸˷ѡ
Լ͸ˣͷסұ˼˵һʺ¸׶εá
һ㶣ս۲һм飬Ʒʺãͷ㡣
ݸãġ
죬ܸˡ
ôһӣҲûѡʵģĹ¡ȴûн⡣۹ⶾúܣ½Ϊ˸סòʮҲ׿ЩݻοȻǴӲŲ񸻹˼ҵģѽȴǣϴ˵ġ
գѻǺʧʲôҲû
ûȥǮе㲻ˣ߿ǽǰժһٴ淭˷ȡϺɫĹӡ
ԱߵһλȻЦӼΪº͵ֻҪﵽͿˡֻٽһš
û˵ֻȡһöԪңԷ
Цݸ飬ֽƼ˼ζõĳʳ
Ҳһһ£һöԪ
һ꣬ת߻ѵߡ
ѵر˵ģ԰ɣ
[ҪǸģ군ˣ]
̿ӷŽʱ˹ˮϴϴٵݸѣȻǸģ쳢һòóԡ
ˣһҧȥ֭ˮ졣
˵óԡ
滹ЩС֮ģʵȲϹľ£ƷһƷȴһζЩҰȤȷͦóԵġ

֣巻ʱͷ󺹣ɼǾˡ̣ĴȴûˣҺиţ֪Ѻȵ÷Ѿڶ¥żſƷͼˡ
¥̧֣ۿŸιʳϵѣһʱ仹е㼵ôСԼδô׽
һת֣뵽ԼϾҪˣַ
ʱҲһ׽𣿺ߡ
Ƥʹ˸ɫ

Ѿֺ˿ڲ裬̾һ˵սپ
֣巣С
һҲ̫ˣּˣǲ˵

Ϊӣۡڻʳڵġ
Ѽ˶ܳ裬ܿˡȻӸС
ǵģȻûзš
Ƶ۵Ůֻһţûгɾ񺣾ģһɶѰĻӻŮ
ӸǷǳΡģ濴ȥ㹻ɹ۵ĽȺڸߴź󷽡һۡռҲضΪʹɵȥҲѿͷ
ǰѵӡ
ǰıʿǱʶ˵ģĻҪȣڽӹӵͬʱѾһȥһƷϢ
еؿ
ûãԶ첽ˣǰǸòʣйǷȡ벽֮ľǲԣͷ԰С鲻ôÿϸȥܷһʱԵЩ̱Ҳǰ׶ںڣ˺ø
д˴ţҪȰѲҲ

ȸʵ죬֣巾͸ˣ˺ôҲҪúýӴġӺеͷۣû뵽ĸǿ߲ԽҪɵңȻͱ֣ҪȢΪˡͷ۵ǣСڰűýͱýͲܰд֪ôŵģ߲
ô룬ȿɲ¶ϣ¶Цݣº˵βһˡ
ǳѻкҲûʲôڣ˵νһŮټ˭ɹ˭ʧܶ˼ҹԼ˼ǷȾ˾˸ϵˣĥŻԹһˣþ˾˿ģҲĪƽϡ
ȿһ۲ԡ
Ƥ΢飬ƽȵ˵ң
ңⱾûʲôɼƽϵġ
֣ҲԼ׼Է˵ΰݷã˾Цɡ
ȽӹѰ˼˽ٰһ
û룬ʱѺȻһ䣺в仰Ҿͷˡֻɱٹʮ꣬ȴӵѶɣҪôͻȻҿҪúһˡ


41 
Եɫʱࡣ
̫Ǹ競, ôǸ񺣾ôôӣ
ǣԵȴֱѵָ
ϸ׵ָ, ڰһơһľ⻯ơ
ڣʥ̥ǿҪѳ֣̱⻯֮սⲻѾͲ¡
, ڻⶼԼЩ, ֤аⲻ٣޷Ĵ֮ǰ⻯˾ɱ
ԶȻӦ⻯ֻԶƵ֪ۡķȻ, Լλ, ûһơ

ʵҲˡ
⻯׵ãƵֳܹĲ𣬷ָѵľ
һҵԺ, һľ, Я⻯ʮ, ˶Ƶ۲ѪҲɵĻ̺һ
⣬Ⱥͷû⻯, ƵеŮ, ˷˪, κ˶û⡣Ҿ˪, ҲӢĵˡ
ʣµĻ, ԽҪʱһ𣬶Ƶﻹ˽һáչصĽҪͷʱԼعء
ڶƵۿŮ̫ˣԼȥƴֻҪɱ𺦶Ƶ۹棬ȥЩʲôʱʱ㹻ʵǸԼ̳е֮λ
ļϵСʵ΢ȻҪȫλıŲʧȥѾ⻯˽ױԼַ֮

ϳƺ󣬲Եҡ
ʹٶķŭֻѹ
һԵ֣еΣû뵽ѿ񺣾ǿߵʱҲôţͬʱػеˬ
Ҳ֣˼
Ͼϵ׽ӴҲ֮࣬ѾҪ׵Ĭѵһ᲻֪ǿ϶ֻ֪ǻߵ棬Żᰵ࿴ѡûпҿ¾ͻ֣ͬ巺ˣϾ֣Ҳ̫ܴﵽ׼ġ
ضһ֪¡
֣巸֮£΢һͶˣ˼ô࣬ȻŲԣʲôοһҪһʱٰȥҲҪԵӦʡԷǵûг֮˼ԾҪΪ檣νҲû֣巷룬˵оѹ׹һͷʹء
Ȼˣ֣巿ѹ˲ԣô̹ܲأ
ͬΪԼȴûʲôƵ¡⡣
游ŮûУʲôɼƽϵġ

ȻƣҲ˲ԵɫЩĽѵͬʱ
ԲԵķӦ̫⡣֣뵽ģȻҲ뵽ɰЩɣ֣ܶǰӣ֪ȵҳм֣֣ȫĸ٣ҲֻǸȫֳųӵͨӰ
ԭæûϸ飬ֻ檣ƫƫҲǹﻹѹȢ˹Ŷ׫͹ơҸЩ˵̨׶ѣͬʱ˺οԡڿɲͬòǽˣǱеʵԵģȻĻɡ
ЩƽϣϲԣȴѾȥͬ˵һ˵ˡ
ЦĲԵļ磬Բ˵ЦˣҲԵ֡巳ɻʱҲȥһݺǰɣ壿
ǿջ˼ǿҲЦЦ˵Ȼĳʱһǰ֣ӲҪӲĳŲǡ
֣æ˵ˣǰһϣ͹⡣ҲлȾ˾͹⣬档
΢΢Ц֣巵ļ硣
ǲԻ֣巣ڵ鶼һѾ

ѰһпҲ⻰ְƣ˵Ⱦ˾㿴ǲúܺÿ
һҲ̫ˡ
Ӧ죬˵ȷӢǸףѲ˾˽ô
ѹȻˣ˵ҵδ磬µδ򣬱ǰǸǿһٱȾ˾˲𣿡
ѵÿλСôһˣʧЦͬʱȴȻشǬȡֻǬѡһ˷
üëʣȾ˾˸˫
һ£Цε˫һ˾˸ġȥͱչˣ֪ԼʲôʱأҲ֪ʲôʱƳ棬ǰ÷ǰ˵ˣٹ㻹棬˸ȥ
Ѳ˾ôǰ籸ˣ
˵Ǹδµģʲôʱ˴棬ʲôʱ͸
⻰㲻٣ѵδǾɵĻµĲҪĲ桰δ򡱣еľ͵С
ˣ˵˵Ǿ˾ǵҡ
ȺЦ֪ͺá

ڸȶԻͬʱһĶã
[簢磬ǸɴдӸ˾ˡĸǣԼʱǹԷʱļ֣ܵ]
ĬȻҲûرҪ񡭡
Ȼô²ģȻˮ
˵ҲȷʵӦüЩӵܣܲԺˣʶɣ
ǣ缸ɲسѵ˵ͷ
ü䡣
[Ǿô˵ˣͷô׼ӡ]
ּɲصͷ

ȸţҲһ˻
ոջ⼱ת磬ƺֻһǼ顱¼Ͱ׿ˣòһԼһߵĸоȻоҲ١ѵȷǲ̫עⷽ£ЩΪ֮
ӿ뿴ڵĳͷ·ëƵģоȥˡڣڼҪʱ̲סȶԷȿ˿ڣ£ĳҪ졭
Ⱥƽ⣬º͵˵ֻȥҪ̫ˡ
ڴӦһҲûѵһۣͷɿˡǲҿ͵Լ¶ʲôƵ۸״ԼԺ󱻴ѹ
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬Ծͳ׵ʧ
ʱѲһȾ˾ˣҿҵ˲̫С
ЩΣƵģ˵ϻۣѵףǸûʲôȱݵǿߣôĸԸظһ׵ѰߣǵǿߣҪôŻҪôͻ׷ǲǰ̡̾һԵǱľѾûܽʥ̥Դû̫׷󣬸ƫܣΪҰ¡ҵĻб£ָҸãպʲôֲǱĺöȥһ󣬶ܵ֡׷һ֣˲żüãδùЩˣ㹻Ĺ͡
ƲƲ죬˵ղܵȱݿ̫ˣ˼ҲģҲ䣬Ⱦ˾㻹Ƕİɣɲʲôˣ̫ûˡʣ˵񺣾ȱݣһλʲôë
Цһλ겻СˣԪֻаͻľӦҰ꣬ڼҲȡõԴļ壬󱲡ҲԼеӵ㹻ɫģͨƼ֣ȡǰ̡
ȻֱԵ÷Ⱦ˾塣
ȲЩһЦȫǿ߶ȥ־ʲô˻ϣǸ鼫ΪģҲҪЩʲôЩĻЩͼĵķǸѵá
ΪȻȾ˾˵Ļе
ˬʵЦˡ
֣巰û˵ϸЩƵĵطദԾûôϲҲûô顣ʱԹԵСڸУֻǱ죬Լôԡ
дλʮӡ
λǸʮְҲѵˣҲܿȻԭУȴ˸ΪλСѸĽڡ˵ҪԣȻǲƹġҲǺܿϧˡ

Ѹĵûͦģûʲôԣû̫ȤĻʱˡȻȻģڵȸˡ
˽ӣҲɴûͣû̫ͻȻ
Ѹо͸ˣǰһ䣺ȻѾˣ͵ʱ򣬷Ⱦ˾ҲһҪ
ȲɺЦˬشӦ
á˵ִ˵ҪȻ˾ˣʱٸǣ
ѸˣҲ
Ȼܡ
֣巣ôأֻܸܡ


42 öԪʯ
ԻصԼľ
ȻûʲôҪ, ֻǴȥѡ
սݣԭƽ, ʱޱȡ˫ְ, ·ûֻǡһȴȻΪ촷ۡ
µʱ, ɲҼӴǴӺӲؼһͺ𣬡
Ȼ, ԪȻس˷ɨ, ĳҲ׷״飡
Ȼ侲, һ
, òͷ
ǷȵԶܲˬԼΪܶԷôǺǵģһ˿ҳ˺׵ܵܵˣҲܶôѲ⻯иǧٰʥ̥⹫ܶԸ֣巺棬˻һԷޣܵѵıӻ
еķŭʲô˷й
ҪйͷͲͨ, Ҳܾġ
һ, Եųһ
ҡ
, ҡ
ԵŭҵйĶ
Ҫȥ࿴棬ĻᶪôȻǸ͸֣竹ϣΪʲôһҪˮ
ԵȻԼˣôȻûܵ裬ľֻҡ
侲ĲԣѸٰһжˡ
ȻûңҾͲıӻΧڡ֣已㶪ˣҿ϶ûøУ檣ͬûøС
ֻҪͣ뿪Ƴǣٵ֣巺ɻ飬ò˼꣬¾ͻᱻ
ʱҶ־ͷˡ
һҪҸۣ

ˣرġ
ֻһ̶ź֣巣ҼͶԸҡ
ϾҪԸ֣ȣҪעⶫƵ۵Ķ򣬶Ըȴȫع˼ôࡪֽţܵõĽ

ѵȷ˼ҡ
ԭҲֻӦ˲÷Ⱦ˾˼Ǻ޲ǣԭؿ㣬С¡
Ǻ޵ģǲԡ
ѿɲܲҪʲôȻԼҪ˲ԣôҲӦԼеʲôϵ

֣۰Ͱ͸Ѻһܳ˻ӸĴš
ҲϢظϣһ˱ŵıǰ
֣巴˿˵ܵÿ졣
ҡӣҲе㴭˵ǰǺҪӵģǻ⣬ƺһҲ۵ӡ
ȻѺЦӱҴ꣬Ҳླ磬Ҳ̫ˡ
֣΢
ǰȷûôǸֻ֪Ժֵ竣ΪǣȴҲ
Ϊʱ̡̫кܶҪ׼ʵûͻơ
ʵһǿף
֣̾˵öԣҺɻ󣬾ҲܺһˣŬһƬС
ѵĵһӦǡ
[ҾͲԼŬˣܸҳ]
һֱźۼѡͦվֱ磺
ţžͺá
ҡҡӣ˵ҲУҲ׬ǮԼһ֣֣ŷĲǣ
֣巸о˼ͷϵĳΣͷ˵öԡ
飺ҿϱŴϻ۵ھӪ˵Ҳǿ˿ԸҲԽԡ
֣巶ΪҲôġ
ٺЦȷʵôϻ۵ġ
ѣ
˵ҼҰҲܴ
֣巣ŶΪʲôͻȻҪҰ磿
Ц⡣
ڼѵָˣҲûĸ֣˵ڰ֣˵ˣ¶ˣҺͰȥ棬Լȥæġ
֣ȷʵвҪ׼˵лҸɻǰһʱһҪ
Ʋ죺˵ˣҪ뿪һˣҲ֪ʲôʱҪǻʳˣȥһˡ
֣еʧ˵ǰ㷢ӣҪһ
ˬӦˡ
֣¶Цݡ
֮Ҳ׼ٴδǸǡ
Ѻףɴһĳͻ֣ͻȥ
֣巵ȻǸ˵л

ϣѺ簤һ
Ͼ˴֮Ե׽
Ѱĸ첲ȥǬ䣬²˵죬ļóҿ˾Ǹʲô
ϲģȻذǬȡǰ
ץסһ˶һһСӡ
һԪʯƿǸӣءһ
ȻһƬâ貣ŨԪ籡
ɲǼ䣬Щѡ
Ҳ˵ʵܸߣŻķӦ
ѣֱǺÿ
æָıִӱһȡһյ͵ѵߡͬʱһǴ߿ԪŨȡ
˺һѲŻΪʵǺۿ΢΢Щˡ
Ҳ̫żڱҪ䣬ڱȽϿտĵطԺӻǺܴķԪȻɢҲˡ
Ѱѹȫ꣬˺ܶࡣ
ʱŶ϶˵Ƿ˾˸ǸǬɣɹ󷽵ġ
ȿȡһƷԪʯ
糯ԶĴɨһۣشȷһ򡣡
Σ׺ˣ¶Цݵ˾˲
絹ûôԪʯҲƼѸղſܵӡ
ȫ⣬ְĸ첲ǸСӡ
еԥ
ߴٵ㣡
ΣֲƿѣָֻһһûʲôɱĹϴӵǣȲóԪŨټȻʹ˸ɾС׵ӵĸͬʱСӵĸҲ𿪡
ʵ֤绹治졣
СӴ򿪺ɢŨԪһ˲Χĳᣬһ졣
գգۣϳˡ
ƷԪʯ
ͬϳ
СÿһԪʯֻиѴ󣬵൱ӨȫɼŨԪƵģƷԪʯ貣һ㱡Ƶģһ֮С
Ѽʱס˺ûôܡ
ɴٵָСҲϡ
ѵ۾ģӦþһƷԪʯɣ
֪ʣովͿٿˣ͵ͷǡ
Ѳɸпǿɴ󷽶ˡ
ΪȻ
ʵЩѾˣʲǵȷ硣
ģִһֻǬҲĶ
ȲǸ־ǻӣʲ񣬼ҵ׿϶ҲǱȲǺġʱʱؽӼãͷҲ൱ԣ
ѺǰͬӣһһСӱոյҪСһȦǴ򿪺󣬴һǧƷԪʯСȻҲʮƷԪʯ
룬Ȼǳֻ£
ֵҲͦ˼ģΪ֪ѵδʲôġҪʲôԸɴ඼Ԫʯ
һȱʲôֱԼˡ


43 ȥԼ
ѼֻӶ, ҲóԼǷݡ
ļľҪڶˡ
ҩƤԪʯһ⣬ȫɫرÿ, Ʒ, ׵׶С
ԪʯȻҲеģҲһǧƷԪʯ㻨Ǯ, жֵܼĴһƷԪʯ, ȸǧƷԪʯҡ
Ծ˾δϲãǸɴǮľ˸˼ŪϲˡҸһǸδļҪЩ, Ҳɷǳ
ϲú, üض
ҵľ˾ˡ
翴, ҲһԭϻõЩʲôţЩǲ, мǵҲͦÿ, ʲôʱغ, ʹȴЩʼ

֪ѾѴҡڵ˲ϼ¥
̧ۿ⴦ѰŮߣе㽩Ӳ
Ϊϼ¥һ¥

¥дĿŮҲ໨ͻɡ
ڶƵ۹, ˿ڲ˿ڻ۹ʵǺҪģԻ¥Կ, ǿӻŮӽ뻨¥ΥġûֵҲͰˣҪǱһ㱨ȥƵ֪, ô¥ͬ䱳, ֶȽϲҡ
, ˶ԲմһմϾͻᱻ塪ϾеĻ嶼пܼ̳λģôܲ˼۹˿ڣⲻ϶Ƶ۵ιλضԵ
ȥһƳߵȵĻ¥ĴԹҲ࣬ΪңĿҲ
¥Ůݾѡ

һ磬Ц˵Ÿʲôһȥѽ
еԡԼδ¥Ǹʲô
ѾΪ˿ı飬ģʱ̲סЦ
[Ӻ˼]
[ĻﻨɼղģóǸ]
[ķҲܺóԣ]
Ȼ˿еΡ
ԣǶ桭
Ѽɳ̲סһ䡣
[Ҫ߻ɻҲǿ˽¸ġ]
ֱסˡ
죬Цת
[]
ˣ⻹ڶ
һʱ䡰򵨱̲סѵ
ѣ
[ʲôʲôң]
ЦЦ
Ѻߺţ̧Ҳ
޺ƼһĻɶӡ
ѽӺɾˡ
ڻ¥Ĵǰǲǲ̫ãҪ
ˣѾ
Ӧ
Ǿͱ
Ѹе㲻˼ȷѾӦˡ
סѵ֡
졣
ţ㰤ҡҰ㣬һ߽˻¥

ϼ¥ÿĿ̫ˣǵġϼӡ븺ǵġɾкЩλһ˫ۣ֪ҪôǱ顣
пŵĲϼ뻨ɾƼ߽ˣж΢΢һ
ߴӲǸӦǸ켣ҰģǵδǮͿˣЩúúãڽﳤģԼʷɣ͵ڵ㣬ԽڣԽŪǮ
иմøʱͣ½Ų
ΪǷ֣λȻӣһʱ˴֮ûʲôУƺΪ׽Ѱ˹ϵ
ȻƼʱɾҪСˡ
ɾֱӷˣ˷һԶд
ϼȴЦݣҡҷ˵˹ȥ
ˣ
λҪ͸裿Ĺ𡭡

ϼ¥ż䲢¥ĳܱյĵطǺ󷽵һ԰ӡ
԰Сˮ̨ͤ¥󣬻дï֡ƽ£
Ȼ԰Ӷż䣬۸Ҳ൱󣬿ûóǮ
õġ
˿̵̣ĳŵİ͸Щ΢ɫɢʹɾһ㡣
ƽĿҶϣʮòŮż⣬ӣȻ裬˼Ϊӯƿߡеǳˮ֮Ʈֻ޵࣬ȴδ԰еľ֮
ЩŮĿտʯϡӵŵ滨֮УźʵɫƤֻȥС
úܡ
Ƥһ̺ӣм䰲ŵϸοʯƤϵչֱ˫ȡ
ڲ棬պðȸ档
Ҳȣһסˡ
룬΢̧ѹϡ
磺
ǼСӵȲأ̫ˡ
û緢ʲôѾԹ磬ȺӲ
ĬĬ׼ջء
ʶѹѹ
ĬĬؿѡ
ѵһۡ
磺
ðɣڲܶ
ŵüһָ棬߰˵ɣóԵġ
еΣ־еЦӦá

ʮˣĿ࣬ÿһֶֻһӣʵСȫǶ׵Ľ׵ʳĴƶɣɫζȫ
֮԰
ϼ¥˶⣬ĻΪĲɫá
糢һѩ׵⣬㻬͸Ҳһ顣
Ѹ߸˵سˡ
ҲʱȻʵѣǰʲôʱ
һ㶡
΢΢ͷûʲô顣
ѺȻе顣
Ȼֻһ˲䡣
߳ŭ˵ϴ֣ӴԷģʮ꣡𣿡
Ц⣬ƽ˵Ժɡ
ѡѵ˼֡
С죺ұˡ
ЦǣлѹӸӡ
Ѷʱִˣ˵ӦĻм
ݸٺǣĻм
С⻹࡭

سһЩ˺ѾͱˣʣµЩһƣȫɨ
ѿӵĿյܺá
ϴκ֣һʱ˵ζǺģΪޣ˵Ĳ࣬кЩɫûгȥԣɲͬطղͬˣҲ֪ǲͬζͦźġ
ιԼеһ˸飬㡣
Ѳʣµķǣ˼ҵĹӸ粻ܾͬٶЩܣϲ
ڲͬˣء
ѺܸԼδǸܳԵġ
[ҳԲĸӦ]
ЦЦӦ˵öԡ
Ѷʱüɫ裬ϲЦտ

˵ԷԷ»Ǯ԰ӣҲûճ꣬Ӹ첲͸ɴطĸ첲
޺ȥˣ첲Ÿ첲Ƶߡ
ܿ죬˵ıӰʧ԰֮⡣
ֱײˣҶѶòǲȻͣ˶΢΢غ
ǵЩӡ
и̾ƾǵòȻҲλӵע⣬ǳ˳Ծǳԣǡ
һȻһЦ׾λһСˣĻܹ˵ǣֻųˣ顣ЩģǸŪġ
Ҳ׷̲̾סЦ
Ŀ˿˼
ǵǮû׬ҲɣǺġ


44 ұ㣨棩
ʱ仹ͦ, ȥͦĵط˹䣬ʱ˸¥һ÷
˵Ҳʱʱ, Ҳǳָܵѵľ桭
ڿϻԺˡ
ŮʰűȣԺΣۼѻ, ׷״չѯʽǼҹԵơ
ڻشˣȴûԺֱƵ۵޹ȥ
һСܣͷǺ
˷, ɴס
ѣ
[ʲôң]
粻˫, ׵Լĺϡ
ס
ȵ˵, ұ㡣
Ѿȵض˶, Ҳ֪˵ʲô
[]
еհס
Ȼ, ѵ°ļ, ָʹ˵ߣ
ʧЦ, ȻӴ, һƵģֱƵ۵޹ȥ

Ƶڴϵ, 칫Ĵϵƻͨ
ͻȻ䣬иһݡŮģĸڵǰ, ѹ˵, ֱ¶һ˿Ц, ɾġ
Ƶ΢΢ü, һ߷ɿʣһ˵Ƕɡ
װӦȥ
ᣬɤʹ⹫ôôæϢ
ƵЦЦԼδ߽һЦݡ
ʱ䣬Ҳúܺá
ƵЦôп⹫˵۸Сˣ
Ų۸磬ǰԼҪҵģ
ƵۡŶһ˵ԭǰ㡣
ţѵ𣡡
˵Ӧõġ
Ƶ۲ʧЦΪá
ҲӦһۣȻŶԶƵ˵⹫Ҫ˵
Ƶĵš
Ѽ˵һ˾ĸǣһҼȥ鷳Ҳ֪˭п˭ûյģһμ磬Ƕӣʱľ¡
ƵȻС￴ĴʵȴǺзִ硣ܰһμûʲôǻ˵һ
ǣƵ˵⹫£ӵԼȥд
̲õЦˣ߸˵˵ãҺͰһд
ƵۺЦУСһд
˵ٰ죬ӷȥ
Ƶףá
ܿ˵ˣѾͲٴԼ⹫ֻٴζ⹫Ҫ̫æϢ
ƵЦЦִӦá
ʵƵΪʥ̥ǿߣ˵һҹϢˣ㼸겻ϢҲƣѲǸǽģܶʱ򶼻ۡƼ˼Ͼ粻ȻҲᵣԼ⹫λ⹫СĹҲǼΪá

ѻȥʱǱ米ŵģԼСȻƣֹǵֱдǹһԷһ㡣дƼд֣Ҳö͵д˵һ𡭡
һϸţһĻ͡
˵ø𾢣⹫׼磬ҲܶţôŲ˵ȥ
ɸͣⷽûʲô飬ֻҪϾͺá
ҪĲ࣬ԺʱѾûʲôɶ˵ˡ
ֱӰ˱޷ǰ棬Ž˷¡
ʱ˵дӡ
۾Цݸÿ
ãȥϢ
Ӳ΢΢ͣ˵Ҳǡ

ڶһ磬Ѿȥˡ
źܿ򿪣¶Ѿ硣
ѿɵʣ磬ûϢ
æ˵ֻ硣
ѵͷдӣ
Ӧá
ɸ첲Ÿ첲һԺĴǰ緹
Դߺ󣬾ԽԽûдڸУʼϸرԸøóֵĶ׼ʱ֡
ͱ˿̡
˸극ͤʯϣѾźһ̽Ƶıī
磬һóӣǰ
һ֧ʣʣȸ˭д
Ѻԥ˵˾ˡ
ݻûȻҪȸλ
ﵹùĻ׹ܶ࣬ùһ
ԣѶٶеͬĸо
綮ˣսԱʼպīע񣬿д
ɲǼ䣬һī֭Ĵ־ϡ
ÿһʶиɣԼ͸һĨâȷְԵ
ѿ֣Լĸ첲
е̴̵ĸо
ǡе
˫΢΢ֺܺá
ɶȻһᾡ
¶ı顣

˵һѸɣÿһŵּһ޶ɢҲ޲
ѿŸˣ̲סһơ
[ҵİ磬ֺһÿ]
磺
ʼһ٣ѸŲī֭ϡ
ҺӸд꣬Ȼһ֮£ƾͶˡ
ûķӦڼ֣Ϊīܿˣ̲סȥ
ָ֮£һɢ˿˿ϢܶţСشָļ΢ûʲô⣬ָĴҲһëẹ̴̈ûаʹĸоҲû˵˼
ٵؼдӡ
ﻹеӿġ
ϰѵʱʱЩֱ̲סЩݣоֵֹġеˡ

ܿ죬ʮȫдꡣ
ĿǰƵۻŵŮʮˣ񺣾аˣĶʮλЩۣܲЩҲһЩʵϣӵŮҲǸһʵߵλֻ̤ʥ̥ˡ
λȽʥ̥ɻţȵƵ۾ȷ̳˵ʱͬӵιŮУȻʵߵλѡˣܸõıӻ۹ѹסʵ㹻ǣɵ۹ڲȨҡ
˵дӵʱûֵģʲôλʲôʵݣõĶͬӡ
дԺ󣬽Ȼѵ֮£дԼ֡
һӣ˵磬˾ĸҲϲġ
΢ᣬû˵ʲô
ԣӵŮϲϲҪֻҪѿںĶƵҲϿǾ㹻ˡ
ǡ˵ãǾǺá

ӼطңֻҪûչصĻӵŮڵһʱյϾҪԴһ
ڱչصģӻ͵ǵŮУʵߵһλ
ӣָᴥī֭ĵ̲סЦˡ
磬
ʱĸ£һǰݷá
üͷһ˵ɡ
ĸӦȥ
һλν˶ΪӢ󲽶룬ֱ˵常յѱܵ˰ɣ
ȳһЦֳ͵ˣ
λˣǷĳӣҡ


45 ¹
Ǹ, ԾͰӳʸȣشǡ
Ƚӹӿ˿ּһʽһ, ֻ˳ƺͬ
ݻȥʵСѵļٰʱֳڱչأȥ, Ҫ㸸ȥһˣ
˼һ£˵ʱҲͬȥֶʹǰʱֻгˡ
ȺЦе˵Ҳ̫Щ޷, СԭҲǸӣǰȻֳѼ, ȥǲȥ, Ҳ
, л˷Ȱæ, ֵͷ˵ѱܵȷӺá
̲סЦ, ȤͲһδ򣿡
ֻش𣺡ȥݷþǡ
ȵЦá
˵ʵڵ, ֶ˵ȷôػ, 常ĺأҲġ
Ҳͦϲġ

ҵĻӵŮǵ, зӦ
ѸյƳǵʱ򣬸ôϢҲˡϾڶƵĵλ̫, ҶĶ򶼺, սõ֣֮, ǰžҲ׷˽, Ƕ֣Ҳ˼רע
֮ԸûԼ˼棬ΪѾ˵δδ
ܱȻǱϵģҲӦиʽļ档
ˣʵǸҶڵȴŵġ
Ѳӣ
ֻ֤δֲˣôҲŲʽǵļ񣬾Ҫһ
˾˵

ȷ˼ʱ䣬Ǳչصģûпնӹȥ
ּǵȻҲĥ
ǿԴƲ⵽ʵսģĥȻܽ˽һġ
ͬʱٻӵŮе˼
벻ǽСϲľȻġ
Ҳͦã

ԺϣеǰԶʱʱӳԣҲһ˵Щйص¡
[˾࣬Ƚ䣬⹫߷ƣҲЦȾ˾˵Ȼ෴߰ٶˣҲ⹫һԺԺôģͰȢӣĿǰŵŮжʮɡĿҲӵұ֣ҲŮʵǿһٶˣȷȾ˾ͻأ־ߡĻұڼʮڿܾͻ񺣾ˣҲͬʵǿļ֮һǻкܶﱲﱲЩͲȥˣҲǲסҲܱ֤һֱڡ]
˵ѺȻֱӣץ˿ŸճĹӳǰһ
[תҪˡ]
в׼תס
ȥ
[ӵú׼]
[ˣϴθȾ˾˼ʱҲ߰˸Ů˰ɣڻжҾͲˡҲﱲﱲܶ˾˺ĸġ]
[жʮ˾ˣѾ˺ԺܺˣĸʮǼ޸˺ܴģµŮҲʮӭȢ˻ʷģе̾еûСûУԼŮ࣬඼ǻϺʳɷ̴Ϊ̥]
[һʱҲ˵Щݳʲô֮ŵЩֻҪڻʳ붼һݡ⹫˽صɫɣ滹ԿǷŵǸ֡˾ˣϾǡ֡˸˾˺ĸռһ룬˾˺ͷĸģŰ֮ڰɣֻҪǶСģͻǰŵ̤ʥ̥ˡ]
[Ȼˣĸ˾ĸȲ⹫]

ѵĽܣɿʮ׵ÿ׶˰ٱϡ
֮ͷ󺹣Żһ
ѱ׼װģӭһӭģûǰȸ̲ܵסһֵˡ
[ȲҪң]
[ˣȥϴ裡]
ĽŲһ٣ӡ
Ȼˡɿȥ˸ԡ

ʱѻŵġ
ѵǰȴѾһųðĸСʳÿһֶԪ棬ﵽĽ׵ĺö
ѿ磬ָָ
[ˣǡ]
[ǵøϽ]
һů
ѾǵһˣÿһƵĸо
Բĺܶ꣬û˶С
ʹǱֳܰӣʵȴǶܺõġ
ѣ
[ıΪʲôô֣϶߰Ķ]
[İ磬ߡ]
Ϊ˲ôᣬʵΪʲôܱѷС˼ɤӣǰ˵лѡ
̧°ͣ߰˵С¶ѡ
[лʲôʲôҺܲл]
񣬸ɴڳǰһ̾ﵹȥѩڼѹûô׽ͽ˶ӡԥһģٴδ
ơ
ǰ󲻵յʱ䣬мȽָܻԪĳʳһɨ⡣
ĺθڣҲɵ䴽Ц
[ϲԷ]
ë˲졣
аɣϲͶԸ
һɡ˵ûԱ
üЦ
[θã]

һӣûиڸϣֿʼ
Ѿһ¹
칦
ŹǶƵģƷ൱ߣһֱ֧ߵľ硪Ž񾳡˳һ·ȥĻߣܱϼʮ
ҲΪһȱҲûС
ƾǣʱۣ۵ĳ޶ȡ
Ȼ칦ʺ硣
Ƶۺεûи羭̫ദȴѾ衪Ҫٶʵ򶼿Կ˷
糢Źʱȷо˼µʹʹûгƽʱǿгſʱʹ࣬رǣԾ˺ûô
ȻڳſĹĥԼԪĲٿ֮ԾҲǺܴġ
ǰΪѡ
ˡ칦ɿԶԼȴǿгſĲٿ֮Ҳ˶Ƶһסնĥ
ն칦׵ģңһٵ
ڵԪȫá칦ĥתһ󣬾ͿԿʼնˡʱͻץԪѾתһ֮ࡣ

ڿ翪ʼʱ̲ס˻һ
[ÿһΰ칦;ֻŶۡ]
΢΢̧ۣ顣
̲סЦЦ
ԭѾ鲼ȫʹƺһ˲΢
һʱ䣬ʲôҲû룬ֻǾ㡣

°ͣȫ
[ңֻ]
[칦ǻģȰʵǿһ㣬Ҳ־ʱ͸һʱֻҪңҾͲôˡ]
[࣬ͷôٸɡ]
磺
аɣѲͦõġ


46 翪ʼ
ѿпٹȥ, գۼ͵˼ٰ졣
峿𣬴ŮݵȻѾæƵĹڴ๬Ů, ɫȰ׵
ľʱڰ, ѵ뷨ҹһԸٰܸʶʶ, ȻͿԸظˡȻǺܽ, Ҳû̫, ѵҪѺܶʱһǶ顣
ЩҲûòԡ
˵ףǹҲôġ
Ǹ㻨Ǯ, Ƕжôϲ, ʻǸƵӡ

ڷԷٰ졣
һ, Էرգֻ˷ɽ롣
ԷԷĴ²ʵ࣬϶ԷԷиĻľ, ɴƬƬĻ֡
ѡһ֯ӡ
ֻľ߰һŲ, ľĻѶϪƵ, ˮӿźЩµĻƯ, ԵøЩµĻ֦֮䡢Ϫˮһ, кܶʯ, ͱˮƽˡ
Щƽʯ, պʺϰڷŸɫȡơƷȡ
ЩʯĸߣǸû԰ƽʯͷͻЩɫʯʡʯȣЩϰʯҲ̬֮Ƶλ

ڼʱ佫ʱѺһ԰
һɨòõòĲࡣ
[ǹȥ]
Ҳɨһۡ
ʵ˵ⷽûʲôôһҲû
Ͳ֪ôˡ
粻㹼ѵ˼˸Ǳӵλӣסѵ֣ȥ
һǷ򣬶ʱˡ
[۹ܺã]
΢΢͡ûġ
ѷס֣һ߸˵زȹŵʯͷ˷֮䡣
˶١
ŷ֣ʯܿˣֻҪȥˣ˾ͻᰤúܽЩڡܣ
Ѽ粻ͷüͷ˵磬ô
˵䣬ŲŲ
ȥˡ
ҲҲҲûʲô

ɲǣֻһŽʵӲļ⣬·͸ҲԼƵģȻеŤ
Ҫ˵ҲûôӽֻǿռȽСĴڸԵøǿˣҲ
[Ӳ]
磺λС֪ʲô
ѵ뷨ʶģȻҲ֪ﲻԾҺܿ죬иģģػ
[طеСˡ]
[ڰϻ᲻Ƚ]
[˻еȡ]
[ĺӲҲŲ]
[ȡ]
ȴ΢΢ȡ
һʱ䣬ѵĴڸҲ֮ߣԼӲĴȴһļԷϢҲ·˹Ʋɢ̲סرøӽӲˡ
ѲԾسϷɡҲΪյȾЩӷʱٿȻ
ʮӵ
ȻѣȾ˾ˡ
Ҳ̻عӦǡʣҪȥӭӣ
Ѵ˸Ƿ˵ˡ󣬻վ߳ȥ̫鷳кɣҪģҲöӡ
ʧЦԸҶϡ
Ѻһ㱾Ӧϡ
æ˵ǣġ
˶̶̼仰ѾԶ˹
Ѵӻﳯ̽ͷŷֵȾ˾ˣԼط
ѭȥԴ̿ô
üЦҿûأ
̧߹λӸ˸λ
ҲΪߵôˣŷ֣ʵﻹδĸ첲ֻߴαľסˣԵͻأðƵġ
ҲȴкһػȾ˾ˡ
ȴӦһֶǰʯϵһյһڡ
̬Ҳͬúܡ
ѳʣȾ˾ˣҪٸһݼ𣿡
Ҳ˵˾Сѱž˾һ޶˰ɡ
ѱ졣
ȺЦһСϻӶȥ
һѽӹһ
Сϻһ׵ƷߣرƯ񣬱Ө߿ӰĹ㣬תתΪˡ
һ۾ϲˣسȱ˸Ĵָ
Ҫ˵ֵҲͼٽһԪңȷʵѵϲá
Ҳû˱ˣǱ߶˸Сӡ
һݣҲ׵ıҩ֭ʺϴ
˵л˾ˡ
Ȼ֪ѵӣʱҲ˵С庢ӡ

ʱ򣬺ٴɤҲ
ʮŮ
Ȼģһλűɫȹòٸ˷ӯ޷ƣ͸һı⣬һλ־ףߡ
˿̽Ժٸ¶һĨЦݣֵ֣ѻ˻ӡ
СѣòҲᡣ
кĸþòĸ첲ҵδ硪
类첲źˣĸ
ڴЦ
ָԼˣĸԼȥϲλӰɣ
̳ٻ˻֣ȻȥѡһʢǳذСĻľˡ

ţ½½кЩӡŮ
˸ţѺǽʱѸٵشк
Ѿ˾Ÿӣ߸Ů
ǵʵ඼ףֻ˴ﵽס
ֹյʱ䣬һ൱ȵѹȻ롣
ѩ
ͬһʱ̣ϪıԵһλװŮӣò·ŵˮ˶һֱвͬ
һλ
ѩ
ѩʵֻΣļ塢ͷȴ㲻١
ѩ΢΢һЦ֡
̾
[ˡ]
[żû¡]
ݵеʱۿѷ

ѱһ͵ס˲λϱ ƮƮطɵ˷ѩǰ
ǰĽݣԹѩĸôÿζѾˣѾʮ
ѩȴ̧˫֣С
ɤ᣺ʮҲǸСأӱöࡣ
ѣ
[ǰǰѩĸⳤ࣬˭֪һʷһٶ̾ʮ檰ϲֹ߰˴ˣ]
[㲻֪λĸɫˣ]
[ҿҪǲѾЩ̵ϣֻʵȷĸѷɫ]
[벻ͨҪô̾ʲô]
[⹫ǧӶûķ̶࣡]

ѩʵǶƵ곤Ů˰ٶͣһλͬ鰮ķǳϲɫŮɡ
ͬʱȱֿݣںԺ˶ʵ⻹Ϊãе̾檿ʱһųȥǸһױ


47 
ĬĬر, ĬĬ̾˿
еľ˸ĸҲֻλѩϲġ
[ȻҲףѩĸϲÿ, ôÿ, ̲סҲ]
[ÿζô£о׬Ǯеۡ]
[粻õģһˡ]
[˵, ҶҪ, ðҲŪԺȥ]
[, ˣ˭Һÿأ]
Ҫѵڽϵش绹ľͻܵġ
һֱڸ˵, ƼԼСӱô, ǲԾü, Ҳ֪ѩõ󲻴۲ۣ
ûԥ簴סĲ̹Ǳߴȥ

ѺܿоĽӽ, űƣ۽ǵȥƳ
ѵ, ·һӲʯͷƵţȻûſֹĸ֮׽, ڸҲ൱ˡ
ѩһĻϸüë, ɿѡ
, ˳ְĸ첲
̧, ȵѡ
׼ѩʱ, ޵ңң𡪡

һȵѹʾһλ񺣾ǿ١
ѩЦЦ˵ĸˡ
䣬һƵʧգ۾һĸ
ѲŵͷͿһλθߴӢлӢ˲һ緢İȻ֮С
λǷˣҲһǰݵλ
ʵҲеȵġ

߽ͿվǰͷɵˬʵЦСѣǺþòˣ
¶õЦݣ֣˾ˣ
Ҳɨ磬֪˭¶˴żӵɫ֮ǰСּУԼƳһЩʲôڼˣҲҪ࿴һۣ
粻ɽ
ڶƳǴþˣʵѾôˡ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ܿѵк£Ҳȥ˸λ
ţ½ִ˼ͨ
ϼ

ϼзϼѩһһλŮʵѩһЩҪС̫ˣƺ֮㣬Ǳ޴֧ʵ٣Ҳܿ¹򣬼˼ܣΪ˿á
һλӣҲǱȽһλʵǱȽģͬϺܿ̿࣬൱ǿڶеĶ⣬ڲνǿơ֪ʹĿǰͬлкܴʵռ䣬һҵ֧֣ҲȻ൱һʱﱣͻͽ״̬

λλߣ˲Ż֮ûӵŮ
һλλûеⲢǲӡ
з涼ǰ벽ʥ̥ʵƵ۹нڶƵۣܺͼϹﲢ
ǻѴʱ䶼ϣＸǰչأѾչسʮꡪһʱģǲǰˡ
λͷԨڰ
ǲֻ߸ϵصȴ֧ǵԴģҪܶණƵ·Ĺ⣬ǻŽ۹ڲΣ޵Ρ

Ƶ۹ĸСﶼ½ز˺ͻʳӵֶΣöƵۿԼ⵽Ũȵ˲ǰ
ɳ˳⣬ĵطǻĽҰ⡣
ɽУ൱ǿޣ߽޵ʵͿ񺣾ˣǳɳȥﵽ˽ǾŽסôһ뿪ɽ֡Уͻɼֲʧ
ĵ۹գΪǿеѪʳ
Ϊ˱ӵиʵٺ»ͬʱҲҪǷ䵽ĻҰѲߣѲﵽ߽׵ޡ
ÿҵЩޣǾͱȥǳ
˵˫ڲľ磬޵ֶǲߵģͨǾһ󣬶ܹ֮ɱ⣬Ҳ񺣾ǿߣʵ̫ǿΪһʧǾͻЩǿǰȻֵ
ʹǱչصЩɴڡ
ǻڱչǰͰǿ߷ʱǰѲ飬ȥЩǿޣר˽ͼ¡ȳԺ۹͡

ԨͷѲߵĹзͷ߽ޣΪ˱֤𣬻ǿߴȥ˴롣
ȥĵطȽƫԶʹ͵ǵﶼûѼʱ䣬ҪǸҪһЩˡ
ˣλȻǸϲġ
ЩûйĻӵŮǣһڱչأһҲΪԵʲڹ
пյģĵȷȷˡ
ǵִԺҲѿͿģ׽

һжﰵĥš
Ѿ»صλϣˣ͸߸˵س˸ƣʾʽʼ
ɲǼ䣬๬˶
ԭϯϵһЩƷ趼ȥòĹȹѣˮض־ʵζȣһһڷڿǰƽʯϡ
ͬʱȰ˸澴һЩŻ輧ŮȻϪϡּ裬˼ΪҲ翶飬һĻĻΪĻ档
ѷǳ˵λ˾ĸֻܳԺȰʲôҪľкǣҺͰ簤
ӵŮǶ֪μĿģôֱ׸ɴ࣬Ҳ̲סغЦ
ȴͷЦ֪ˣɣ
Ѿ͸߸˵
æһ߻һˤģҪöˡ

ʼ
תת˷ѩǰŲ
ѩĸ磬ҵδ򣡡
ѩĸ
ѩ˿˿ЦֻǬֱ𽻸ˡ
һ˲ţѺܰ䡣
ȥ㻨Ǯ
ָѩȻ˳رһλ
˾ˣҺͰҵδ򣡡
˾ˡ
ο˵ܺãܺá
Ǹָ㻨Ǯ
ϼȥȥһģһÿһֻǬ
Ƕ;裬ȥλ־ĻӵŮ裬Ǿ꣬־ĻӵŮǡͬʱǰ˳ӳ
һ߾裬Ҳһֱû
[磬Ǽ࣬ҿҼԺãȻǲסô˾ĸ]
[ǲǺǵͶ֪]
[Ҳ֪ǻʲôϣ˾ĸܴ󷽵㡣]
[ôݣĸÿҾǷѩĸ]
[ʵĸҲܺÿѩĸȫһķ񣬿ϧڱչأȻԿʲôˡ]
[ĸǱǻҪÿ]
[˵ҾҺûĸݸɵֺһȣȻ۹ģ]
ĬĬš
ֻǡôǸֺˣ
΢һơ

Ѳ֪뷨ڰܸԺشصǵλϡ
еۣһ˵İ


48 
ȻҲһٷĹ, ԺѺԳԺȺȣӵŮǳԳԺȺȣȳԺԺ, ҲûŪʲôֻ, Ǹ鹵ͨ, ɢɢˡ
米һſ, ˸Ƿ˵ǻȥɡ
, ȵ˵á

صԺֻȫۣһ, ˴ϺëƤ
绤ڴ, ƽɢӣ鲻΢΢͡һƣ룬ȥˮ򵥵زһ
ȻҪת, Ӿͱһס
šüëʣ磬Ҫȥģ
һ㶡
ÿɵ, Ӵ˵¡
ʵʵˡ
ѳ䴽һЦ
Ը
Ѿ˵ҿǶ˶١
磺
֮а
ûѶóߵš
ʣʲô
𣺡, ɾ, ӵŮϲ˸ɾļ, иӵ֮
һӣҾ˵Ҳˣýɣ
ӦǡŴ߽
̺ѩӯ˸̣кЩֻǬ
ǳϤĳ档
ȥŮǵʾˣѵķָ
ŮǲٴţȻ¡

ѿǬָͷһšӣԼȤ뿴ġ
ĸʼءѰ˼غѡ͵ķ󣬡һͿĸİɡ
ɫǬ涣صһѵƷԪʯ
⡣
ǣ⡣
ʶȤر򡣡
Ҳû⣬ֻ˵ĸеЩ㲻ˡ
ƷԪʯļֵ͵ͬڰ˰ƷԪʯΪƷԪʯƷԪʯҪ׻ȡö࣬ڻʱ򣬺ܶƷԪʯģƷԪʯʵֵҪƫٵġ
֪λСӻҪ˵ֻš
ȻѾͿʼ䣺Ҳͦɵģ˸˵˵ʵˣ˲С檣Էĸٰ衣ҲǷĸΪʲô氮ѹûԼݣҪȻһӣҲôԴ
ڷĸеԣܿ˱ˣϵĶҲ̫ˣ⹫Ҫĸһʶ˲Ľѵûи˽⣬ĸҲѾȥӪϧֶһ㣬ҪҲû¶Ԫʯ
һٶǰּһңͷǿԣЩ滨ҲӡǶڸٽҪܶԴʱڣȷʵԴȽϽš
磺
Ҫ֪ѵӣһϯôء
ʵϣѶ˳˵ˣҲ˽һ·Ǹʲô˶ѡ

ѵȷûô˼ΪѹûԺС檻۸ĵǡȲ˵ԼƷһԼһԾᣬͰƵˡôϿⶼǩϾ͸˲һ
ǣѺһ߸署ݵĹ£һֽذѰƷװãٲһǬĶ⵹
ѰĻӵŮʵģһ⣬ȫԪʯֻеƷеƷƷһûС
ƷĿڰʮ֮䣬Ʒһǧǧ֮䡣
͵ЩߵľԶЩ
ٲǵġ
ͬԪʯƵģͳͳһƷһƷ
ûȤˣԼš
ɨһԼģ˵Ҳûʲô⣬Ǵ඼͵㻨Ǯ͵޵С⣬ֵܼƷҡ١߰˰ƷĶУСûˣȾ˾ġ
˳ӵպԼЩе㸴ӡ
Ѿǲ֪ڼαˡ
Լʱ򣬴ûĳһֻһŪ־߾硪Դ
ǱѡˣΪδѡ
簵⣬־㹻ᶨϵͳʱĥ¹㹻ɰҲͻȻһ㣬̬Ȼ͡
һ̬仯ˣ˶ᷢ仯
粻ɸңԼǩǼԼ
һܸѸıϡ

ѰذԼĶŷ羹Ȼڴ߷
еơ
[ʲô]
Ȼѣѡ
Ѱĸ첲ӣȻʣʲô²⣬ǲЩԪʯô
һ㶣ɫֻȤϲ̲ס࿴һ
Ѽַ첲¡
[ʲô]
æ˵ֻ롭΢ͣס
е㲻ˣֱʳ룿
絽׻ʵشˣ룬ܺÿ
ѣ
[ΪʲôȻҵȷܺÿ]
Ц⣺ѱ⡣
죬׻һ˵ҲŲ⡣
⻰ڵʱоȡⷢȡҲЩȡ
ее
ããȻءһζƬˡ

һѵƳһ׮¾Ͱˡżȥ棬żԺʱʱȥ⹫ͦյġ
ڼ䣬ԽݹһϢ֪ѣɳСѾ˳ؽغֺƵļСĻԵ֮ǡΪֺڱغͬʱҲܿвҲٴαǽغ
ֺƵù£ÿ˵Ȼá
֮࣬ҪôҪôһʹŵ裬ʵǻܵúܡ
ԭսֺ̫ƵˣÿѶҪͬιҲپӦ
ѻһƺҪһ㡭

֪䣬͵˸ȥݵӡ
ֵһǣһδƵ۹ȥμǷ
׼ĺ񡢸ôˣһж޹أȫǶƵͬһš
еǰһ죬ȥƵһ죬쵽ҹʱ򣬲ػصԼԺӡ
յϣѵ˸磬ǵøƵһš
ƵۺСԼɴϷ
ſڴ¿ԶƵ֡
ƵҲͬ֡
ҪֿһƵġ
ֱҲƵ۵ӰѲ̾˿˵磬ǻڶƳסһʱɣ
΢΢ºͣӦá


 ݸ 


49 
ݡ
Ǵеλߵ֮һ, ȴĩλ
źͺԪɶļ飬佨ƺǵõһЩ֧, ҲЩ, ϵȽιֻ̡ǰҵ, ˵һλʵߵĺ, Ѹšﵽ˵λѡ⿴Ĵǽ飬Ͳôȶûܽһͻ, Ҳڼ䣬һĹϵȻԶһЩ֮ûٳһλǿ, ڵĵλҲ͸Ӷҡ, ᧿Σ
ΣĿǰҲֻѷɫҪӵġ
ʱѦһǧ߰ʮĴٽ
µ¡ĵǶæµͬ׼磬Ҳ㷢, ǰ硣
Ȼӻɸ
ֻЩҲҪ縺Ҫζѡ

, 塣
ɽǰΧһƬСɽе壬ҲѦľӴʹ֮ء
Сͷ붼ֲһЩϡѦĲΪĸߵ״Ǿס
Ϊߵ״ӣ
ʱҲסڼϡ

ɽ
һλòĵŮС½ǣɵɽ·ϡ̬֮ܣ꿴Ů̬ʱ, üۼ̲ס˳硣
, Ľ¡˵
Ů̧, 欵ĺۣȴ͸һ˿Ľ΢΢̺ĴӣңӨ
ʦ֣ңҲŲأ
鲻ɸˣ߲ŮĴϣͷɿʵض˶ٿŮ飬ֻѹǹȡ
ɲŵˡ
ŮƺʲôûзЦøˡ
˵ʦʱй͵ʦ֪˭Ҵû
룬ĵػش𣺡ӦǶƵ۹ͣʦĺƵ۹ĵ𣬾˵ʥ̥۷ֿ񾳣νǶǿߡÿһʦ٣Ƶ𶼻ǲŮ磬ʦҲϾʱȥݷõ𡣡
Ůе㲻⣺ȻǺѣΪʲôԹأ
谮ЦЦҪ۹뿪ŮаλǸʦླĴǿߣǹҲԱ̬ˡ
ŮƶǶ˵ͷŶԭ
˼ţ½Ľ̸ڷƮɢ
ʦ֣֪ʦڹȥʲô𣿡
ǰһЩҽӴ˵°ɡ
Ƶ۹ĹͻǽӴ𣿡
ӦòᣬϾԷ

ŮѦ澪ȵѿڶʲôҺʦȥӴͣ
ʦ֣֡ҲЩ죬ͬʣǣ粻ߣǷڵ
ǲܲɻ󣬶Ƶ۹Ǳ߱͵λߣĻͬǿߣ⵱ȻǺܸӵġ߼ʹǸʦ㣬ǵıֺ࣬Ҳ̫ԶˣλҲͲˡʵҲ񺣾߽ףĳͬһ
ѦЦΪʦյõϢһͬĻһλ꣬ǶƵΪ۰СͲ࣬ҲΪʦСĵӣӦĵأ棬һΪʦд
ѦʣǴʦͶʦأʦǣ
ѦʦΪʦͽ񷱶࣬ʦҪʦʦҲæµҲº͡
Ѧ滹ЩãȻʦ˵ˣҲصͷ
֣Ƕˣ¶ƵλƢܺãʦʦҲнݴԲҪ̵д
ǣ֣˵ʦģӺһдλӵġ
ѦһЦΪʦȻġ

뿪֣˿ƵĸѦؽ⣬ѦҲˡ
Ҳ֪λСʲôӣòദ
֣˵ΣĶԴǡ
ѦҲ˵ʦ˵öԣһĵġ
֣ЦЦͬʱҲеɬ
룺ôãϲλҲһϲİɡ

Ѧֻصɽʱֿ֣ˡ
صԼסѦĴϣһö¶顣
ʱ򣬲߳һλν׳ߣӢǹеɫ˵ˣôˣ𣿡
ѦͷѾǳǳЦݣҰǶ˵𣿲ҪˡʦһҪˡ
Ұ¶һĨжɫ˵ҲǸİԳ
Ѧüëô˵Լ
Ұ̾Ȼ˵ˡ
Ȼȥݺõ裬˵˴˵ŵĶιӻǰˡС򵼣ڹһ䡣
Ѧһţһ˵ǸƤǣҿɲ򵼣ʱǵö㿪ɡ
Ұ˵д̽Ԫɵعӻͬʦһ磬С»ᰲʱ
Ѧ涸Ȼܣ΢΢عĻ
Ұһ˿ʣֺܿѹȥ˵ĻһƺƺиԵɡ
Ѧæ׷ʣʲôԵɣ
Ұ˵ƺڵĹͼһ棬һζҩڵĵΪҵζҩļʸߡ
Ѧʱ¶Цݣ͸¶һֲԾġ˵̬˵ԭҩʦдͼܳĹӣܺΪѣҩزѣͿԸعӰæˡ
Ұ﷢ᣬȴ͵ǵġ
Ѧ̬˵ǽҰҪҩҲһ뷽跨Ūġ
Ұ־
ǰŮôܲĶأ
ֻǡ
䲻ϣҲФ롣
ٶİĽֻѹ
ҰֻϣõԸ˶Я֡
ԶƵġعӵļʣסһ˿ðͷĻ

Ѿʻ࣬ڼҲѣڣҲ˸ʱһЩҪº󣬾Ҳû̫Ļ˵
͸ɴѿռøδСڡ
ؿһûһظġ
֪Ҳ˸⣬˵ǸʲôɣѣǸɵӡΣ
룬˵ӡͨɣûʲôֵüס£룬˼طɫ⣬Ҳûʲôˡ
˸⣺ʲôӡȽ𣿡
Ŭػ룺ӡġûаɡŶˣѦӸ򵼣ȥļطŵģʲô棿˵⣬һˣΪûУ˵㣬ûʲôҪġҪһʲôҩţ߽׵İɣмָ꣬һꡣ
ӡûˣǶȷʵûʲô㡣Ҫ벻򵼡ϾҲһ߽ױҩѣﶼв٣οʮ󣿿ȷʵɵķϣ㱨͸ˡ
˽ѵģ֪ȷʵ߽ױҩ¡

һĨ⡣
Ѳ⣬ȴ߽ױҩλֻǴ·ѣȻҲ㿪Ҫǹ۸ѣĴûɡ


50 ϲ
һ, յա
ڵϷȻһƬŨصӰͷסƵ, 䱾ɢޱѹ˲ʱ;˷Բڵǡ
һұ
һа˽׵Ŀ±
, ˽ױ, ڸֻһѣΪ֮, šȻ˼Ԧһұ٣Ѱһ㡣
Ѧ˰˽ױĵ׼һڳ׽ĵ, һ׵ıۣһͬ˱ǰ
ѦΪҪС, ֣һ𶼸Ѧ
˿̣ҲΪⱦ𾪲ѡ
ȻȻôΡ룬ǿ
֣ͬпѡ
ǶƵ۹ĹͰҲǸڳ
ȻǷͬѰ

ǳ޴, ϰɳϴźܶθߴߣÿһλױ, ʵҲ־
Ӵʵ£
װĺ󷽣СһĴ, ֮, ÿһַΪ㡣
˿, ǰĴմٿȻ, ߳
һȺݲ׵Ĺ, Ů磬ߣݣ
һλӢ˲ģߴ߳һϮΪۣͷڣ˶͸һֲɱӵǡ
ӹɣλǴ˴κٵĶƵ۹
Ѧ󣬲δ̸ѣ΢΢źЦЦкѣ˼ҵȼˡ
ʵǣͬʱҲ͸¶һϢŻֵˣǾԲܺӵġ
ȻһɤڱԹ˾˱ߵ̫ˡ
ģӰ
Ǹ꣬һʮ߰ͣϵѵɫǴɫҲǵɫһˣȴŵǶඣڵԪʯ෱Ļơ⣬䡢ָϡϡͷҲŲΣͬɫвͬȴԵӶңͦгġ
ȻעĿò
޾׵٣˫ӣ͸ļӨƺֻҪһͻ̵ĺۼһ·ѽؽŻģ
ٶװκٻڵѹȥַɡ
ߵǸԼĪĸߴӣһ£ϸȥֻᷢ½ڵȴϸܵİƣȻ͵ء
Ȼڿĵһʱȴ⵽ţǻᱻӲ̲ʵҰԡҲû͡
ǺҲкЩݲ׵Ů澣ֻͬϢĬ˿

˽һп
Ѧ²⣬ǸӣλѹӵȷаȫС
ֻҲ֪ΪʲôѹӽύΪѵ䵭˺ܶࡣ
ҲΪѹӵ̫
ϲ

ѦЦݡżеӭǰ˵һ·ˡ
ҲЦݣ̬Ⱥܿ˵ú򡣡
ѦҲ˸ĳƺ˵ֶ⣬ȵϷϣ
˵㣬Ȼԡ
˫֪ϾڵıҲǰ˽ףΰ˽ױݵؽȥǻڱķϵ˵ֵҡԻתƵͨڵıϣȥ㡣
Ѧкֶ˴
Ҳٴ˵
ţѦױǰһļװ壬һֱ쵽ǰ˽ױϡ
װǳʵҲܿŮйȥȻǷ½̤ϼװ塣
ᣬ˶תƵױˡ
΢΢תǱС
ɲǼ䣬Ϊһ⣬˷ġ

һұʵǷ˽ذ˽ױ֮һ
ÿһԦĶǸӵеİ˽ױÿһλУֻʽŸ˵ϲöвͬѡ
Ƶ۹ڶƵ۵ľӪ£Ѿ۵÷ǳۺˣ۹ڵĸ˲Ҳܶ࣬ȻͰܴ챦Ľˡر°࣬Ϊ˽׵񽳣ֵܴ̫ˣǶƵģĹڽӵǵĶʱڶƵ۵ϣҲܾ
ǺǶ°ﶨ˲ٰ˽ױƵԼƵĸ࣬һЩȽϺĻӵŮǣֻҪлȥһϾĶƲǣ
һλվտİ˽˵ֻҪ㹻࣬ɾͲ⡣
֮Ժٰ˽ױԭʵûʥ̥ǿߡ
񺣾ǿǺ뵽ܹȡ˽ױĵյصģΣգʥ̥ǿ߾Ƚ˳ˣͿŪܶࡣ
һ󾳽ĲͬǵһٿԽ
νǿǿ˰ɡ
Ƶۿʥ̥۷壬ͷŽ׵ĺö൱ֻ࣬ǽóƶѡ
һ°ܽΪŽ񽳣ȥҾŽ񽳰æˣ°ȻڶʱƳľŽױĿ档

ѦЩĽؿ˷Ǳһۣ̾ѡ
ͬйһ·ĺѣѾԽӴĵ۹ﶼѾӵۺǿʵȴֻʦӺͺѵɾ̳ͣǰ˵֮λɸһĿȴѾûˣҲҪɬöࡣ
ǣվͺѶǰȡԶ޾ĻҰġֻܺʦһиһ
ѦԼ̳мִġ
õѾ־ͽ壬ʵ൱ǿģĴҲܺáǰѦСȴѣѾﵽ˰˷˷˽ʱ£پ֮ǰ֪ܽʲô̶ȣҲ൱ǱôֻܵˣȵǸʱ˭ʵǿܻȡ

Ѹһ𣬿ǰķѦ㺮ѡû˵ĵȴȥ
[㷢ûǸǿѾͷǸ򵼵ģڿҲʵҲҲ]
֮ǰͶǸСʲô桱ĹɣôһᣬĿѾѦɨ
õǲӡ󲻼ѣΪ۸ѣΪͿ˳ۡ
ҲΪⲻ˳ۣ˾衣
꣬˵ܹ࣬ǾԵʣҲܵһЩصĸ֪һۿͲ̫ϲģ඼ʲôöֻߣһΣա
ȻȻáʲô桱ʲôӰ죬Ѿڵʱ䣬ҪѴ粽롣
ѿɲ֪ô࣬߶ء
[Ѿͷҵе˲ڸʲôԱߵСӣôҲֵֹġ磬Һе㲻ԤС]
[֮ʲô鰮߰ҪҸϽȥɣҼǵҲû°ôѪ𣿣]
[ѦүҪǻѾͷ򵼣Ҫ˰ɡоˣʱҴУò]
Ϊڲ̫ĵطûжѹ׽ֻ˶ʱСۣ
ȻҲһ㡣

ױ߹ͺ⣬ǰ˽ױ˶ޱȣ˽µۺܶ࣬Ҳвٲ²⡣
һЩͽϴȴû̫෴ӦϾƵʮôһأʵòŴСܹ֡ٴ˶Ƶ۹һֱֽöѡ
ЩȴΪ⾭飬Ըٺ˽һҲõ˵̾־һʱ䣬ݶԽ

ѵ˵סͰźõģÿûб仯
Ϊȷ϶Ƶ۹ڵĵλȻԴѦ̳֮λʼʱرΪƵ۴һй൱ľ·ﶫƻûססȥҲ֤Ѧġ
Ҷǿѵģͺܺá

ǵһէʱȤȱȱͬ泯ǴŵĹȺʱ²ؿȥġ


51 ͬ
Ϊ۳Ͷ١, Ƶ۹һ˱Ϣվʽٰʱ䣬ѦҲЩæʱûɵˡûϵ, ÿζƵ۹öȽ󶼻סһСӵ, еʱ乵ͨ
йĹܶ, ͬסĶǲͬĴᷢǰһλ뿪, һλԾסǰס֮ص
ƵӦþסһֱǿŵġ
ѸŷסǡһǳµСҲǷ֪Ƶ۶ѵĳ谮, ѡСĹΪԼľӴ
ͬ磬򱾸סСһƫ
, Ǳá
Ϊֱ磬ԼС
[طֵֹ߰ģ˯һ𱣻ң]
һů
ѣǺϣԼ, ԭ⴦ѾΪĵ̣Σյĳ̶Ҳˣ¡Σô, ⻯ƣͻֱӼ˲ѵһë
, ʵϷǵİȫҪһסѡ

Ѽ˳ӵظһ, ˿ͬʱ, е㲻ˡ
Сס˻ǲٵ, ֻڲ޵ȴ, һסǴ´ģȻˣҲխôĸͷͦģͺȻرдڸС
ҲһģҲͷһΡ
緢ѵ㾽ȣԾغһ
ȻѷһЩ
ɴߵһߣԸݵĴˣǼҹӹ߳ȵĹ
Ȼ˽ݣѵ
Ŵյе˵Цˡ
磬˯ıߣʱͻȻֱ׳
˵ġ
Ѿϲʵӣʱʼ
[Ҫ˯棬ͷ̫ˣҪ˿Ҫ˯棬ǰͷ̫ˣһСҷô죿]
[ѽⴲ̫Сˡ]
[ǵģû˻Ҿһ]
[ҵ϶û̺ӣһˤ۵ġ]
[롭]
ţȡ
ʲôʲôġ
Ͽҵ˵Ƥڴߡ˯ڴϣ˯ƤϾͺãҲûʲôġ
Ѷʱˣšüë˵Űδ𣿡
磺
˯ƤԶԶﲻŰĳ̶Ȱɡ
ףԼҪô˵ˣСӾҪŭϼŭˣæԼԷƱˣֻǰ¶ޣƤѾܺˣûй˼ɵ顣Ҫ˯Ƥӡ
⣬һ滺ɫ
֪ͺá죬Ժ㶼¶ˡ
Ѳֻ˵˵ֱӴǬóһ
һƴСͱ
ʵϣôСġߡһ߽ױ
˵㡣
뷨ܼ򵥣ıúܣָһܺôʲô綼¶ˡ
Ϊʲô߽׵ģ
Ϊ˽׵ԼҲֻһܣ⹫׼ģ߽׵ļأȻԴһʺġ
˶١
ѲͷˣֱԹŰ㵱˵㻰ˣ
Σ߽ױúõ
ʲô취ʲôطŪϲĶء
ȫҲֵĿ϶
粻Ṽѵĺ⣬ʱܳϿҵض˵һúñܵġֿޣʵϲķˡ
Ѽϲͺ⣬Ծ¶һЦ
Ҳ̲סЦˣ͡
ôԺԺ˵ĿǰҪǶǸʲô桱
ֻҪ뿪;Բ뿪ѵңҹҲһ˯͸ˡ

ҹԡ˲˯һ
棬档
һΡӴ󡱣΢ͬһСɽƵģܽʵʵذѵס
Ҫ
ȷʵáɽԽ롱С
ѷ˸ͬġ󱳡
ּֿӲ
Լȫͬ
һûסָ˴ı
ָµĴУӲ
ԽԽӲ
[û˯]
ѵﷺֹƵİָջȥ
û˵
˿
[˯ˣʶرɡ]
[˵˸جΡ]
ҹѱȰĳʵˣ룬ԥԥ֣ϡ
ţûϼʱ䣬˯ˡ
磺
ֻƵĴڸԽԽˡ
ţŬɡ
Ȼ
ȵĺԼĺ󱳣λСԼж˯ʲôģ
˯ˡ

ʱԵġɽѾʧ
˸ִ˸Ƿ
[ܵȥˣ]
䣬ߴӰͳſڡ
硣
ش
ƲƲ˵ôһ˵֪ûʲôԼ䣬ܻܲ硣
ȴ⣬˵꣬Ҳ㡣
Ѷʱˣոյ뷨һѷ̧°˵𣿡
ݸˡ
ܺã˵ȥɣҲ㡣
ԴѵʱӲ˿ҲỺЩ˵á

ʱʽȴ磬Ѻ綼ûôż
ȻֱʱѰѣҪһǰȥ硣
Ůͱ˷ΣȺһԡ
ԭؿأˣƵʱ䵽ˣ
Ц˵˶쵽ˣѹᣬҲ׼
ѻȻҲô¡
ǱҲͣѵԡ
кһԷ˵˾ԴҺͰ绻
Цȥɡ

ûһȥǸʰ׵
ᣬѾȵٴγˡ
˿ˣװ綼ܲ߰ɡǱĶᣬֻܸҾˡ
ѵͷİɣҺͰ綼֪
ţһûи໰˵һȺŮƺƵ뿪
ڹ⣬·أһλӢˬŮӣףϢȣûʮȴҲ߷ɫ
ʱŮӱȭΪ̬䡣
΢΢ףʾǰ·
Ůɴ󷽣ת롣
Ѻں棬Ҳ΢һŮӡ
[磬ҿǸʲô桱Ѿͷ˳һ㡣]
粻źۼ΢΢ͷ
۹λʱȽӦòǸԶӵСˡǲ˲ʲôøУȷʵ
˴ԼҲµˣܱǶƵ۹ʹ·ģڻǻеλģӦûͽ֮
ʵҲȷˣλӢˬŮӣѦǿõļ̳֮һʵǿĵӣ塣

ƺĹȡ
һɽȣ滷ɽһƬγŻ״Ĵ泣ŨЩȴӿֻڹ߮ԳһС
Ѧһδ٣ɽоٰ졣
Ƶɽϣ͹Ŀʯ̨ʯ̨йʯγɵʯʯȣɽ̬ɣԵͻأһ൱ȻС
ʱǴ඼ˡ
Ѧġλʯ̨ϵģֱ߼ڵʯ̨ȴǿյģȻר¡
һǲŵźͺԪ͡
ɵԵͬʱҲһЩĸӵȡ
Ǳ߸СŲʮ꣬һ´Ե൱ҲӢԪǱߵİЩģòݣƺЩһݵĳʣһۿȥȻˡ


52 
ڶʯ̨·, ɽ﷭ӿ翵ʱ任̬
˿кܶڵŮŻƲԾ𡢺, еֳֳƮȻ裬еı, еֻʩչĸ, Ϊ˵֮
һһҵϥݵĺϣڳ
ϵĺ, ǵС
ʱɽȵĳǰ˸Ƶ۹
һͨ˵߼ųڴͶȥ
һλŮӴ󲽶, ҿٱܵһԡ
Ҳһ̣Ʈһ
Ϊֺǿ, һˡ
Ϊ׵Ӣ䡢ŭֻ꣬òкܶ߶࣬ʵĴӿŷ·ûԪ, ݶҲµѹ
һȺˣǰм˲ͬ, һλòѵСӣ̬Ǹ߰λߡһλһֱ֮, ܲ͸硣
ٺ󷽾澻һ, ǵʵȴǿ, ǰٵĴ߶ǿ, ˲С
һʱ, ͶӣüŵȻ̸
ǶƵ۹ʹǵʵȻ
澣ڣҪΪĵӡ
ǰǸʵСӦϵĴ챦Ϸ˽ҲûмͷԸеӣ˵ݣɵ
Ȼȥÿʮ궫Ƶ۹ǰһδʱͬʱͬһ㣬аλˡƵ۹ǿɶ񺣾ǿߣ
Ҳ֪Ĵʲôĺ񣿡
ԭǶƵ۹Ȼݵͬ

˵עĿУǰ
Ʋĵǽʱͱˣ赸˿ǵ·
ȻѦһ֣Ƶ۹𣬽游ʶƵѦ֮ϲ񣬾Цɣ
˵䣬һһֱֻѦǰ
ѦЦɨһۺ󣬽˳ĵӡ
ţλӾУ
ƵƷԪʯһö
߽ױҩʮꡪ
ױҩ
͡
Уʹµİ𣬽һ˶Ѧֱǿŵʯ̨ϡ

۵λãѺ磬΢֮

ɨһǰϵĶֲɫüͷ壬ܿɿ
ɫĺһ㣬ٶ˵ͨѸٷ֣Ⲣûдʳʵڶףչ˵ʵ˵ġ
ҲˣҲޡ
ô˵޵ȴûӡ
ŻڳǵעϣźۼسΧɨһۡ
Ȼ󡭡
գգۡ
[롣]
[ʲôţϵͳһݵķʽ]
[ޡ޳ôаɣ]

ʱŵǱһλµӢλ´ĳʯ̨ȥһһŮŮһòе㽿Ƶģ˹ᣬʱŮвˡ
ϳŮǡʲô桱ͬţʦְɡ
ĿתؿŮ̬ڱصõζżҲ˹ϣÿʱͻۣ¶һ˿
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢŮĿҲרעȴרעںԪɵһλ²ϣȴﻹųԡżԼô˲̫ˣͻƿߣҲ֪뵽ʲôɫ΢΢졣
˹עŮϣÿÿҲᷢⲻһ̬ʱͱȻ
ͬʱûжֻרעǰ裬һСڣüͷ΢ƺΪԵʣӦˮûãؿԼЩ̫ģ
ǣŮ̲סع
ͬʱٴ˹ꡢ¹ӵһЩɫ仯
⼸Ů֮ƺһϵڳĺܶ˶Ͷרڴ˴εͶƵ۹ĺ񣬵ûע⵽С֮İӿ

һСѾ;һļƤ
[ۣ㰮Ұ˭Ҳ]
[Ǹ·ĺǿȡᰥ]
[ʲô桱ʦҲ̫˰ɣи鲻ףô]
[ʲô桱ϲǸѵģǸвġ]
[˰磬˵ʲô桱Ҫ߽׵ıҩ᲻Ϊѣ]
ŷʱ˳ҲѼ˿˸飬ҲѿЩ鳱ӿ
ЩҲһЩϸ΢ķӦѡԻ
һʱ΢䡣
ѵĲ²пܡԪɵİв̬൱ʵȴѾﵽĽףܸһ٣ںԪɵĵλ²ƺҲŵӵأӦҲǸΪԪݵĴڣȻܳɫȻṩƣʹûеҲȡģݶΪôֻܴ취ʲô桱ֱ֣ۺԺҪ뷽跨شŪ
ôһʲô桱ΪƺǺɵģϲ˭˭ҪʲôСʲô£򵼾͸ʨӴſڣӵǿ׼СӵƵģ
һ˿
СӿǮˣܱ˿ɹƭ
ôţ綼ûע⵽Ѿͣˡ
ֱһֻϸ׵ĸ첲ϣŴԽԽ˼а 
ѲΪƽе˵ġ
ʵһҪŪɵֺƣ߽ױҩ˵Ǹͣ뻹ǿѦϣǵҪǿƣѹûע⣬Ҳϡ
Ҳ⣬Լǲǵ㶫ԻЩҪռˡˡ
üЦ
[粻ҪˣҶҪҲ˵]
[һʲôˡ]
Σһۡ
ˣġ

Ƶ۹ֵĴȻǰЩԴҲ˵ѹֺغĵػ¯
һ缾Խ˵ѦűǳϲڶƵ˵ػѦܷӵﵽʮʮѦʵ
ˣ¶Ǻϲõġ
źͺԪɵѦһ£Щ䱸
Ҳû취Ƶ۳̫ˬˣǱûи֧֡ȥԺǵһԣܲŪԴ

һƬнλһͻΪ˴̽ڶƵ۹ϢˣҲöڵ̸˽⼸֡
󣬲ﶼ¼Сʱסϼ죬ĿҲкͶƵ۹ͽõ˼ϾƵ۹ҲûдС֣ССͲôۡһŵĲڶƵ۹иܳ谮ģȻҲ͸ˡܽύǾύҪ޷ύ۲һҲá


53 Һʹ
ѦҲڳʱ, רŽӴһˡ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣һʺѵĽѦԶƵ۵࣬ԶƵ۵껹Ǻϵġ
, ѦľӴ԰Ʒ衢ġ
ѺҲȥ, ȻС, ѦùƵ۵ż֪и۳ȥСŮ, ˸Ϊϲ
ڼˣֱӸһݼ
ѰɣѦЦеһֻǬȰ˵, һСҪѦүү
ѱԼ˳һ, Ѧôһ˵ˣȻϸҪѦɲʲôݣѶԻӵŮ㡰թν, ѦҪҲǾǸ⹫ˡ
ѶѦӡ󻹲ûþһһѦүү, ĻõӺ곤ߵϲ
ѦԭΪƵ۶Ȱദһ󣬵мϲˡ
ҲΪϲ, Ѧ̲סЦʵع, ͻС, Ҷ㶩Сˡ
ѣ
[ҪҪҪ𣡣]
[˭Ҫʲô桱鰡]

һ, ѺȻһ䡣
ʱ, ҲǸ˾˹ѦɣʱɵֺƵ´õǣѦȻҲ֪ġѦΪ˰οһޣһ䡰ҪʶѾͺˣͽӦûе̽˼ʱķѵ뷨ֱӰˡ
ѦǲҲе̽˼
Ҳ֣ϾѹûɵֺƽܳȥѦҲ֪δ򣬶Ǹʲô桱ֲ࣬Ҳ⡣

ܶԡʲô桱ӡܲѻѦӣֻѦҡҡֱ׳˵ѦүүˣȻСδˣһۿеġ
кЦҲһ䣬˵˵ĲС磬ԼϵˣСڸõúܣһҲֲף٣Ҳǽˡ۵˼
Ѧ̾ͶˣֻΪѴŵһû磬粻ǸʲôҪһתˣˣѲ˼ˡ
Ѧ㶼˿ǧˣ¶̸Ρ
ȻӣŪһֻǬ磬ЦԭСѵķϷҲòһݼպҪദЯֹȲǡ
ۣЦе˵лѦүүף
˫ֽӹǬ˵лѦүү
ѦüһһǾСʵԣδҲ԰
ͦġ
ڸСͽܶ£
ǵȻֻʲôҲû˵ˡ
Ƶ۵
Ƶ۾֮Ļ⣬رѣ⹫ǰѦ㽻ʱһðյľرȤ
ѦҲֵö˵һЩ
ѣʱķﶫҲһֱôϵġ
ҲǡֹЦġ
ýζ

Ѧ漱Ҵҵش԰ܳκˣ񱼣ֱԼĸС
ҰѦۿ죬ЩζҪȥȰοǵɨȺѦ֣ʱͣס˽Ų
Ա
֣˵ˣҲǿ̫ˡ
֣Ȼ޴룬һ󳶳һҪѦᡣ
ѦùӰ۽£
֣ʣ棬ôˣʲôˣ
Ѧҧ´˺þ֮󣬲˵ʦ𡭡ʦҶѹˡ
֣ʱ𾪣ѿڶʲôôܡ
Ǻܿ뵽ⲻǲܵģǶƵ谮ֻӵλϿСʦҪǸ飬ǸʡʦԪֻʣ꣬һȥǸƵ۹ĹϵͻᵭϺܶࡣСʦܺôϵȻ׽ģ׽
֣룬ǱͬҲ֣СʦõʱϾܺãʵĺҲпܣԼмܳΪǿߣҪжƵ۹˵ܸǿǱĻӭȢǺֵõģΪʦԵʣСʦҲ֪֪ס
뵽֣Ҳɥ
Ȱ˵ȥʦԼСʦñɫֺףʦǰŶŻԼڴƵ۹Сʦǲġ
֣ţΪʲôʦҲʣСʦõĻ£
ûлСʦû٣ΪСʦã֪СʦаĽˣ˸ŵԣˡ֣
֣˫ţʣ㡭ѾˣҪΪԼ𣿡
Ѧ˱ۣһ˫չ䣬Ҳ˵ǡǿջЦѹôÿҸɻ飬ҲǡҲǺܺõġ
֣ˣƲס˵棬㲻Ӳãýһܲദȥ޸ˣôҸأ
Ļ̣û˵ڡ
ѦȻ벻ʲôҪأ˵򸣬ֻЩġҲ޷ӽĽǸˡ
֣ȭͷٿȻ߬
ˣһֱԱߵĽҰ͸ţ޷ԼļϵŮӣܳ谮ŮӣȻҲҪȼ޸һˡףԼİĹԸΪ룬ԼʲôҲˡ
˱΢ԸΪȴҲ޷ֹ׮¡
Ѧݵġ׵ġʼմŲݵʹʡ
Ҳˡ

ʵ ѦȥԼʦ˽˵԰ժһ걦ҩΪʦʦﳩͨģҲ֪ѦǼƷ裬֪ͽӽ
Ѧ˶ƺΪģ̲סͲǱߵĶ
պѦ˵ĺء㶩Сӡ̴ʧɫʶزȥΨֱǱ߷Ϊ̫𾪣һƬʲô޷ʶֻԼز׽δ򡱡ЯֹȡʣԼһЩĵЦ
ȻȻģѦΪѦİѡ
һʱʧǣתߡ
ĵԽԽ죬ٵһ·ء
Ѧ̫ˡ

ĵòѦҲڸһ򵼡ŵ¡
Ϊ֪иܺõδѦոѦ̽뷨Ƽ򵼾ͲѦˣƢҲµ֣
ѱǲѦģѦ㻻ˣΪͦܵģҲͲƴˡ
ֻǣӵ˵°̹ͣȻ˵ҺͰһº׺֣֣ʧ֮Ϳͦġ
Ѧ㲻ɺЦС̹ʣǺϲġ
ǣˬ˵ȥʲôطúǹȥҲǰЩش򿪡֮Լȥ棬úǡ
գգۣǲ̫鷳֣ˣ
Ѧ㲻˵ʲô鷳ģϷæЩˣϷĵӣȻӦʦǵġ
Ȼô˵ˡ
ѲһЦǾͶлѦүү
ѦЦҲͰˡ
һţ΢΢ü
ǼҵСѣͦгϲġ


54 ֣Ķ
ת۾͵˵ڶ, ֣ʦ֮һڻڵЩ, ֻҪҪ, ֣ǵ浽ġȻҲʦһԴ
ڻʱ֣ûʲôԾɫʵϣͬͼƵ, ˵ܡİСʦҪȳΪ˵δ, ȴø, ֻΪĵλ, ֻ, 
澵Ҳûй, ֣ǰϻǰڷŲˮ͸ֵĹƷ, ʱ䣬ί˶ӡ
ֻ֣ӿȻȿڲѹһѹЩ, ȴû˼Զġ
ŹСʱ֣Ѵһߴ߹, ЩһװʱѾȫͬΡҲǻޱȣĸ½ǶĶǱµϺüµſŪ֡
һʱ, ֲ֣ɵԹ԰ҲСʦøһȷʵкô, Դ, һԶԶʤڵġ

ùź˵֣ѾˣŵѦ״ӣ˼ôعҲ˵ȡ
ǣʹȥ˼ˡ
ֻ
ӣüͷ΢塣
[һôģ]
簲ؿ˿ѡ
ɿüë
[ˣ˼˼·ˣʲôأҡ]

ߵǰʱ˵һ䣺֣֣ˣʲôƼ
֣ʰ˼شƺĹȺҲǰʱѹѾȥˡڻһƬѩ֣ļƮѩѩԪҲļܡҪãܿѩԪպ׵ıζܲġժֳԣζá
ѼƬѩ֣ʱѾ־ףˣѩԪûʲôãΪɢģͲͷѩľɫûƼط
ڵȷǱȽϺʵġ
뵽⣬Ѿ͵ͷ֣˵Ȥȥѩְɡ
֣˵ѹ롣
ҡҡӣ˵֣롣

ѩִڵһ·ϣ·һУˮǳһصı㣬ڵɫʳģӶ׵׵ĶУҲŵһԴ
ѼվһұϣٵسźĶȥ
ûãѾɽ¡
·ǺܸߣѩִɽһΧҲ䵽
֣˳·һЩϸϸͬ˿ƵѩɫСݣߣҲܻ
أԽԽ䡣
ǬóһɫĴ멣ϡ
֣ͷţǹġ
ز֣ߣоԷһ˿˲ʱҲһɨȥ
ֻ֣һΣյķԺ󱳴вһݣ̧ۣûз˿оԺηҲֻǴˡɽе·ɡ
ѻûü䣬ͱεعסԽůͣҲ
[ġ]
Ϊ֣Ĳ죬Ҳͽɢȥ

ɽĴǰ֣ͣ˽Ųѵ󰼵涼طҪȽһ֣ЯͨеķܽѹԴ֣ĳȥһ
׵ȥɣˡ
֣û˵ֻڸɽʯһ飬ִȡһöԿףĳʯغйɵ˼ȦȻȡŷԿ滮˼¡
ţ֣߻ѷֱ𽻸Ѻ硣
˵ѾˡѩûлأֻܳһΣһ뿪ѩ֣Ҫ˵⣬ʣѹӿҪ֣ĳͬȥ
һ֣˵ˡ㣬湻ҲԼȥ֣æԼȥɣټ
֣ȻǵͷӦ£ԥһº󣬺Ȼ˵ѹӣһѯʣ֪
תͷʲô
֣˶٣˵ǿŤĹϲ𡭡ѹӶ仰ô
ƣ˵⻰û壬ԵĹϣܻ˸
֣һҭֹ
ȴˣתͷȥ
֣û뿪ĿӰʧòջߡ
һ̣Ǹӣָ΢΢ջ̾˿

ʵ֣ǲǳѽ󰼵ʱأ档һСʦþͲü޸ˣԼΪҲʲô
֣ѹͷ
ΪҲˣһһͿԽġ¶ƵǨŭڣѡ򵼵ʦǵһģСʦΪѵδӣӲ⡪ǶƵôԵɺֻСʦþͲʧȥˣʧȥ
ﲻԭĿģΪʦáŵˡ

ѿɲ֪֣ԲЩʲôˣֻܵѩԪľƣһǱѩɵƵģѩ׵У͸ҲУԽݾõľԽ
ţȴЩԾȻԱߣôһͲˣתѰټ
ʵûԶҵĵطŴķ
ѿ磬оܲϻ͸Ϣգգۡ
磬ôˣ
ջߣ͸һ˿ᣬ˵֣㲻⡣
һ㶡
͵شǸɱ⡣ȻɱÿȥҲ죬ҡ
ü˵㶢Ǳǡ
ˣһػ͵Ϯ㣬͹ͨ׵ķӣֻҪҶӿԱ㣬ҲӦ㲻˵һëһ

֣ͷ˵ʱȻֻԼ롢ܿʹͷԵô꣬ôܺԵ
ͲˣʱŪ֣Ͼڣ֣״ӣҲֻΪ֣ɱͶ֡
ֻҪ֣ͿֱҪ֣
һжжˣﶼǸġ

ȻԷѾ˴ѻǺܲ⣬˵֣Ϊʲôж⣿
ûŸҲû֣
Ҳ֪ԵɣԵɲҪ
ǷˣδԺ󲻻ٲ⡣һ˿ֻǧǧշһҸŪ
룬˵ȲǵʵҵķơѦүүӸᣬҪٶҲ⣬ɱ١
粻̫ͬ
Ѱĸ첲˵ҵģ˼ϸʲô죬ѩԪȥҪҵģ
ΣȴҲ˵ãȥҡ
ûз֣ɱ⡣
Ĵ󣬶Σ񣬼ʹǸΣĴʱ䶼׷ֺƴģҪǺ汻ӢƭʳǣҲױѶڲ־ף֣⣬Ϊվ֣򣬶˵һ˿
粻ͬ
粻κˣʹ֣²ãȴҲҪԴͷγܷġ
ѵİΣа

ѩķ羰ȷ֣Ǻ˶٣ɨѵ¡ѱʾҪѩԪʱѸٰҵˣҲһ˵ĵذǳԵ
ѩԪҩԺºͣѪıһ߳ԣһ߳Щϸ
ߣʱֽ
ΧûˣѩﵹҲ졣
ֱȥԺѵ϶Ц⡣

ҹ
͵ѿھһ䣺ʲô
˯类æ̧ƿҹӣʹĹâڷ֮ڡͬʱʣѣôˣ
ѵɫѿҲ൱ꡣ
һ٣˵ˣ


55 ѵ
һ, صһͷҧгݵ˵ҿɲ𡣡
̵ظܵѵķŭˣҲûԥ, סѵ֡
, ûٶˡ
Ϊѹòʣѵһֱ
кεݣ൱ġһѾ
[Ǽ˻ˣҲǶƵ۹ǵδ򣬻ǵδ򣬸δϷݶ޶һǰɣ޶, һڻˣ]
[ֺǸɵ, ѦҲǸɵȰ, һһɵȣ]
[㼸Լ, ΪʲôҪˮƨ°]

ԭһ, һ, ߵþѦСѦ档
ѦڵĴׯһа¾, Ѧ·ʱպþԵΪŮʲԼС״, ƫ
ΪѦԸ棬״ʦʦ۰ԽԽÿڷܶսͬٮٮ, ܶҲĽ
ʱѦ˱ūİԳҰԳӺģΪ˶߶ԳȺ, Ѧܹ, ȻҲŮ˲㺡
һɺ, ѦŵĶһ飬Ӵô򡣶˺ԪɵһһƳһˡ⻹ʦ֣Ѧվ顭еҲϲѦ桭
ܶ˰ĽѦ棬ѦֻһͬʱĶЩһֺ̫ѣֻóȰ˵ǲҪ˼ϣֵϧĺù
һ岻ãҪټĵرѦãеõҲһЩһаĶ۰Ͱ͵ȥ͸һһϲѦ棬ҲЩʹķǳҪҲỹطֵǮƻѦҪԴ
ΪܸһұѦԽԽŬʵҲԽԽ졣룬һ˾͸Ϊ֮ӴڣҪָҲһͱһȡһ
ǸʱһͲõˣӦû˰ɡ
ǾѦһǧ߰ʮٳʱѦ͵Ѧ޸Ƶ۹ԶĹѵ¡
һĹӣʵͶѦ࣬δزǸ£Ѧ治ѣһҲ޸
֮ѦѦİͬ棬顣ԽദãѦԽϲѣֺ޷ƾ¡
ʦˣѾͻҪƵ۹Ĺϵ׵ġǼΪĴʦڶǰ䣬ʦֻݺʣҲֻܵΣΪţֻʹ֮ˡ
ҲҲȤô֮ã˺ü׼Ϊֿһ£ҽҪһ߽׵ϼΪ걦ҩ͸һһ̬ȹȻ˺ֻܶ࣬ǡһж̫ˡ
ûþˣƺǵѦδޣ˷
Ѧȴ˸С
һЩѦŬؿԼģȥһҰ֣˳οĲƴڻҲɿһЩ
ַ˺ܶܶ£ʱԽԽȵʱ򣬺Ȼһ죬Ѧ֪ϢѲ֪ôˣԣǵĻԼҲͲˡ
պҲʱѦؾõһԺ󣬾˫޵ķʽһָ
ѦȥһԸԼԪ
һҲڱ򶯡
ӴˣѦһΪһɾ£нҰȼߡܽӽһЩꡢѦޱʹʱԹ޻ڵذһȴҲĹҰǡ
һѦֿزͬѰһȵ˽ҰˡͬʱҲ֪Ѧδ£ǵĸ˺ܶ꣬ҲͬѦȷλ
Ѧ㡣
÷ˣк
գѦɾͰ˽ʥ̥Ҳ̳ڵ֮λ
ڣҲѹ£Ϊǿš
һҰڶӣΪǣұۡһӵһ֮£֮ϵĵλ

ץסĸ첲ָⶼΪЩס
[˵벻ף벻ף˭ˣ˭顢ˣ]
[˵Ǹ֣ʲôŤʲôأѦ͵ˣˣ]
ξӽƺѦ棬ξ;ãѦǸвģȫΪǣѦ㲻̽һ䶩£ѦֻһˣԲôһϷ
[Ҿ͸㲻ˣʮѦĶˣֻͲӵǰɣô£ȻΪʦҪǰŸѻΪԸôһõʦٳ£]
[Уôô飿ͶΪѦҵļ񲻴ҸģѦԼСӶһ㣬ƫҸʲôδ޵]

ͨΣˡ
֣ʵŤ⣬ҲôһĻֻǵʱֲ֣򵼣ŤŤҸʱչʣѱͶİ˲ͷΪ֣ȰǿŤֺϣǸˣֱ˦һ䡰ĹϵȻҪŤ˲ġ
֣ɫɷ׵ˣҲûСϡ
ѦȺôģ
ΪвѦ棬ҲһϾҪŪ
̣̲סЩһҲû˵ҵʱڵ۹ڶʲôжɣ
ҲԱֻ͵ظϱɻɻ
³һҲ΢΢ҡһ¡
ʵе㼤
磺
ĬĬסѵĺ󱳡
΢侲˵㡣
[Ҳ֪ѦǾ䡰ҵϣǷһϼҪҵҴء]
ǵģ仰ѦΪתѵĶȴֱӷɡźôڵķϣǷʹһ걦ҩˡ
[ȷλлл˰]
Ѷݺݵĥĥ
һ̣ҲΪʲô֣жˣҲνĻԼԴͷʧҲʲô桱
ǡ
Ⱥ̫Цˡ
ѷݵҥ̫ˣֻǼҲС磬Ҫ˶֪ҵδ򣡡
ҲѦһǿаѸǳһ͸һŨҵɷ˶ԵøⱩ塣
仰ʱ΢΢
ȷ⣬˳Ϊѵδδˡ

йԺѵɲ̫̹ڴϷȥôҲ˯š
ԥ쳤ֱۣѰ§˻ưĺϣ˳˳
һ㶡
ûеӲеĸů֪ôģ궯Ȼر
Ҳӿˡ
û϶ѳ˯ȥ
һΣûˡ


56 
˵Ҫδ¡, ʵϽѶûҵҪٴʱѾ侲ˣôҲ⹫, ܲܳɤӵ, ÿ׼ʱǵ򵼵֣˵һɣ־е㲻ﱻĳҪǲͷûͨ
ΪԵʣѸһʱ򶼲ôˡ
[ûʲô⣿]
, һ, ˵е, ƺύġ
Ҳ, á
ǰ, Ҳô¡
Ȼûס, ʱѦĴʱ, ȷҲĵӡֻ鲻ãֻɢģûʲô˼ѡ
ڲͬˡ
һӴҡҡ, ٺһЦҾ˵Ҳû˼ѡ
ܶصͷ, ֱ˵ᣬѡ
ѵЦݸӲˣü˵~~
˵ұ͸ø֡
Ѹˣת˸Ȧ鼫õʱ, ȻͿԸ, Ϊδҳ֡

һŵĵѾü, ȻͬҲʦֵܡʦõһһǺԪɵӣǸɸƵĲĸ׽ͬţչġ
ЩڵӵȻסڽΪĿ;֮أСɵһЩӸȴǷֿģһţҲꡪܴҶǿˣӦҪòģԤϵģȷأ
ǴڻСĵӣڵӸ򵼣档
ֵһǣ俴һ̹ǵ򵼵Ӷǰȷг̣ȷǲȻҲѣϾһϲĵطǲܾ˵ġ
һһ˶ӵһӡ
дúݵῡڴյĳʱһ԰ۻС磬ʱдһ£ʱ䡣

һһӣ˼
ԱߵһλŮʣʦ֣ʲô𣿡
һλӢҲǵؿһ
һ˵ûʲôףֻּһλ֡΢ʷеϣȴָֻ˼Ƥ˾׼ĿдֵȻǸš
Ůһܿ˵ѹָ߳ҲѰ°ɣ
Ӣ˵ܹ鲻ѹӱˡ˶٣ʱѣҲдӵų֡
һ΢΢ףҲ͸һɲ˵ѹӵģӦòǸϲֵġôдѾʾˡ
ŮӢ궼ͬ
һ˵ҵ׼ʱ硣
Ӣ긽͵ӦˡҲЩ׼ʱ³Щ档
Ůæ˵Ȼ˵Ȼü΢Щ˵Ӷ񣬡ʱ򣬿»Ѧ桭»Ҫʦܡ
Ѧ桱֣ӢҲ¶ϲɫһüۼԼ͸һ˿͡òʵʵǺܺõģѦ棬ʵƽġ·˻һŮӡ

ĿǰѦ滹ڶһһĺʱʱءȥһЩĳʳ̲ĵͽױҩȴһһ˻صĽ׶ΡŪһ޷ܾıҩٹ꣬ȥ֮
һںԪҲһûҰµ˼ÿζίܾЩ֪˼Ҳ󷽵תͷͷˣ˼ϸҲǻһʱѡ
ΨѦ棬ʹôܾԹԵͶʹʾҪҲΪԵʺܶණʳãҲƵģεľܾˣ´εľͻһ֡
˵һúƯĹ׷űʾĽ֮飬ִЩĽӾûҲڻᷴвǣһȴϸ緢ˣȻܿѦ飬ͬʱҲ֪Ѧ߻ΧźüˣӲܾǴߡ
ǣû׵ǼҲͰˣԵϷŶ˵ŷƤʵϻûľܾ
һѦûжģٷһ߷·ʮֳ飬һֲ˱ӣ봦²һ£Щᷳ
һ״ʦʦ˵ǿһ󣬶ǺǻѦȴضԴôܲӶأ
ֻѦ棬ֻһ䡢״򶯣ȴûʡ

һ˵Ѧȥǲȥ޹أ⡣ʦʦ㻹ǽϵĵĥһһӦԵķš
ŮӢ⻰Ҳ׷װѦ׵Ժ
ڵǣûԺѦˢĴڸСһǲ뵽ԼվᱻȡϡѦ档

һߣӵӺȴԼϵǹ϶ȥʱǰһýһСףҲ֪ʲôӡ
ϵĵָǴˣ·ƵģҲû⣬ͣ˺δսϲĹθ̸ϡ

һЩСĵǿҲǸзӦ
ô˵ûһ˾ȥ

ѦھӴָ鰧
ҰԱߣһβ֪ôο
֣ʱ߽ͬѦǵǡ
Ѧ黺תګګڣʦ֣˵ϣѻǵĻԼعǲҲȥҲ
֣һʹ˵ȥعӣҪ硣
Ѧæֹճյ˵ʦֲȥعȥáȥˣҲġ
֣絶ʣʦã

ڶܿ쵽ˡ
нӵӵĲſ׼ʱǰڼŮĴ£׷˺󷽵Ǹ԰໨ľ֮䳡
໨ľڷ˺ЩʣڶſԼѡλӣڷźЩζĲɫʲôƷ׶С
ſʱҲǸݲ˵Ʒ
ܿ˾Ͷˣ˶֣λŵľȻֻѣһֱߡȻ෴ĸߴӡ
ſǶе㾪ȣѾȻҪôȻͬͬʳ
ͬŵʦֵܽǣڸʱҲǵģҲǸԷֿ
ơ
ļͬˮƵıˡ
ɨ
Ѧ·ңȴһĶ棬۽ⲻʱƳȥ
ѣ
ס֡
ƽһƱ˾˵λǰ磬ܸĳӣһһ
⻰ͦˬģڳ˹ȻҲӵؾٱ
ѦȾˣһ·Ҫȥ
΢飬߲ɨѦ桪ٶ࿴һ۾ҪӦ˵
Ѻ꣬ĳҲ˵ϻһҵδ˽֣ҲǸש֮⣬Σ
ѵĻ£վ
Ҳһ仰·ը֣ѦĶߡ
ʲô
δδ򣿣


57 ҥԣ
ѦĵһӦ, ȻѾδʦΪʲôҪҶѣҾȻҪһ֮˷
֣кڱδĴ, Ȼǲܴġѵʦ˼Ϊ£Ƶ۹ϧʦȥ
ˣ, ʹδ򣬺ԺҲȱ, οǸӣҪ˸Լõġֻǿʦ, ȻȻá
Ѧ֣ԭסɱ⣬̲סطӿ

, Ҳע˵ķӦ, ȴû뵽Ѧ֣û¶߲ѵ޵ݵı, һѾˣ
ɵñҭҭ, Ǹʲô
, ȵȣ
ͻȻһֲ²⡣
[, òǻΪҪǿѦΪ檰ɣ]
ôţϸ۲һ£ʱˡ
Ǹ״̬ǰ
̲ס, ֱ
[ȥ֣, ĶԲ˵]
[ⶼʲôⰡ]

ֻ㵱, ѦԼ֪ϽϹˡϾѹ֪, ͷβѦԼԲԺЩе߰ػŰĶѡǱĵ, ȴûʵԵر˺
ȴȻ, Ѧ˻ƶ
ѦʦﵽǸʲôֻŮС檵ģ
ýֺ붼ܺ
ֻϲӵĶףѦô⹫Ǻѣ֮ǽм˴˵飬ҲԼűסݹϵ֮ȽϳʹܳɣҲ˺ǰ״ӸѵĺС檡ʲôҪ𣿲ԵѿŵӷڵϲȰ
ƫƫѦǴ˵ز
һҲѦˣ˺¶ײˣҪ˺סҲû£˶ˡ
ԣǵôɣ
ѺȻ뵽ûǰȷʵѦͷǵԲУڸ˽ʱδûаʾйϵԺȷλͰѦĿЦϵ˰ʱ⹫ɵֺƽ֣ӦҲûս⡭
ԣУ
ѣԲҪѦ˿ǣ

ѹԾӲûʲô飬ȴѦ˸ˬˡ룬Ҳˣ˵öԣѦ
˫һӦʵֻں̵ܶʱڼȻߵ䳡ϣҲպ
ҲͺȻس֣ڣ˵ҵȶͣСѾٰ죬ĳ֣дůĳѹִ֣֣ͬͽ̡
Ѧλ״Ӷæúܣæ񣬻ĽҪͷѦԼҲæСĵѦʱǸ֣ߣЩϵ£ָ֣㡣صС磬Ҳֻ֣ѦΪ
֣ԣȻ̧ͷ
Ļ֣߿
ſЩ֡ڵô˵ġ죿ƺԶƵ۹δвƵġ
Ҳм볣˲ͬ
üͷţѲλѹòɣ
мѦкøеߣҲﷺֹѶвõĲ²⡣
һ鸴ӡ
˵ĽӴ࣬Ѧ⸱̬ȴЩŹֵԤС

ߴٵ֣֣룿
֣ҲſͶߣҲѸԾĶ档
ָ̡֣
Եͷ˵ˣȴûп
ֻתѾסһصصֵɲǣһɾֱ֣ŶȥڣѹΪ¡
ʹȷʵ־ףΧڵġ
֣ҲӦҲǼ죬һ˫֣꪿Ȼ̽סصῴʦã
ǵģд裬Ϊ˴ѹŵңֻΪֱսѦ̫ۣŻʦֵĳη壬ҲһѵйԼĲʣҲΪʦССֻһ㹫
ֻǣ֣һ£סصȴֻ˫Ȼһ飬ǶꪾҪֶ
û֡
صȻջأնյ֣ս˫ꪡ
ţ˫ҵؽս
鲻еص磬˿ŵĵ磬䵶ݺᴦҲ൶ۣÿһ൱Ϭ
֣ĶҲʹò·磬ȴҲֵ㹻ǿ䣬ģ

˵Ĵ򶷣ڶſУýζҲĬĬȻԼֻ֣ӦԣǷֵܹ
Ѧмˣʮϸ
ѦģüǸ֣Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ĽҲô롣
һտտȫ硭ĵϡ
ǺһѵǶƵ￴ϵˣ
˶ãеĶսпͷڳе֣ȴп˵
һʼսʱ֣ΪԼͬпԿͷҲ¶Լı¡ŻУȴʽĿơԪĴȡʽľ׼ϣԶԶʤֻд˲֪ʱȻԵʮ࣬ÿһαཻ缰ʱջزֻͱأˡ
֣ΪǸӲûܣɴ˿Ѿǰһٶغˣȴɲƣֲ֣ܸоҪ䣬úѿ
ԣ֣óȻڡ
ҲΪ֣ˣдУһ߲ܿڣһ߱ޱȾ޴ѹԽǽ֣Խǽ꣬Ҳĥ˼㡣
أ֣Ӧıȶܼ尾ȻҲѺ˼룬𽥱Щհףֻרעζϡ
ٿȻ䣬֣һ⡣
ǰպͽգ㶼ɱ⣬ʲôԵʣ
֣һʱû˼ܵػش檣Ȼ
û˵꣬аԶϴ
ꪶȻ˳ȥ֣ԼҲΪȻɣصˤ˵ϡ
Ҳһˤ֣ˤûعԼո˵ʲô
Ȼʵ˵һ֪ˣʦÿܻģҲܶ
ȻѦ¶˱ѿ顣
ڳſȻҲ⻰ޱ𾪡ʲôѦ檣ⲻɣ
ͼĽߣ̾Ҫѡ
ûʲôӦһ
ʲôʱѦˣҸǩһһһ˫˵ĶԼô檣ҥԣǻҵ
ѿڱҥģ˶ˡ
ž
֣ʶؿѦ棬ګګ˵
û˵꣬͸Ͻס
ǣһ̻˭֪ҥԵأ
Ŀ⣬Ѧϡ
Ѧ׻ֻ˶ֵԼ·˳Ц뼥Ц飬Ϊǡ
ǱǹƵģ˾޴ܸ߳С
Ҳ޷ڵ龰Ѧסɿس԰ȥ
֣żˣæҲŵظ˳ȥ
棡桪


58 
뿪, ڶſͼȻ˿ƺѹַŭδһصѵߣΪظ˳
֮, ƺĺá
Ѧûʲô˼ĲſҲͰˣаĽ֮ĵļһʱ侹Ȼ֪Լ顣԰һȴ·һƵ, ɫΪѿҲȥ׷Ѧ浽ô¡ϾֻԼһ, ͬڵĵҲˣҪʱ, δ̫ۣҲֻ
һۣƺʲô
Ѻһ, ˵שѹ, λ뽻ֵֻϳսдǵ㵽Ϊֹ, λе, ĪҪ˺
ڶſ
Ȼոû, Ѿ˺ܴĺ
, ֮ǰĲôһ£ȴ˭ˡ
Ǿ͸ѵĽǷ׷Ц
Ȼ, ҵȶǵ㵽Ϊֹ
һúĳ
ĳȻ, һ
, λ̨ȥ, һĳϣ
ֵĶ־ˡ
ſ½³, һѵС硣
Ҵ, дҲ棬˶Ծûսѣ罻սˣͬһ
ⳡд裬һ˵ġ
ȻôǸݵĹӣҲзȵģֻ̫սʦʦͼҴҵظιҩ԰׵ɫ΢΢ת

д֮࣬ſǸҲʶһ
˵С绹ǳɹġ
ֱٽҹۻŽ
ڶĲſҲɢȥ
ɢȥ֮
ػ֮ҲвٵĽ

߹ˣƲƲ죬ı۰˵һǸùʵСܿô
ش𣺡ӦõȷǸвġ
Ϊʲô˵ȷأ
ǸΣºҲǸġ
һȷǸùڵĺԪǸţռһĵرȴأѦǱ׿ɵáҪǲѦģôҩﲻ֧ţҪˡҲԶ׼ġ
ǰǷ飬øǮơԴȡģҲǣˡ
Ҹߵǣϣǻӵ
ѦӽһǱ򶯣ҲȷһǲıͬвġȽʶˣȻҪһܣѾ͸˸¿һ
ӣִ˸Ƿ
ҪǴ͸˽ҡ
º͵˵ǻġ
ѡšһûһ¡
Ѧ棬Ҳûᡣ
Ѧܵˡ

ʵҲȷˡ
ɵĲſǸ¿һС£ʵѦΪѦĵӶôҲ޹⡪˽һĥŶܲµѦΪʲôˣᣬʵϴѦƷҲΪһλֶΡ
̫Цˡ
֮ĹϵǺ΢ģ£ɲøǺúһ
Ѧܿ͵õϢһ̣ºʹЦ飬ҲЩάֲסˡ
ΪСΪѦ档
ʴûСӼŮʲףպʸصͽ̳֮λȴãǻСͳȥģ
ֱҪЦˡ
ѦȵӣȻѦĻѹûһʦ𣬶ҸҪŵĹͲ
ֱӵô˵ֳôЦǨŭѣǨŭ
ЦƵ֮µģСѦ˻ѸǣǵģѸپжϣһѦ͵ûȫŸµģΪĳ;ˣʶǳŭ
Ҳ֣ȥ򵼵ģ֣ȴɱ⣬ǽӶɱ⡪ǰвֽ֮ѦҲ޷ܣƾʲôѱţ
ʲôǨŭģ
ѾǷӦСˣѦ浱ڳѡ
Ҫһ֮һֱӷضƵ۹ҵĽͻ᳹ױڳ˿ŲдӰ졣
Ѧ˱ۣѹ
ˣȷŰɣȷͷȥԺͺˡ
µҪ
Ѧ㻽Լͽ˵ʱͲҪ뿪ˣ֣£Ϊѷ洫浽ȥһѦ
ӢŮȻӦŵת󲽶ȥ

ѦľӴ
ĵŮڴʹޣˮߵƵͷʪһƬҭҭģί
أˣ˽˵ƫҪڴͥڵ˴ңԺôˡѹҲ̫ˡ
֣Ǹɵӣ׷ѦʱѾ׵ôˣҲҪˣϾҲѣⲻǺܿͳ෴Լеˣ治˵檣ҲȥңԶĶƵ۹һֱˣٺò
ڿѦ޵ôң֣ˣ˵ĿеȻᣬΪʲôҪأʵЩ۸ˡڴ߲ϰοͬʱһġҲ뵽Ǹ⣬˵СʦǱǣˡҪƵøЩͺˣͲ緢ɱġ
֣æѦһǴѲϧѦԭҲ
ʱȻš
֣ݸѦһӣϽᣬԼȥš
ǰǵĴʦ塣
ЩĮ˵ʦĿţԽǰ˼壬ԽһѨչ˼ʮ֮ڲ뿪ѨҪԴÿһȥ
Ѧۿͨ죬ȫʦ˵Ļţģʦ𲻻ҵģ¶ε񣬡ʦ㣬ƭҵİɣ
֣Ҳͷ𣬵뵽ԼСʦΪһʦ𣬲Щ
Į㶼ʦ𣬲ʮѣȸ檿ɶˣʲôŵġ
֣ͷӲ֮࣬ҲЩԹִʦ˵̫ͷˣСʦġ
Ѧ촽һʱȻ˵
ûж˵ʲôһ̧֣ɫѦ桢ֱ֣Ȼ߳ȥһԾڿնȥѦ֣ӣڿУǱ֮
Ѧ滹˵ʲôϧϵɲǣͿ˿ˡ
֣Ҳˡ
ԭҪڲĽҰҴҵܳȴֻؿİܵĥȴɡʲôҲˡ

ľٶڵĺܶӶˣֻϢͨĻʱ֪ʲô;ڵȴ֪һĻ˽Խۡ
ѦŭȥȶǸ
ԼҲ֪ԵɣһѦģԼͲϾͬѦһ𣬵Сȥѡ
ѵû뵽Ѧ㻹Թ
Ѧһ̾ѰһͽԲס㡣
Ҳ̾˿ѦүүҲ֪ģԭֻ壬ǰַ֣ͳ嶯ˡʧ֮ҲҪѦүүҪֲǡ
Ѧ΢΢ҡͷ


59 һ
, Ѧ㲢û̫ãѸ뿪ˡ
˵Ѧ˲ֻϧյӵ۹ޡ
ѦûǨŭ, ҲûǨŭѦ㣬Ѧ㻹Ǹ⣬ܸСˡ
˵ҲֲѦүүһ̵ĵ, ֪ܳǣչ⼸ӵᡣ
ĿҲ˵ʲô, ģת뿪
ôô, Ҫǲʱ˾˵˾˴ǻȥ
䴽һЦ˵, л˾ˡ
ȷߺ, ѲŶ˵, ѦĶҪ͸˰ɡ
ͷ
̾˿ҾԲ⹫ĵġ
һ, Ȼ뵽˶Ƶ, п
΢΢º, ˵Ѧ˽ܸ֮ȣ㲻ҪΡԲõĵġ
ѾͲõЦˡ

ļ, óȥ˴, ˽ȴûռϢ
ŮȻش̽, 

Ѧ֣ڿСһ·˼, ڵĵǽҲ֪Ե, ǲ졣Ѧĵ, ڵӶǺģǶѦƫúܶСʮĽ벻Ѧ֣ͷѦ˵ֱ衣
ŵӴϢڵӾöֺ£ѵİ֣֮άô붫Ƶ۹ùϵһǰôѦ֣Ȼأ
ܶĽŮӣڵ֪ϢʱնԼ˼ˡĶڶԼй˼ʵǺʷ
漸СﰮĽѦĲſͬ벻ͨѵǰѦ棬ͲĹʦ룬ͦҸжġǲе㲻Ծ
ȥģֱͬźһ赼ƺǰҲЩһ㱡ĸое塣
ˣǱչ侲ȥɡ
ЩҲûʲôˣǼ·ĵڶͷԼȥ

ţвͬȥѦһ档
ŵ״Ҳûʸȥ˼塪ʵϣǱ˼ϵĵӣȫǲܼˡ뾲˼ġ
ıһҲ޷ĿģҲֻܷ
ڸ֪Ѧʱúܱɷؾ⼸侲･ҲһЩ뷨
ô˵ѦϾԼĵˣȻΪ˶ԷԼӡǲ
˵ѦҲΪ˶ѣҲֻ֤Ʒвֳôáϸ룬ʲôϵأ
ѦԺѦʧ裬ôҪǼˣǸ԰˼ڷң˽ҲֻҪһֱ֮ϣҲ˻
ۣһ衣
ʵһֱ֪Ѧ飬ԾһǿˣֻҪѦ߻ƣһǸӡ
ڣһǸ϶ǸѦˣٱ򶯡
һѦġ涼㹻ɫˣֻˡ
⣬ʮԺѦʵһһʱȣΪȣѦֻڵȷϲѦģѾĹϲάֶãԼҲȷ
ҪˡҲûôԺˡ
ˣҲ˷ʱ䣬ɴشͬ뿪

²ŵġ˼ϵѦ˼ŵһ⼸гﱸ˺ڽȥݷˡ
̧֣ڻɫ¡ĺ¡
ɡ˵
ûᣬһϱƽˡ
εʦΣԱ߻ʦʯΡ
ԣͬ˵ĸܺá
һ˵ĳɲλ¡
Ѱڰ˵Щֱ˵ɣҸʲô
һͿǸϲȦӵˣʱҲ̹׵˵Լ⡣
ѹӣĳ涾Ϊ̥˾ھ֮У޷Ҳ¾֮ʮִԲСľͻᱻѡ⣬ҲؾõҩҩԲ⣬ҲᵼĳһอڵĶؿǿʹĳܵشĶͬʹƣòͷ̲⣬ĳʱ䣬ڼҲܳ塣ÿʱĶԱĳͻΣڵϦһգĳýֺĵرһͬʳҩܾȽอ뾲ܻⲿֶأĳ»ָƽ⣬ܼȥ
˵һ¶һЦˣĳԪҲȻߣȴûֻ١ĳļޣŬҲ޷֣ͨĳʮжһѰҸ֮˳ɣҲֻˡ
ѵĵһĻʣأ
һһ˵ʦһطԽذγ룬ʱĳ˵ȳСԪҲ룬ϵӰȴࡣĳпɣһֱͻҲһֱȥˡҲƳüۼ佥Щͣ˵󼸾仰ĳ֪Ƶ۹شﲩ޾ԴѹλȨأͷĳҪѹطеδñҩ㹫ûУ֪ҩϢҲǼˡ
û¶ʲô飬ֻζؿһ
ʵϣＫڶˢء
[Զ׼ѦʱŪЩҩģһÿ궼Ҫõ¡]
[ѦҪϼݣҹǸطҩ]
[⵹ù]
[˰磬ǰ]
[ڸϽ飬⵹ùҶá]
磺
аɣѦ桰ӡǰҲͦ˼ģ
൱ؿѣ˵ѣĶ࣬һҲûʲôҪ˵λҲǴɳ˵Ķ㿴еأ
һȻе΢΢ȣǺܸмؿһ硣
ȴȻбۿ˵㻹ͦϲģ
[ƣһûбŵ]
[ǰоݵѦ棬űУ쿴Ӧ]
ΣѸɨһ
һܿԼı飬ĹâȴЩģܵ˾š
Ц˵ӦǸĶ֣ȬҲԶдһ
һŰ˿
ѵĶȤζõ㣬Ҳ˵ͷ˵ȻиӣҪʲôҩ
һæǬȡһݾᣬ˫ֵݹ
ʾ⡣
߹ȥӹ򿪣Ѹٵش϶µ
һеţȻǲȷġ
Ѹٿ꣬˵ӣһʮһֱҩĽ׵ʮ֣׵֣׵֣߽׵һ߽֡׵⣬Ŀⷿﶼжࡣڳ䣬߽׵ϼʱڣҩ԰мٹʮͻ졣
һɴϲ
һȫˣ


60 ʮݱҩ
΢΢ף㹻Ԫʯ, ˡ
һʱмޱȡ
ʵͿѵӱȽϰ֮࣬ΪǲģҲû뵽Էôˬ졣׼˺, ԭǴºлԷṩϢ, Ȼһλ
һǿ򶨺, ˵Щҩѵ֮λѰͬƷ׵ĸһЩ, ȴ߽׵⣬Ʒ׺һ, ĳÿһݳöƷԪʯΣ
üʣҪݣ
һϿ˵ʮһֱҩУĽ׵Ĵ඼ΪӻԱ裬طҲдãΪպҵ, ĳЩҪʮ, ֪ɷ񣿡
ѿ
ش˵ʮеġ

µҩ԰ӷǳ࣬󱻲ժıҩҲǳ, ҩ߽ϺŻҩ, Ժҩ, ׵ıҩ˺ü֡
֮⡢رӵҩ԰ҵױҩƷ־Զֹ, ڳƬ, ֻҪ˽ױҩ, ÿһֵĿ١
Ƚɺϵ, һг, պöС
˵, ߽ױҩǵôⲿȡ, ôݡ˵, ֻ˵ʱλ˾ˡĸһ˾һ߽ױҩҲһ갡
ЩѾˡ
οиʥ̥˽ף⹫߽ױҩʲôСƵģа˽ױҩֻҽѡ
һҪ߽ױҩҪ顱ԵʣѲŻûܵøպõȵʮѦʱպӵС

΢΢̧°ͣʣʲôʱҪ
һԥػش𣺡ĳԪʯѹӲ⣬ȻԽԽá
ѾͷԸȥ׼
Ӧһǡֶһ˵عԴ
һֵл
ţб޵ŮЩˮģһһʸˡ
һʦʦ㶼˫ֽӹ
κʯθոûҴ˶ԻҲϲģ˵һֱŬ̬۽üҵЦڲסϲʤҲСĵһչʱҲȻϸ
һʱ䣬ںǰ
ȻذǣһֻСѵֱߡ
Ҳȡоòģ˳һš
δ֮׽ʮȻžΪǻû̫ĶȴǸһֲ岻κ˵ĸо
һƼ֮ǰѦ飬ЩЦ
ҡ
֪ôģѴӦЩҩʼԼ䣬ƺʲôΪصĶԼŲƵģ˼֡
յʱ
ȻһֻǬ
ץǬֱӳһǱȥ
һæӹ΢鿴¶Ц⣬æ˵лѹӣʮݱҩˡ˵ҲóֻǬߵʦ֡
ʯΰֻ͵ѵǰӹ
һ͵һֻǧƷԪʯΪҩġһֻǴ˴óȻŰݷõ񣬻ѹЦɡ
Ǭ˿Ҳûô⣬սǬ
ˣǮóһƣֶһҵƾ֤ʮҪҲˣʹ㹻ԪʯŸȥƵ۹Ĺҷ˾ˣȡһϼݡ
һùҵķϣóһż㣬ˢˢд˼֣˵˰͵Ҿ˾Ǳ߹µȾ˾˿еʱȻܿʱ֪£϶ӡ
һԽмǸܻĵˣҲ֪ôܱݸмҲֻٴιֵлˡ
Ѱڰ֣˵ôŰɡ
һĿĴɣۼλûʲôĵԸҲͺʶȤظˡ
ְڰ֣߰߰ɡ
һˡ
ңһ뿪ܿ뿪ڡ
ΪĲſҲߺܶˣһȥԵ֡
ѻǸ棬һθ򵼵ģѦĴ塣
Ѧ桢֣ȻͬȽˬ䣬Ҳ໰Ҳûʲôܹı֡ͨش·ءܣȻͲٴšͬʱҲȶѺĸ֪ʼնûжġ
ԭͲôӴ˼Ҳɲᡣ

һ죬ѺһƬ峺Сɹ̫
[塭ѦӡడѦĽӴҲ࣬ʱ䶼ѦϣǸǳĹ]
[Ҫ屻ڻҵֻѦҲûôֻҪţ֮λ뻹Ҫġ]
[Ѧһ죬˵һؾģȥؾĿĺΪѰҰԼָʵıҩƺһѦµ;СǴǸؾѦʵ̫ͣûнȥؾǸʲôͲ]
[嵽ôؾģ˭֪أ]
һ߸ţһ߰˸ӣ͵ѵߡ
ҧסԵ
[ζ]

ڶ֪һϢǾŽĳɽȻһ¿ؾ
ؾĶУһҹͿɣʱʱʱ乩߽룬ߣʵ־¡

ԭŹϢһ
ʲôؾȻᡭɣ
[պþǸɣ]
[ҲǲܰѦʲôԼʱ򣬺뵽Ѿ˼ʮ¡ô˵ǰʱ򵼣ܿˣ]
[ҲԣպѦٳ˵侳絽־£ָպؾ֣ŸպÿԽؾ]
˳˳󱳣ʵȥ𣿡
Цˣֱ׵ػش𣺡ȥ
ҪֻԼûʲôȤǴԼͦõδͻȻеһȥˡ
ͷ˵ȻȥҲͬġ
Цˣһ˾˲ȥȥҲȥģ
ݸǡ
Ѷ˵ؾҪҡ
ԥȻ
ѵ͸ˡ

ʵϣȷûѡ
һȷʵܲסѣѹȻѶԼ͵ܣϵķȥ˵ؾʵ޾ǽӽ־ٸЩҲõİȫ
ǷֻǶСӣҪúչСѡ
ҲӷԼı֤˵ġ
Ůͻǡ
˵ǾͲȥˣؾ֪ô£ҸһСͷ磬չ˺ҵģ԰ɣ
ûԥȻ
ŮҲֻ÷ˡ
Ѧ㡭
𶼴Ӧˣʲôֹģ

ʱܿȥ
գۼؾŻӣڳֳ·ڶһľؾʲôӣͦġ
ڶǿɲǴﵽʵҪģ׷
ΪؾûҲûзʲô
һηȥˣԽȥ


61 ؾ
ؾ֮, Ķˡ
šеʵڶʹŷбԸ߿նؾ̽յĵҲڱ, ø˼ȥ
ѵҲûг˽ױ, ǸڵһжѦ㡢೤վһ, Ҳֻڵĵӡ
Щڵһ۾Ϳ˴źܻڵѺʹźܼ򵥵첲Ÿ첲վһǵȻҲѾ֪δ, 뵽Щ֮ԡǻȽᣬٶǴεġ
˭ø, ܻӭأһԼǵŮǶûϷʲôװ֪ĻҲǿܽҹȥ

ѿûЩֵֹǰؾڴ, ˵, ǰؾû
ܿԼȻȥؾ, ҲͦԼ̸ܶ, , شһȥ߸ؾģ
գգ, ȵ߸Ǵƽÿȥһ
˵ǡ
Ȥ, ˵ô, Ҳûر
΢΢º, ͷԺ, ˡ
ѵ˵ǵȻ
ʱݸ
˽̸ڼ, ڴǸڶˡ
ԭʱǡڶԵһЩ, ԽԽȹ, Ѿд緢˵ͨѾȶܹȥˡ
ȻѦ𣬴ݵÿһλҪؾĵӶߡ
ٹյʱ䣬ڵӿ½ؾ֮ڡ˴ؾûƣҪҲδ֪˸СģĪҪ³ç
⻰ﻹи֮⡣
ؾôˣ϶ӵģؾҲɱҲһǳң˵д䡣Ҫû㹻׼ĵӣþͲҪóȻˣʹȥ˵ģҲö๶һС档
ؾԴḻҲźܶԤϵΣգ˭Ըأ
ԼʹѦѣڶĵҲڣǶ׼ˡ
Ҳʼ׼
в½ָıڴϵۣŲۣʵȴһ׵ķ֮
Ҳûԥ½󣬰ӽסֽ´ϵϡ
ѻûӦͳĻˡ
ڸоԼʵؿʱһӾͺˣҲе㷢¡
磿Ƶؿڣġ
Ҳе㲻ڣ§סѵŬ侲ؽ͵Ҳ֪ؾĹģȷǽȥǷᱻؾֿҰʹб仯Ҳиʸͬһط
ѻȻ
˵ŮҲܶ¶Ͼֻʮ꣬ǰûȥؾŮҲûȥȻⷽϸȱ
ôһͦ˼ġ
Ѹ˵˵𣿰ҹˣؾҲжΪһˣ
˼£΢΢ҡͷ˵⵹δأֻؾ£ô׵ıܽ赲߰ѹһ֡һǿܳһֻȽϽӽ˵⣬ָһЩѣһǻǱֿˣͲҪߣȡ׵ı治ҪȻҷλͬʱǬĶҲһֱֽǬҵĶ򡣡
úϸ
οԼδһȥðաû˵ģȤȻҪϡ
ңϸµضͦ˵ġ
粻ģϸϸ˵˲١
ڽؾ֮ǰѵģ̫Ĵ󣬽ؾԺ󷴶ǲסˡھϣؾҪǷֿ¶ǰ׷ѿҲûϵ

΢ߺͶ潲ˣʵû̫У§ס˵龰˿ȴ൱ܡ
ǲڵĵӣһĻ󣬲ɶЩ죬²⡪λʱɶûôǵģѵΪǸ£Ǹɴ
ҪҲ֪ô˵ˡ

ڵĵǣ̲ס̾ˡ
ⶼʲô¶
Ѧ㣬ǰȷʵеģϾô꣬ľ̫󣬺ܿʰ飬Ѹٸı֮Դʣµǵļƻ
ڿѺ֮ȵģѦ㻹ԷЦСڵĸԽԽã¹˶þҪɻ˰ɣҪǾٰ磬ɱϷ򡣡
Ҳû뵽Ѹĸôá
Ѧ㶼СϸظѽĻȻСһʲô⣬ҲΪǷѸ֮ϵرǢһЩС֮ҪԵ⡣
֪ôΪδģҲѦ˵úܶԣֻ˳гɻ
뵽⣬ҲЦһգȻҪġ
Ѧۺ룬ЦݺͰúܡ

ʱؾͨȶ
ŵĵһûһЩȽСɢȴѾسӿȥҪȽؾռȻε̫ˣ˭֪ؾԴжأԴ˶ˣȻȵȵã
ؾѾȶ˹ȥʱֱʧͨȴûзʲôѪ¼
ŵĵŷ׷ʹͬƷ׵ıҲٵرڡ

§ѣµѥϹâһֻһߵǰԥٳǰ̤룬ֱعסѵΧԪ
ѱǰؿڵģҪؾܺ棬ŤͷΧ龰ı仯
ʵֻڿѶԪĸ֪ǿѸٷڴԪȽϻңϢӿȫͬԭ￴ʱᷢڻһͨǽ붴ڣֻᷢͨʵֻӰ
̤ɲǣһա
Ѹо繿ԽԽ󡭡ҲܲһֵҪǷֿ
Ȼؾ
ƺҲһӿֳڸԿž˵ĵֵ
Ȼ䣬ǰһ
ͬʱоһɣֱ۲ˡ
Ҳˡ
վڵϣ΢΢һ£ţٵسΧһˡ
ðɡѵǷֿˡ
ѿٵóױಡȥһ˲еķ󷨡
Ȼ˿
ѲŸմ˺Ͳһɺܴĳ徢͵ײ˳ᡣ
˿Ӵ⿴ȥ
[룬ѹȻǶԵġ]
ԭĲ治֪ʱһͷɳľ޴ͻϵسײ
[Ǻôһͷ]
Ѳú£ϾôŬҲѹ岻ķ
̫ˡ
ͣʵҲ׶ѡ
°ͣʼ
[簢磬أ]
[ѾڳˣһƬɫĻһͷͻײ]
[ҪƤӡ]
߶Ҳ˵ģǬֽ
ѽûС
ѵ绹ûд


62 ¼
ֵһС, ǬûֽѶʱе㵣ġ
룬Լдֽ
, 㻹ðɣڵĵطкܴƬɫ, ڱ, ײҪƤӡ㿴ֽԺ, Ұ
дѰֽսǬ, һԵǬ䴫˹ȥ
ԺҲ̫ܿƵؿʼ
[ûػǲΣˣ]
[Ҹֿˣǲӻˣ]
[紩żѥ, Ҳб, ȫӦû⣿]
[硭]
һ룬һ߼Ŵ⡣
ͷĺ, ΪײʼûײôԵ, ûаٵ, ó˼ֲиľ
ءģֺ
[ôһֱײҲͦõ, ˾ͿֱӰɵ]
[Ϊʲôûֽ]
Źյʱ, ѺĵشǬͳһŹӿС
Զ, Ӱ, һһŮͲܴ, ƺùϵ, ö
ǵĴ, Ӧòǳʲô, Ӧɢˡͨû߾ɢˣɢеľߣΪǻºѰԴޡѰٱҩġĵرȣΪ
ɢǴҲ˼Ƚ϶࣬Ͼһ·̫˵ױڻҵġá
Ѵһ£ԣᡣ
鲻ᣬҲûкˡ

¿ͳһ̥ãƶĸȫûʵĴһܴݿʼмСڵ־
ǡؾȻ֪ΣգһᣬǴƴһƴ
ϾûʲôǮҪһԴɲֻƴ
УȻû̫ԶƾѪ֮ĸӦ˺ܿؾˣžͿʼѰұ
Ǿȵǣû߶ԶƼһͣһƬĸ
¿ͳ϶һۡ
ȥ
֪ûˣʲôˣǲȥ˰ɡ
ǳƬĶ󲿷ֶѾˣժԺ׬һʡ˵ǱѾڻɿأ㹻࣬ǾˮˮӦòͻ
Ҳǣ׼һвԾ̾ܡ
㵽ͲһҲðֽؿ첽ǰȻԽԽϵıҲùŹ
磬ͷһ߳ײ
ȷǡ
ô죬ȥǺӰǲǱڳˣʵܲŽķԼҪǳײˣҲΣ˰ɡ
СãϸǱϣ岻ˡ
ԡ˿ܾǵصԼײɹġ
¿΢飺ҵ˼ǣЯ׵ıˣ˵ļҵһܺʵǿԹȥʣҪҪһɱˡã˵©ʲôǾܶ
϶ˣȥһǮ˵Ĳ졣
ǰҲûؼʶȤΪ˷ǣֻҪƢ̫ĹСǣ඼׬һ㡣
϶Ҫڿ˼ظǮġ
뵽Ͻڳ¿ߣһ߽䱸ţһߡ
౦̫Զʱ˿˳¶޾ףÿ˲Ҷ࿴
¾ôһۣ۹⣬Ҳ˲ֱܷһλСӣʵҲߣǸıʧɢˣŻڳﱣ
ҪǣʲôܣֻλСŵĹӣҲ㹻֤൱Ǯˡ
׵ľƹǧһš
¼Բ𣬸ο͵Ѱˮгԡ

¿ʾԼӡ
ȻΪҵȥѯʣɱһںöࡣ
ǳϾ΢΢ѯʣӣ⳵ǰɻҪ
ҲѾµİ˵ͣײؿһʲôͻ˹

̧ͷ
Ĵ㣬һ۾ˣ˵Ҫ
һѵķӦԼˡ
ȻǸδСӣЩ˵Ҫദܶࡣ
¿˵Ӳö˿Գ֪Σ
Ƥɺɢ˵Ƥá
¿ͳ϶¶Цݡ
Ǳߵƺøġζһ¡໡ػһֱų¼ɱ
¿ϣ˲ɱһ
öѵ̬ȱȽڣʼʱַȴ൱ѸٳУúϻӳĬ
ѳ°ͣǰ⻹㼤ҵƴɱԼǬ䡣
[ûаֽ]
[絽ܵȥˣ߶˰ҰƤˡ]
[ȰңǵøŪƤɣ]
ţѰƵĻֽдһ飬ٴδ硣
ͬʱǬͳһСӣϸ׵ָ̽ȥذ˼¡
ģԪײ

¼úԸǺѸٵģΪСģ㣬൱Դû˺ƤëΪѸ⣬¿ȥƤȥ׽
ѴСץһԪңݸϡ
æסִһɨʮʱϲ
Ǻô󷽵Сӣһͷȥ۸Ҳһ𣬺ǲһԪңֻǰɱ˳ְƤѣȻôԪҵǮ
ˬ̫ˬˡ
Ȼ۹ģǸԩ󡭡ǣǸ
Ǳ߳¿ɻܿ첻ѻƤŪãѾɾˡʱ˫ѯʣ͸µĻ⣬Ӵδ
᲻𾢣˵ֻҪƤӣʣµ߰ɡ
ϸϲˣӦлӣ
Ǳ߳¿Ƥ͹ȥ²սǬ
¿˳ǰƤʵ֪⻢Ƥںδ
Ѵۣڳ
¿ˡ
һ˲ƤʧǰѾ
ѴСץһԪңݸ¿
¿ϽסһɨøոһҲʮ
ķ˺һĸ̫̾ˣ
лӡ
Ǭ䣬ûֽʱȤˣôǰˣƵ˵ˣû£Ҵһ
¼õȻû̸߸˵ػش𣺡Ǹţ֪ôƺ
ѿӣְѹ˶һߣ˵
[]
[絽İ]

ģΪʲô˵дֽҲûд
⻹治ѡ
ԴؾĹϮڱ˦ȥɲֱۿˣҲˣȻ֪ѱˡżúܣҪȥˣҲϽдֽѻ౨ƽ˭֪ȻǱ׽һȺأ
һĽ죬ʮͷסʮͷסͷһ׵Ⱥ
Ⱥ羪ϷѪʳ˲䷴Ӧȿֺ˹Ҫ˺飡
صȻճ¾ʹ˸ͷǵĽǣ͵ذ߳ȥĵ磬ٵ¾Ⱥǡ
Ƕ࣬ʵ粢̫вκĽͻϮ磬ǲǽΧϵɧ磬谭Ĺơⲻͽ
粻ȺҲû˺ҧУֻôͷǷ׷˻һͷͷնɱɾҲҪѲʱ䡪ͱôס¡
ҿѾĥ൱ȣ´ǰļ٣Ѹٵ侲
ɲȺ﷭Ǿ͸ڽ֮࣬ٶȡǣȻٸдֽ
ˣЩǵƤëΪһ׶׵ľˣ׵ĿƤ̺ӣĽ׵ĿƤ졭
Ʒ׸ߵЩһͷܷŹ
ڸ㶨ȺǬˢĺЩСֽ
֮Ȼеҡ
ûܼʱѴ򵽻ƤˣƤҲ


63 ط
һſֽ, ڻܰȫ飨źԺҲԷ, ҲдֽǬ, һǱƽһǱʾԼŪ˺ܶƯƤᾡҹȥǧڳﲻҪҲҪų¼á
һƪ߽صʬ, ٰĽ׵ƤµĲԼʬ, 򶼱սһǬ
ǰûһյʱ, תҪߡ
ʱȻиٵɤ
λ̨, Եȣ
üͷ΢, ȥѵġ
𼱴ҴҵĽŲ, ת, ޱؿˡ
һӸϴ΢꣬ŵѲ, ӲӦмʡĳ̸ӢǿҲ, һͷĺҲűȽЦݡǻжġ
ֻɨһۺ, ʣʲô£
΢, ˵Ǯ, п˼С, ҪԴǮĳֻ̨Ľ׵Ƥģ̨֪Ƿн֮ȫ۳Ĵ㣿
ȻڵܸʲôǮ
Ǯ౦ϻشһı൱Ҽ׼ȷ޴©
ȱİٶʮͷһһÿͷʮͷǰٽÿͷȥëƤʮͷǰǧÿͷĽǰʮԪҡһʮԪң̨ΪΣ
΢΢ۡ
һɱ˶Ƕô˷һֱɽºء
Ǯ౦Ƥܺ`ЦǮĳܣʵǲðͷһˣֻҪȺ˺Ƭ̨¸ǿȻһȺɱɱ¾
ۼǮ౦Ҫάûִ̧꣬סĻֱ˵㡣
ܲܵġʵǲôǮ౦ϴŲܱԼĶҲڻᱻȺ˺顣
װʬǬȥ
Ǯ౦æסȡһСԪң硣
粻ٸϻתߡ
Ǯ౦׷ȥ˵̨֪ؾʲôĿģǷǮĳͬУǮĳʧɢҪѰٵˡ
ԭٶߣǮ౦仰ʱͣ˶
Ѱٵ
Ǯ౦ʱһЦæ˵ȷеġ

Ǯ౦ۿ⵶¾ߣʵƽȻ֮ύ˵չʬʱһ̸վֻǽףﲻչлƲʵ˽飬͵ķӡ
ˣóԹɫ⵶ͷǸӣƫȥҲͷ˵ֻʧɢҪȥѰҡôͷǡһֻѰ֮˳˶Էע⡣

Ǯ౦ûԥһСӣװһֻСɵĺֻĴָô˫׺Ө⣬൱
ѰٵȻֻǶȴƾϢѰһ
ҲĨһѣóһֻѩ׵
Ǯ౦һ㶣Ѱ󣿡
ж꣬ҪֻܾһܵҪؾ׼ȻҲ׼ûʱѾԸ׼ѰѰҲѾѵϢΪ˱ʧɢûҵˡ
ؾڵĻ᲻ӰѰһ棬ѰŵķΧҲһ棬Ѱ󲢲ȫı֤
Ǯ౦ѰٵͶһõĶ
˵ҪѰٵˣ˺ܸܲͬУ
Ǯ౦Ȼѵλ˹ӶĻҪҵǶԷĹ
˺ܶͷûбֳɺܿ˵ǮĳͽѰٵ̨̨ҵ˺ԷԸǮĳͬУ̨ѰǮĳҲѰǮĳʧɢˣΣ
νһطˣ統ȻͲٸֿ
ͷԡ
Ǯ౦⡣
ԷĹ˲Ͷ˸ύѰͷԺмĻᡣԷύͣôҸڲ˾ǡ
˵ȡһùӡ
ǽ峿ģմȾµϢġû֪
ҪȻ߾֮£
Ǯ౦ɫһ˲ĹŹ֣ܿʹѰٵתһȦ
ѰٵȻʱӳߡ
ᵯĵѰԴ
ѰһڶڵϣҲߡ
ֻóѰٵ޶ͬһߣӦǲˡ
ңӦҲǧ֮ڡ
ǧѰĸ֪Ҫģö࣬ûôٷֱ档
߶ȻתҪȥѻϣ
Ȼ󲽱ȥֻһ䣺ϡ
Ǯ౦ۼգۼͱһ￪⣬ҲϽϵı˹ȥ
ҲǮ౦ϣֻóԼٶȡﻹеźؾҲ˼ѥܼԸܶ౶

ڳǰһ߰ؿйӣһ¼ýչ¡ʵ²ǷϵģԭȤ󣬿ڲû¿Ҳһǲˡ
ΪͦģҲǼ׹ӣǿ
¼ٴθܵѵĴ󷽣Ķˡֻⱦļ̶̳ȣٿѵ̬ȣǻѹס˸Ե̰
ҪƣҪơ
ͻȻ䣬ѲǬĶʱһæǬͣҳһСֽչȥ
[紫ֽˣ]
[ٲϢҪġ]
ֽĺܶС֣ѿſţϾ¶һĨõЦ
[д˺ö֣⻹ࡣ]
[ԭȺˣѹָոհûдһɱ˺ü٣]
[ڰ֮⣬Զ]
[֪ѺƤңԭˡ]
[ߡ]
¼õ׻Ǽʶޣ֪ϻܻഫǬԽ䣬ҲΪʲô仯ô졣ɫڡ¡ɴһֽʱǾȻ죬š
ֻǡ
ǶһۣЩ档
һֱоԵҲλСӣֽдʲôˣȻĳӣ˶鶯ƵģЦǺÿˡ
ţ¼ÿѰֽСĵֶǴ˸ƣղ˵˺ܶࡣ
~~˵ֶŹӣȻ൱á
¿̽ӹָԼһš
ɤ࣬õĺôҲԽ鲢ïʮȤ
ڵ°ͣҲٸոһ·ɲˡ
Źһʱ䣬ԶȻһιƵģһɫӰٶգۼܽˡ
¼òƣֻûĺë˶ˡҲõĺô࣬ûߣǾڱǰǷؿˡ
Ǹθߴӣʵͨɢѹ˵òҲ൱ӲϢżǿɷ֮⣬һֲǵġҪҰˣǶҪԶԶ뿪ģɲҶĶԷƢòá
¼ûûýҪôʱʹһϲõ
磡


64 ˸
¼ñܵس濴ȥ, ͼǽСӼҪ̽Ƶģ֣Цӯӯ, ۽üҶŸˡ
һ, ɢЩ˵ûȫɽ䱸ҲٺǰһоΣˡȻиԭǣôɷ˵Ӳ, һʱ, ϢƺɲЩ
ֻһЩ, ȴҲ˿
Ŷʶİ
񻹺죿
ǾͺǾͺá
ѵô󷽵Ĺ, ͦϣµġ

ѿûô, ڿϤӰ, Ѿ̿, ոյǵģһӱ׵Ժ
[]
[ͦ, ûƭҡ]
[ģϽϳһѣ]
[ûˡߣаɡ]
[㻹]
Ѳʹӳ˹ȥ, Ǽʱؼǰ⹫ĶǰĶΪʵֻڿС˼ڿȫú, ǲܵġ
, ڳˡ

ҲԶԶͼ, ԥֱ
ٶ, ԭǰ·ѰٵѰҪϺܶ࣬ǽǮ౦ɵ
ӽѵĺһҲ˳ӶԷָӿ첽ӣһ˲Ծϡ
ѣˡ
ⱦڲռǺܴģ߼ŵĳᡣ
Աߵĳ룬淭һѸָŲ˵ȥϴһϴ
ǰʱֲڵúܣѴôЩӺҲԾ˲ϰߡһ⻰ûӽѣŲһգȥ衣
һգԾ졣
[ʵҲҪô졭]
Ѿڲˮˣǡôʱӿٶȳϴ
Ҳʱѿһ˿ٽӽ
Ǹӡ

Ǯ౦׷ϵģǵټһ˵ľԷЩӣӽ̫죬Ǳߵļ˸ов
ͬʱǮ౦ѸٴǱߵļˡ
ǰŵӦɢˣҲʵԣҲбȽϳĿˡ¶ʵǺĺÿŮ̬ҲϳⲻʲôװˣǸŵĹӸ磬һҪ£ĴͻոǵϣĹˡ
ֻǣΪʲôλӸ翴е㲻
Ǯ౦ѸٵЦվ೵ỹʮĵط
̨Ǯ౦Ǳеٶң͸ոλһġ̨֣֪ôƺ
ƳǮ౦һۣû̻شѯʣؿڣУû˵𣿡
¼֮أг¿˵֮һȽϺƽҺùԴʱȥˣһʱûԴǲŻȥơ
Ǯ౦ЦЦԭǳ͡˵ʱݳһöͭǮ¿Ǹƾ֤λպʲôԴڷѰʱɽｻƹ񣬽һΡ
¿ϲӹǮ౦л
ҲܸˣȻͭǮϲ˼ǮԽԴһ棬ƹڿҲʨӴſˣɢˣν൱ʵá
öãвǱУٶҶôӵǺư

Ǯ౦ΪʲôŰ
Ǯ౦ظĿڣش˵֮ǰɱһȺǣǮĳǡҪƤģЩʬˡȻҪѰҹӣǮĳǡѰٵͽҲһùӵķɡ
ѡŶһʣˣ
Ǯ౦ЦĽ׵ƤӶˡ
¶Щɫ
ʱѵҲӳ档
Ǯ౦Ӹ˽ӽǻ͹֮ñֵľ롭ǸʶģҲ
񣬵Ͳǻ
ߣѵɳڣǮ౦¼֣˵Ƕɡ
Ǯ౦лߵǰ̧ϳ
¼һۣЩܳҲˣλӸ֮ǰϳ²ɢˣǶԳμ˽ȺλС硱Ժͷˡ

ױڲݻ裬ó¼ÿ۽磬ҲǮ౦һʶѵĲ
ڽһУǮ౦Ȼ֪ѵ˵ҲҪˣصڣ˱˸¿͡
˲û̫ãϾεؾΪġ
óЩӶ¼ãְŵѰ󽻸Ǯ౦˵ɢ˰ɣҪһ𣬲ͷǡ
¼ɺʶȤõĹӳ׻мĽ׵ģڴ˵ָģ˵ȴѵá
һؾǿɶҧðյģλõһЩԴ֮ǾͿԸСһЩסΪϡ
ûŲߣ֣ܿصǡ
ߺǮ౦Ҳ׼ͬˣΪǿˣͷǵǹӸĻһȡ˼ҺúõҪһ䣬ǿв룬ǾͲͼύڹء
Ǯ౦һѯʵ֪ؾǮĳҪôѰ󻹸λ
ν˵һֻѰѣˣòŻ
Ǯ౦һҭ
аɣλңƺҲȷòһֻѰ
Ǯ౦ٻ˸ƻȡһƣͿ͸ѣ˵˱еصȹƣλԺȤôƿõдȻλδؿϣܹҲЩ²ǣ
ѿƣ˹ȥ
Ǯ౦ܸˣûٴŰۣҲˡ
ֻʣѺˡ
ƣȥһ
ΣӲȴ΢΢Щ͡
̾ףѽӹƿɲΪǮ౦˵ЩôƱڵģͺܷѵ

һƽԭϣһߴֳص󿪴ϵһͷʨս
ͷʨʵﵽĽףμΪѸͣ⵶֮սʱȴ϶ѷɫԷ˿ÿһȴ򣬽ʨ౼ӷסʹò֮
ᣬʨĸͱʿ໩һأͷӴҲȻȥ
ˡ
һصϵѪڵϡ
ʱϸŷĺϹĹҵģԵ˲ôͦΡеӷס
Ȼ󣬵ֱ󱳣С
ͬʱǹðƯƯԴ
磬ɱˣġ
΢΢ͷֳС
Դ꣬˵͵ļϣһ
ԭ⵶ʨɱʱһֱŸÿꡣΪ˱İȫͷŶһǿڵɱʨų
ţߵʨʬǰʵѣʨ𣿡
ͷƤӲãҲҪˡ
ʹӦһҲͲȥʨӣֱӽͷʨʬսһֻǬС

ɣ˾Ѻ硣
ԴؾȷֿҵѺ󣬾ûѸֿһ־롪ڣһ·ôȻǣѵģһΣգҲٶȰ׵ϣȥΣա
һʼһú˼ɴȡһ׵Ĵӣÿ걻米ˣóȥԷؽѡϡ
ɷӣҲϰΣ
Ҳú˼

֮ǰߵƽԭʱһͷʨϮ編ƣȻɽ⣬ǬҲֶһ
ºôѣ˳ʨϢҵĳѨ
һҶΧʨϢû޸
վڶڣѣʣѣҪȥ𣿡
Ȼ˵̫굽ȥ


65 ͵Ϯ
米һӵ, ķԸҶȥѰʨġŲͬʱҪѵ
[㿴ʲô, ҽ]
[Ҷ಻ࣿûжźܶͷ]
[й𣬵ط󲻴ܲܿҪǿ, пӣһƮɡ]
[ҪͷʨӵĶȫߣ]
[ô˵, ûп]
磺
ûһֿܣˢ̫죬ѹûüش⡣

ſ, оΧһƬڰ, ŵļʵ󱳺ů, ҲûкӲ΢΢¡
ͦġ
, Ļظ
ҶܴʮɷԲҲ˱еõĹͷ, ǽкܶ, Ҳʴùͷһ𷢳ζû̫ҳӦʨƽſԵĵط, пʯ, ƿԺһ߼С
СӦʨض, Ŀ, Ľ׵, ӦʨûüԵġͷСѣƷͭģ޷ʱ򣬴Żڶףס
һƷԪʯǧţѾ˵ĽױҩӦʨԼʵġ
һ߻ظѵҲš˵
[ʮôСͷʨӰɡ]
[ô㶫ֵô]
[ʨҲ̫ˡ]
ݸ
ҶԺζͻȷôã˵ûʲôܵģǰѵ࣬ûʸġڴѹҲϰߵġ
ĶʵˣҪǰҲСһʲơֻǶ߽ױҩѰ˵һ׵ıﶼûУȻúܵġ
ҲıԹѹͲǵؾѰԴģؾ̽顱ģҲһ˵ˡ
[ôҲһ̽Ūģ㱣]
ӦţȡһֻǬװսǬ
ţһѣ߳ʨĳѨûʲôɿˡ
Ѹٴӣпҡ
ЩЦ˵ߡ
ʵĻأֻǸߣҲǻġο۷ɱںԵǲġ
ѰĲұһָ˵ȥǱɽɣ
̿ұ
룬°͸ļͷֱ׳˵㱳
ҲЦ⣬˵á

¿ؾ岻ںܹͣ붼ѰؾһһƬõأкܶ棬Ҳкܶĵر
ҲΪ޶࣬ĵرиȻѭǰû߽ĵرҲûﵽɼĵزΣĺܶɽǿ̫ࡣ
米ѴԵСɽǱߵɽïܣԪҲŨӦһЩıҩܷһЩԶŵġϸ˵Ʒ֡
ش󱳣ʱʱؾָĳȥơ
ÿҲ󲽶ȥĽŲ൱ȽǶôߵġ͵ɽ·ɵһ൱䡣
һҲԼİȫڣǿ϶µġ

ƹһϪڰɽĺ棬ԪŨ
米Ѽ䣬Ѿ
ɽиѿڣѿڴϵɫҺʯѾ˲һСôࡣ
̽ͷϳˣ˵ʯ̥Һ
е㾪ȣжϵ׵ġ
ؾҪʵ£ôճ˵ؾԴߵȼҲᳬסǰʯ̥Һڳ֮⣬˵ؾ²Ϊ
Ѻ綼㲻ΪʲôҲûҪǸɡ
ȡһֻ«СĵߵѿǰͶʯԼȡʯ̥ҺԼóһֻڵƿӣѿڣʵҺס
ѰſţȻǰﲻ˰ɣȴҲҡ
ȻҲ鷳
أʯĶ«վһְֻ磬һֻҲƣһ޶«
ڣԾɰȵģųƿҲȵġ
ɾһ̣ȻһȻһ֧̼ƿն
̼ޱȣһ㶾νݡ
ֶǺϤģԶ͵ϮٲǼֻڷ˲䣬һ𳨿ƿתصĶͬһ˲ɣصҲǺȻѹȥ͵ϮĵǸʲôˣȻԷˣôͲض˵ϻ
͵ϮȻû뵽ķӦô죬̳ˣܿ档
Ȼ뵽Լ͵Ϯնյض㿪صȴСţ
ѡ
ؾģԼδװģŪԴأȻС밵ǣô̵ס
Ѻԥͳ׵С󣬹עԪȥ׼˾ͷ䣡
Ϊʲôô׼
ΪѶĵ൱˽Եˡ
ǰԣѺܴҲ֣ûܸһֻΪۣûԼʹÿ쿴ֻΪĿȴҲϤһЩϰߡ
ƾĬжϳֺ͵Ϯ߽ܵķλ˲䷴ӦǱ߷
ԣһֱ͵ϮߵǿԴƫתһ£ͲǶĲϹۣ
ɾ͵ϮҲһҽС
Ķ죬͵Ϯ߰ʱ򣬷ǰصȻնΣ͵Ϯ߸޷ֿһҲߣô׵ϡ
׶
ˣŵʣ𣿡
СƲƲ˵ʲôµġ
¾ͺãͦλСûۼˣʳԺһתʵ׷ɱֺô꣬²֪ˡ֪Լǹˡ
ѳѾ͵ϮߣҲʮ꣬òϣټʵ벻ɢˣǳĸСɰɡ
Ϊ֤²棬ɽмӰ׷׷ŭ
ʦ֣ɱ˴ʦ֣
׼ӣһϣʦֱ𣡡
ҪСģʦֶǵĶ֣ɶʦһΧ
ĶǶͳɣ
һϣ
šüëܲá
ļҲͷĿӣһźɱģ𣿻Ϊʦֱأû¶ʲôĵı顣
˵νĴʦΪʵٶ죬һ¡Ϊ׶Ը¡
һˣҪʹˡ
[磬ȫɱ]
Ҳ˼
ؾԴһķ棬ǵȻһˡ
վӣնֻһ˲䣬ɱʦֵܼеһ˼˴ʧɫֵʱϣҲǼΪ


66 
ͬġʦ֡øͷ, ͷضǳʱΪֵص, ƺܴΧļʦֵܲšʦ֡ϣʹҲһ¸һǿҲеֿ֮ȻһҲǸѡ
ھԵʵ֮, Щ㶼ûá
ǳ죬ոһһѾǴʦֵܼ֮ȱ, ٽǸȱڣһ롰ʦ֡佻սһڶ㿪Է˲ֿһˡ
ı̫, ʦ֡濹, ⻹ʣµ, ͬʱһ뷨ȥѣ
ǿ米ж, ѲǸףֵܵǵĹֻҪܹѣض緽ҡ
Ȼûз, ȴǱ˼еŭ
ٶȶʱ, Ȼٿšؿպð˴, նһ, ƾֿԱߵһ
ǣҪʹƵʦֵܷˡ
ʱ, ŵľֻʣ¡ʦ֡һ, ǰʱ伫, ֮ĽսҲ˲ʮغϡ
ߵζܣʦ֡Ѿٴ̵ʲôˣʹͬһʵԷȻôԶֻӣ
ֻȴͷʦ֡þոսΪȰ˼ǧ֮һĿ˵ѶѡھʣôһˣȻǡ
죬ͬһӹգۼ⡰ʦ֡תȦȦˣʦ֡ȴǺȻأԴѾ׷ֿ
Ŀ
Ѱͷ̽һЩǼʬ˴ĺ󱳣㲻˵ÿγԺ󣬶Ҫʬ𣿡
ͷش˵Ҫȥ鿴һ£Ҫ£ǵĲҲû֤ݵĶĨۼԼǰ׼
Ѻʲô׼
һЦñԷѷ֡Ǳ׼
ȻҲ£ؾһģԼҲ㹻ķʽؾԺ͸Ǿ壬ֶλࡣ
ԣЩʲôͷ
²شͷ¿ͼǳժ¼ʬǬǵģ⼸Ǭ䶼ûУɼǺȵ껹ܸԼ㵽ǬԶˡ
Ǭ⣬ϴŵı𶼲ߣǵǰľ൱žһĽ׵ģȫףƷҲһ㣬ҲͼֵʮԪңȲָ¼õЩ
ǬĶȽңֵܼҲƽҪ˵Ψһ΢ֵߵģҲĽ׵ǸһƷԪʯѡ
Ѹп̫ˡ
[ǲ㰡˷˰]
뵽ʲô˵û
粻ʧЦ˵ȷҵʱҪԣһ㣬ѲҪҡ
ļ˵İɣ㡣
ִ˵Ц⡣
ûж˵
ܿڼҵƾ֤ǸСɵͨơ
ѳ˳ɣİ֣Ӧڲİɡ
絹ôȥŪݴСŵļ򵥽ܣΪ˽ؾ׼˽һЩȽϷ¡
Ѹ˵ȷǲģɴżʮˣʵߵǸ־ߡɽʱ䲻꣬־ոЩ־֮䣬Ѿɫŵˡ
Ķʣ磬ܿס־𣿡
˵ǰǲеġ
ü˵Ǿڿԡ
硰šһ 
ǶƵ۵־ҲԸˣɶԸ־ת޹ʵӦǿԵġϾʵ־ߵֵѹԪƷʱǰ߳౶вٱ͸˵
Ѻܸˣ˵ҳӡһ㶼û˵ٻ
ܸ̿㳤ӣ̫ˡ

ڽļѻſ米棬Ҳ֪ɺϣѳָǱƷʻĵرȻ˵ЩﲻмֵȽ϶Уڸ̾ѻԵõͬʱҲжؾһЩ
ͦ˼ģɽҵ׵ʯ̥Һһ֮ҲһЩ׵ıҩػЩҩģĽ׵ޣס
ԣÿ粻ɼ˱Ҳ˳ְЩʰˡƤӺõĶѣûȤģͱ
ڼ䣬Ҳߡ
˶ؾͦģɴҶΪԴٶҲ죬нĿԺܴ
ЩлŵģҲϲٵģҲڱٵġ˵һִҶûڶֵĻΪĵ꣬ЩҪѿŻ˳ۣż־ˡ
Ѽֱˮÿ˵൱ˡ
ҲǵһôɵؽؾⲢΪʵԵʣǰҲȥһЩʵ㹻ѹЩ˵ĵطȴʱʱ̵̿ؽңû̫ҲֻõԴǸɲǣᵽһ˿̤ʵС
ƺڸʶԺŴĵᵽһЩȽõˡ
Ϊѵİȫͬһֱž裬ǰĲͬҪȥ㵽ԴѾѾо̤ʵˡ

һ̣ϰ£ӽͳһŨĵѣװԪʯɵġ㹻ѵĺ
ҵģΪ˰͸
ϲ̵شӹָĦŵѵǡ
[ѵãؾŪһֻĵѡ]
[ǰ͸ҵġ]
ǾȽ΢ǲԾطģ绹ˣҲеˡ
룬ϲͺá
룬ǸһݻԵ
ɽȥ
õʱͻȻ䣬ڼĵطһƬõӰӣӳϡǣӰӻ¡¡ġ·ʲôӵصð졣
һ̸ѽ˵ؾżˡ
Ѳ쿪ڣؾżǲӰ𣿡
˵ϸһЩ˵ܶżģǰͷųľ󡣴඼ΪԪڵص±ˣͷųɢγɵصżĲӰ񡣡
ѶˣҲ˵ӰʵԪ۵ģ
ͷԡʣȥǸż￴𣿡
˵ȥ
û໰ԪעѥһŲȳѼǰСʹѥؾﱻƣȴܷӼױٶȡ
ûãһ·񱼣Ѿżǰ
;ѳԿ߱ԶԶ׵
黹ͦġ
ȵԺͷǰһƬգգۡ
[ۣͦΡġ]
[磬ʲôʱԽȥ]
ѣ˵ٵȵȣȶ

żǰ棬ֻѣкüߡ
ǿܽԱøЩ


67 ̽
Ѻִʱ, Ƿ׷׽䱸ؿǵǷѸŵʱһ˲, һЩŹ֡
ڸʲô
ؾҶڻԴģǸŵƺҲ˵ġ, ļҵĹӸ磬ǰɣ
ǱϾǲʶ, ⼸˼Ҳżûпⷢ, ֻǶ˵ķ˼֡
Ͳߡ
Ҳ˵ĴͲ, ˵ν, ǹ, ô, ֻҪǰ˵ľˡ
кЩ½
ЩЩ̹, ǰһƬĹЩζ, ûȫȹǲ̽ȥռȻֻڽȴ
أԽԽࡣ
ЩߵҲѺϣвμӹѦЩʶ, һʱܸ, ҲܸӡǵĵһӦҲǡڸʲô, ܿǾ뵽δ֮Ȥ, ͺһѾ
, ȫûԴĽŸ, е롭ת룬ԶƵ۹ĹӣƺȷʵؾĶ̫Ȥô˵ء
Ҳ˿ɡ
ؾ˶ӵģܲĹӸõġ

ʱ򣬼ڵĵ߹뵽Ǽ£ǻͣ˽Ų
ϾҲѹӲ찡˰ɡ
ǣʯκȴ˴к
ѹӣӣΥˡ
Ťͷˣϳһʦֺʦ㣬ʵһû
̾˵ʦӲ̫ãؾ˵ʡ
ʵϣҪûиѴɽףһǻؾƴһƴģΪľҵıҩǼȻѾ㹻ҩģľȻǻڵϣڷҪΪ֤Լڡ
κʯζƽʱԱһΪһصҲһԼĻԵ
˺ܸмʩԮ֣˿̹кҲѯǷҪǰæ
ǸˬĹֱӾʵѹӣȥ̽ЩҪʹǣ
˵䣬еĽҲ֪Ժ˷Ժǲǻǰһ
ʯûô뷨ֻǸһصͷ
ʹ˵кܶԵҲԸѷԸġ
üɷؾܾˣаС
λȻС뵥жԴʲôĲҪͺܸɴָ˸ǣʯߵһȥ
һЩʶѺ硢ȴ֪ŵɢǣǹ̬ȣ˴㣬ǱҪ֮̽ʱ򣬻ǾԶһ㡣

ŹСʱۼϰٸˣǰĹҲҲûˣڿеԪҲɢȥʹżȶ
Ƿ׷ʹһƵģͬߵԼѡ롣
ϣǾѡͬһ
ҲѼرС
˲ںԴһ£Ȼˣ룬ܵøõ顣

ٶģμ˲Ӱ
ѳҲһָ磬ȥһ
ԥسǱ߶ȥУ
һйﲻرֳۣķȽɫʰ쵣һַǳС
ںܶ˵еͲɶѶԣ൱
Ѹٽ󣬼Ҳ߱߾͹˸䣬븽һ
ֻһ죬Ų̤󣬹ĴžںϡⲢܶںҲ֣еĹ˺͹ţееһʮˡ
ǹ޵ģһϴţ˾ͽȥˣǾʹԵ
Ƕʱí˾ؿ񱼣֮ҲʼЩ߸Ҫ̤ĳͱһקסӵ󷽣ҲеĴ֣೶ȡȻȻѪ
κʯ˳һСһȥĻСڵӡ
Ƕƽġ

Ȼ죬Ťͷȥ
[룬Źˣ]
[ֻʣҺͰˣ]
[ҲǺܺڣʲôţ]
[Ŷʲô]
[㱳ҹȥ]
ڴŹϵ˲;ҲЩѻẦ£ܿʹӶԷз֣ѷǵû£ͦкĵġ
ԷЩҲǰ
ĺܴÿһһɸߣǺܶСƵ䣬ѵ硣ҹâۣҲûɢҲûз仯ɼרģʲôΣյĶ
쳤֣׼ָ
һץס֣˵ѣСġ
֣˵磬֬⹫￴ֻҪȼͲϨոǧ궼ûģһͿһˡ⹫ϲ򣬵ҲֻûЩôأȥһ㣬Ķ͸⹫
ѲóȻж˿ϸĻҲͷ˵аٸȡʮԼţȡʮ͸𣬻ĸ
룬ͬɣܲԺ˽ʱġ
ݸٵȥȡ
֬ȡ΢˳õһڵڴֻ˲յʱ䣬Ͱ¡
Ȼʣĸˣ͸Ԥϵһġ

Ÿ͵õôȤѸ²ˣָѰҡ
֪ǴʲôʱģڲĲʶܲһ㣬˵һƳ齵λһѾʧ˵ľƳɵģʹô꣬ɢŵ㣬Ŀŵʱ򣬸оԪתٶȣԪƽʹЧͬʱΪԪʹ
˵磬
[ʱۡ]
һůԥˣ˵лѡ
һָȥһ
ﻹһ硣
Ȥǣ֮˵ֻ總ķԲһ֮ڡҲ˵һֻҪ˵˫Ҫ̫Զô˾û취Ķ
ƵλйᣣǱȽϹ⻬ؾϣŹͽǶȵĲͬһʰ쵵ĸо
ϳѿڶǰɫϵĲ˿ģ
߹ȥߵᣲ£Ҫš
ȴƲˣҲҪ
ͰսԼǬ䣬˵ȥнƷʵĲϡ
ѱеƣô˵˵Ҫ仪˿ģ
ȻӦá
˼̽ܿҵ˼ֻ¯дͭӵģҲСյģ߾ɻߴǳۡ
¯⣬һЩϣƷ׶֮䡣
һ˶ȷӦһλŮӡ
ңŮӵ޵


68 ͬһؾ
޵˵ʵӦ־
жҪһЩʵҹıƷ, ǻᱻģƷ̫߾ͲʺϡףôߵʵӦ, ׵Щ鿴ҩԽΪºͣҲպÿԸ־ʹáʵıＸºϵ, ޵˵ʵͺˡ
Ѷ޵ʲôʵȤſı϶, ʱʱؾͿԼĶȥڲģ, ҪôԺµʹ, Ҫ
ԴδԺ, ѾԼܶ¶, ǰЩ̫ϲҲԼ, Ͼǿʹ͵ģĿԶ, Ҫʹ͵ʱóˡ
һ
[á]
[ǸС]
[, Ǹ]
[̫󣬰Űɡ]
[ȥǱߣ]
еΡ
ˣѲȤͲȤɣʲôҲ֣Ҳ̫ʲô̶ȡԼ, Ҳֻǰһʱ, ϰˡ
ǰѹ, в
Ѵ˵ȥұߵĲ
ӦһáȻŲһվ˹ȥ
ҲջһŴԼںõıīֽ⡢ǽŵĿþͼɲϵ鷨ӵоۼԪûܹ³ԪֻͭװźܶԪʯĴСƿӡϰٱѾ߰ᡪ΢һ, Щ඼ǻԼס
ŵ, ջ˺ܶ಻ͬƷʵĲ, ÿһòͬΪ轣ߴȭȻȵȵĻ棬ϸȥͻᷢЩʵ࿴һƺҲ뻭ƵģЩȭȵȵİ
ڵżţȻͱȽϹӣʵҲǾۼԪıв٣ЩҲƷ׸һЩоֵѡ
ӹɣ޵ĵطˡ
ѻЩȵǽ̵õģ
ͬ˵ǡ
ѹ˵ǴǺͻȥѧ
ͬҲá
˵
磺á
ȥ˺
޵˯ĵطˡ
ܴĳҪܰһЩɫҲӺг
ŮӳеĶﶼУƩױ̨¹ϻӵȣм߽ŵϰڷŵĻ衪ƺе֣ʹڣ滹ż׵ľȵıҩɫŨº͡
ȡһֻǬЩŮõĶװһȻȥ鿴˻Ԫڼɢ֪ѾûˡǼױҩϸժѡ
һд׵ָ൱İβΧǼľܣһһŲͲյ
βҲᣣϵıͷһӦȫ
ѶûʲôȤȰѲյˣһͷǰ
ˮʯͷ˫΢˵ȻֻⱻùˣҲҪҲ׼ҪȥԺ֣񣡡
һֱڵͷǵͷ
˵ãġ
ͷÿ󣬾ͷͷ棬Ȼѹһ顣
Ѷ飬Ȼֺĸо̲סڵ磬Ǳøҿе졣
һ㶡ؾĶô죿
죬ĶȴѾٵذõݸѡ
ѷǷƤ³һ΢

ûѾѸ˵벻ȻѦڼؾŪ˫޹ҲǺܴģ̸Լƶϣ㻹ǵðɣ֮ǰױҩ׵ıѦʵ־պþͶӦסʱȥǸؾҪ׺µ߿ԽؾܳʮˡȥǸֻؾ֮ĺܶﻹڲϵԪȹ˼ٴγֵʱƾ󾳽磡
Ĳ²һģôⱾ˫޹Ӧþֱָʥ̥ˡ
ˢˢط飬ڼ߶ǵǸѦؾĳ̽ʱֹǰǸǳǿŮӣͽԷĶһɨգϲľڶԷͷѰһ顭ĶˡҪؾɵľ粻ԣӦø뵽ġ͵ְҳϣҲܶԵϣСͺ϶
Ҳ˵ⱾǵԺѦ漴ʹؾҲû취Ȿκһˡ˶٣ѣʲô뷨ⱾҲһ
൱ˬ˵ɡ¶һ˿ͬ飬һ̫ùˣҲ֪ôġ
һ㶡
Ѵ米Լֱۼ䣬鷭翴
Ȼȥһ֮£ӲݶЩ
񡭡ǵ˫޹
ϧ˵ɲ𡣡

ѵĹֱӾʾѦõϲ񡢾Լҵ˿˳ȬķƶԼһԴһˡǣΪʲôôȷܾôεһΪⱾͻһأ
Ѻ翴һԭȻΪһʱԪϲˣһεĹûлͻˡ
ʱһΪõʹ͵߽ױҩĳ̶ȣܳɹش֣ͨܲסɡɾ߽ױҩҩֻܰˡ
ʱѦóǸһ
һֻҪţߣ͵űӡѦ򶯡
ڶԭǣ
һһѦͨ˫޸ԪָôѦͻһ׽ϣܲɷֵر鲼ÿһԪ򼸸£꣬һҪѦ˫ޣȡԪܼάԪƽ⣬һѦ׽ЩڵġԪҪ췴ˡ
ΪܳߣһҲάѦ֮Ĺϵ
µǣŹȷ˫޶岻٣һҲǿģ
һԼ˷ͿԿԼڵԪЧȡ»ָģǱѦ˫޵ģ
ѦȻ١һ˵ǿһԺ֮·

Ź޵˼һģ£Ĵݶǵ׵ĺŮӣжҵ˺Ҫθദ
ԷأĭʯתƣôٸŮ˫ޣһ˭Ҳ˭͵ͬһġƷʵ˫޹
ԷžḡģȻԼİ޷תƣôԼٽ֮˺ϻʱ˫ޣô֮˾Ҳ޷Լ
ݸ׵ĺʱ
ӿԾͽ⹦ͨĹԺҵİ֮˿֮˫ޡ
һ⡣
˹ֻŮ֮䣬ӺӻŮӺŮӣá

תۼ䣬Ѻ綼ʮס
̲סٴ˵һǸù


69 ɲ
, ˳˳
ȴ˵ûʲôϵͷһˡ
΢٣
Ҳûк
Ҳǣһ±Ͼûʲôϵ, ҪѦҪˮ֮䰮ģԭҲԼ¡
˳˵һȱ, Ǹˣܲڻ䵽ΪԺ̾ĵز
Ҳȱ㱻˶᲻˵, Ǹ
Ҳ, 
գգ, , ı
粻ݸ, һѹ

޵Ǻܿ, ˹˺һӣŶꡣ
, ǰ
ŽգҪôܳȥ
룬ȥš
һһֻ׷ףȥ
һ֮, žûʲôƵģֱӿˡ
米߳, Ÿ̤ȥ˲, ֺعϡ
̧ۿǰ, šüͷ
ҲɫᣬɨǰһȺˡ
ǵģһȺˡ
ԭʱ߶߸ϹϧеʵԶЩִʱ๬ĴѾȫؽˡ
Ҳ˺ֱײҪֱŪҲȥȴǶֵɲǣǴϾͱŷһɼΪǿ߰˵ɣ߱ŷ׵ֱӽֻ桢еȵȣ֮зʩġ
ۼ̽õĽˤϹͷ˵ȻͲɾôֲģǾۼ๬棬ء

޵ǰȻҲһߣǿ߳磬̰
ʶ˵ѣ§ҡ
Ӧһ
ţȡԼص춯һɿµɱ
ǰȺˣһȺˡ
м߱ɱѹ壬غһ̣ǾǱˮͷƵģ˲١
˵Ϣ֮뿪ˣҲ֡
ʱиԲ³ʲô߾ߣ
м̰ѵļһɨŲˡѴѼͷǶһСȦԪʯܳɶ仨״
Ҳ׷׸ͣ
־ͳ֣ôˣѵ㲻ɣ
һϣҲǸѣԬϴҲ
Ҳǣ
ոձɱļȴٺˣڴ˵ء
˵󣬿;Ѱ֮οұŸ˸ֲ֣ɵӣûôɣ
⼸ȥԸɣҪܾˣ٣

ۿЩ˵ķӦ鲻
˽Ҫˣȵ˵ţϣԼҲͬʱԴ档
ѱԼͬһ˲䣬ѾܶԷô£صȻնȥÿһʽޱȣԽԽ죬Щ߸塣
ȥߣǵı黹ڼ̰˷ϣȴһתΪȻȥ۾ղϡˮߣȻûк³ô쿳ģȻġԬϴ󡱺͡硱
ˮǳ侲
صصĹٶ־
紩ü죬ȥӲӲƾȰЩµĽŹյʱ䣬ֻʣԬϴһˡ
Ϊķɱʱ򣬾͸оԼǶ֣Ȼ򲻹ҲԸʱ¸Ԭϴ֣ҲǱŪܵˣ
ԬϴûĻ飬һͨ׷󣬲ŲȻûаˡ
ˣոձʮһɱ˸ƵģûдҶôô
ԬϴͫҲòЩֻ
һԾֱԬϴ
ԬϴҲһԾͻȻһ̣͵ؾӰˡˡ
һ̣ĵڵϣնһĵۣɢ˵ɷ
ҲЩԶ͵ŵġЩ˸סˡ

ûյŻڵѪص򹬵Ⱥȥ
ѵĺ󱳣Ӹոһֱڸ漡𶯣оͦ˼ġڲ̫ˣ̲ס¡
ɵǡ֪˼е磺

Ĺ඼رţÿ涼ΧһЩߣеĶе٣˻ûʱʱǻšͺñΧѺЩߣһԭֻ޵ģһǴӸĹתƹġ
ҾƬطĹʮ˴֮Ҳо룬ǵ˳˹ɱ£֪ԶҲܿһ
ͬģЩҲǸӲӣóȻ¸ΧܹŪ磬˭Լ˶˶Ҳ֡ô࣬ٵһȣѰˡ
ڶߵעУ米߳ȺȻҲʱ򣬽䴦һС߳һ˸Ůûòһ޸С
С˵ˣĸڵţڷֳҲֻŮһӦǺܺöԸģǾسŮΧȥ
ʱѿ˵ʦãһߡ
Ǳ߼߿
Ůһ˲Ĳ죬תúܿ죬ѸٷӦϲ˵λʦҲ⣿͹
˵䣬ŮŲ죬ͺļ׽ͬš
Χļ¶ɣôţɹ˼ʵ׻ͣ˽ŲΧɱŮ
ʾŮϡ
ŮҲϽ͸ȥ

߳Զһξ룬ڼ˫Ÿղŵ̬ȣֱǱи๬߳˴֮俪ʼɱʱ򣬲˸ȽƫƧĵطͣ
Ů¶һĨɫؿڣλôƺ
ſıϣ͸żģ˵òŻɣϳǺˣҶƵ۹ɣ˳һѶѡ
Ůһ㶡
Ѳûи˵ʲô˵仰ֱӱˡ
ŮЩţɶԷͷҲؾ뿪ܹŹ֡ѵ˵ԷǸɣ
ôڰȫҲٶ룬תͷһСȥ

ʵϣȻǸɡ
ȻѵȷΪǸɾˣϾ⹫ǶƵ۹ǣɶŮȴԵʡ
Ҳ֪Եɡ
öʣΪһɨŮʱѵѾˢ˺öȫ˵ˡ
[㿴Ǹ·磬ǲɵֺƺṆ̀ŽŵɫȹӣϹźŵĵƣŵĶ׹ͷѹúһɫģ]
[ô⣿ŲԶ]
[˹ˣͱ˵ù𣬸սһһһ̣]
[ˣûӹҵķϣһѡ]
[Ϳϲˡ]

̻ǺܴģܸʦáһϵûУǽѵһ˳ػסȺߡ
ԣҲغԼĴ뾫Ѫʹûܵش


70 
ѵ, ֺƵЩСаġΪϵġа˵ġҲжֺг޵ġ
̣ǸֺƵġ
ңֺưԺķʽ, ǳĶġ

Ǻ״ӣҲһĺѡ֮һǶƵ۹һȴţ书侭ֱָʥ̥ķţ˵˿ɵʦү⣬û˴ﵽʥ̥, ̰ҲǸܲ
ѡߡòɫҲᶨ, Ӵﵽͻ, Ա˿ͷ, ҲΪ, ʵǳ, ʮʱ, Ѿѡ˶ѷ
Ļһֱ, ȵ־Ϳȷݣתɹٵ񺣾ʱ֮λһȥɵĽǱޡ
ƫƫǳ⡣
̶ʮͷʱ, Ϊ˰صøӿĽŲߵøԶȻȴΪؾõﱻΧɱ, ʹ, Ҳ˾ѪĹ, ͬʱȣ
Ϊȹû취ټȥѰԴֻһȽƫƧĵطǱŬ
һӵдºԪıϴĥֵͨ뿪ؾûþͳ״֣ͨΪ־ߡ
ǣȱĴѪڶʱﲹ㣬㣬ڴֵͨʱضʹֱ⣬֮ǰĽҲ˾ϵϸˣǿֺͨ޷پܽһĳҪͻƣҲѾָȫ
ּĴҪָơ
ΪѾ˾磬ŵʦǶ֧ģʦͬ
߰ϹŴ⴫һλͨҽʣ񺣾߽ף̶жţ֪ĴжֵõҩƲ⡣
ʮϲ⴫ڱصá
봫ҪͨĿ飬ǸΪŮӣһŬ֮£˾ųɾŵˣֻʣһСߣһֱ£ҲĶ֡
ߣֺơ

ֺƸպҲԵɺ½봫п飬һŮӾȻܸ£ɵȤ
ĹؿֺҲͬ̽൱޶ˣǰûŮӣһת̲
ֺƺŵ룬ŮϲܻӭģֻҪˣѵܷ
Ҳ˷ʱ䣬뿴¶飬Ǻԥظҩϼ˫·˹ȥ
ڼ䣬ֺƻƤЦصϷ˵ħţеĵó˫ޣ㲻ң˫ޣһܶһôô
ԺֺΪظԼ·ȡ˴оˡ
̵ķŭֺƶ⣬ã£ѾŮˣȻҪݵġڲôԺǻᰮġ
ֺ֮Ʒ̿ʼ׷ɱԼ׷ɱϰˡǸԵ̵׷ɱһȤ
ֺƾǶƵĶỤ̄ÿӮ˶Ц䣬֪ΪѰҩˣһҩ
̰ҩˣֺƵ׷ɱûϡ
ֺƺΣ룬ܻ̿ϹȥˣôŮˣӦҪһģ͸ˣˣĻǻɡ
ʵƺֺ֤Ƶ뷨ûֺƵʵԽԽ̺ıˣ׷ɱҲôˣǻҪ̨ס
ֺĵİԸµȥٰ̣̰Ȱ˵Ҳ˳̨ˣΪֺƺԺһԱ
ˣ̿Ϊ׷ɱ꣬ӺȷİС˳ΪһĻᣬȫȫΪֺƵŮˡ
ֺƺܵ⣬Ҳܺã̺иԣҲŮк谮һ˸̲ٺôȥţҲǸлŸһɫ檵˼
̹Ȼжˣˡ

֮󣬾ͺֺƵôġ
ᴫеʱ˹ҩմմϲ̶׷ɱһʱϹȥĳ޺ȥ

ʱͬ׷ɱֺƣֺ̳Ƶԭ󣬶ֺƸֺƵ׷ɱҲ
̶ԶƵ۰ﻹǺصģĳϺ󣬻
ѵ֪Ҫҩ󣬵һЩ̶ҲǸм
ҲȻʱպõõֺƸҩȴˣûзá
ҲǴһμ棬ȷ̶ֺƵ֮һֺ޲ֺܽǧеķŭֺƲ⣿Խ׷ɱԽǱЦԽǳޡ
ٹһЩ꣬׷ɱֺƣȴΪֺƵС檡
ѵǲ֣ϾֺƵʱʵṇ̀Ҳǹ˵ʱŵǿߣΪţ̲òЭ
ȻȻֺƣȴӼûֺƵĺܶСһˣ磬⣬½ȥԴԼȴΪĺѡˡ˼ǣֺʱԽԽãŵѡ˵ʵȴڲٶȱǰˡ
ңֺһֱȥһˣһòŮӵġħšȴһֱΪԭֱҲûȥ
̴ͷβûжѲʹֺһѹȥҲû¹ӣûгֹ

ѻЩĶ̾˿
[ʱ߿ش£ӦþǸոճǻˡ]
[磬Ҳ̫ˣ󻹱ƣòɵίߣҲ֪öġ]
[ɵֺƱ⹫ţδػʵȥǸʴУҲûˣӦò䵽Ǹز˰ɡ]
С˵Ӧòˡʹ̻ȥᴫУֺҲȥˣߵҲȥܲٷֶֺ
΢΢ͷҲ
ϾŻǵ۹һҪɱɱ֮ģ⹫˻ܣô£ȴΡҲֺֻɵȣմմϲ
[иأȻЩòȻļһῴϺţŸʲôħţȻµĶŮӣҲó˫޹ǲ˫Ϊģ]
[ŵġ侭Ϊ֧Ĺǡ¾ֱָ񺣾еźĶֹԺ󲻳ף߲˫ޣͿһֱֹҪ˳˫޵ģڻתޡ¾ֱָͬ񺣾Ĺ˫ʱԱ˴˶кô]
[ǣŵѡȴǱ뱣ִ֮ģ־ʱתޡ¾ֱָʥ̥ǿ󹦷ʧܵĺѡתΪϣ˻֣һΪųֱһεͳϼΣҲǰһһǰȥǱޡ]
Ѻһ
[Ӳȥǰ;ɵȴûڸ˫ʱܵô̸ֻûת¾⣬̰ء]
[ΪʲôɵȶûȥţɫħеӰɡɵȻΪ̫ˣ]
[޴Դ]


71 ռѷ
ѱԹ鱧Թ, ֺǸʲôû˭ˣǽ̰ɣҲ̹˵㡣
ǣļ, ָұһ, ˵磬Ǳȥ
ҲֵѲǻֺƵ, ʹӦһ, 첽Ǹˡ

ļѺ绹Ǻؾˣ, ûʲôΣա˴ȴٽģ̸Σա
ѵõ˲ٶһ·ɱޡȡĵرЩ, кܶ෴ٺáж, ѿϵ, ͱòͬǬװ, սǸƷʼߵǬԽ
ͬʱؾʱԽԽܶҲ˴, ෢ִȻÿμ˶ɱ, Ҳ, ԶڼıȡԴѺ翴, ʮΡ
ֻˣǸǳ, ÿÿڼӽ֮ǰ, ѾԶԶܿˡ
, ؾһ¡
һ, ˶ܵؾų˵ͣʱѾ˾ͷӦҪ뿪ؾˡ
ſıϡ
綣ѣ壬ؾͳͺá
ѵȻ
Ҳͷģֻųȥˡ
һסˣѺ綼ûеֿܿ;ǰһѣΣؼԪ˵ĸоȻͬȴûвʵϡ
˵Աߣ˷ľѳһͷֺЩ߾͸½Ƶģ׷䡭ǷӦܿģڽһյɲǣѾ̤ն¡
绤ţֻʼĻһ£Ż²سΧǾͷԭǱֱ׵ؾĸ߿еġſΪؾ˶࣬ȫڵϿܷŲ¡ɣ
ô룬Ѿ̲סЦˡ

ԶĿУͣɴⶼǳԽϴģڸԶĵҲвСߣҲڵȺͬų
ۼôͻأس֣䣬ҲЩЦҲЩʵĻųضΣգǵͬϽȥæһѡ
ȫû˰æɢˡǾֻܿԼֶˡ
Ҳ˵ģؾƺҲʵԽߵ׵ԽߣûˤģҲͶϼͷѡ
Щˤ˵ĸɴŲĿմ뿪Ͼд˿ţɱ˶ᱦҪƻھ͸ߣǰ׸Դ
Ѧվһ𣬵ȺѺ硣
˳ֵɲǣȻҲˣſ米ϵģɵ΢΢¶һĨЦݡ
Ȼһ̣ͻȻмɼΪֱֲڳλ񺣾ǿߴˣҲ񺣾
ѦѸٳ֣ǹ˶ս
ͬܵ˹˵ʵѾӽ񺣾۷ˣҪʤһһʱҲѲЩѵİΣĿǰҲֻϣ⻯סˣÿЩֲźá
ǿߣҲ׷׸ϮԼ˽ս

ԭһ䣬ȴȻӰϮЩܿʮ񺣾ǿ߼ҽ֣˷磬ӿȵģ
Щܿкܶ໹ڿе߱ʱ˼Ѧȴ񺣾ǿ߻һЩ͵ϮЩ˼ڵЩǣιûܴѦˣµʽѹ£ˣʱѪɡ֫أ˼
ɲǼ䣬ľɢӣҽڶ
ĴѪкܶཹζ
񺣾ǿߵȫһԴݻأֻ䡢ڸ߿л๥˲٣һƬɽ֮ȥ
ڣҲвСɽʯСɽϡݻ١
ʵǣСЩӶǿֱǣƣҲһЩ־ףǿͼˣҲֻȹԼͱʵˣҪȵϵģҲǺѳ

ȻϣϣڲԼǡս಻̫Զ󣬾̶һѣ§㡣
ѹֱ۽§ס
򼸺ͬһ˲תΣټ·䣬Զ롰սķȥעԪµļѥһξ߳˺Զ
ҲΪߡ̫죬˵Ķ߷Х
ҿ練Ӧ죬ѥӵǲ롰սԽԽԶ
ѥ߽ף񺣾Ҳ߽ף˾˿죬ȴҲﲻ˲ߵĳ̶ȡ
߽ǿ֮ɱȻӼҡ
ЩϮУͻȻм¸ɱǿߣֱؾڣ
ǽؾ󣬾ͱŤУʾؾ̶ڣֻ޷ͨѡؾŵʱԽھͱԽСֱ߱׳ʱֻв߷Բˡ
ȥļ˲ҪؾȴǺȻӺ嵽֮ڣ¶һЦͺȻԱˡ
˶û뵽񺣾ǿߣȻô׾Ա
ҵĺ캳أؾڱôһը̮ˡ
ѦǱµ֮һ˿ͫȻѿڶãЩ˵ĿǴݻؾдɱҵӣ
ڱը󣬳ӿֲ߶ˣ©֮ٲһȱ񺣾ǿֵ߽ನˢҡ
µǣⱬըǣؾڵĴƬռ䣬ʹ÷Բǧ֮ڳռѷ죬һɭȻɲȻʮܼȴҲΣޱȣſǵġѪڡоռ籩Χˡ
ˣռѷϽǣ඼˽ȥѸڿռ籩бʳһѪˮ׵ǿߣֻҪӽͻأֵѷ죬Ҳͬ롭Ƿ籩ܻܲܻãֻܿԼˡ
ҵǣҲȥˣ֮£§ס硣籾ǿüѥߵģһʱѾʶתȥѡȻҲһ𣬱ռѷ֮С
˿̻񺣾ǿ߲ŷ𣬷鲻ϯķһֱûкѣҲͷȻı仯
һ˲鼫Ϊѿ
Ѧǿŭɶ뷨ƹռѷ죬׷׼ǿɱУԱǼλǿ߻ϧǿߺԶһѸٵɱЩϮߡ
ûЩѺʧĿռѷ죬ѷѾٸѷһλѾƶȥңҲضҲȷĵطˡ
ͬʱ񺣾ǿǿ󣬼ʹɱЩϮ߻ûһ䣬ֻƾűشĴۣ׷ˡ
Ѧ֮ˣֱǶ档
ɢ˻ˣǽյġûڿԶģų϶ʬʬûС
̫ˡ
ɵʿҲ

һεϮݵаڣеֶκǲ̣ʵŽܡаŵݵĻȨаʧܣֻ밵
ΪĥŵһЩǿսаץסؾֵĻᣬʥ̥ԪǿǣһԱռѷ졣ԪıϾ࣬һЩǿ񺣾һЩСӡ
Ų֪аڵײ˶ٵ̣Ҳû뵽Ǹɲ׵ؾѣȻᱻɻᣬλаǿ߸ԸԱ͸˴ʧ
ٹЩ꣬аǱˣǾҪɵǷսġ

һҪ£ǹεʱѦû˵ֻаϧаѹơ˵赭дҲûʱ䣬ȻҲô
Ѹ֪ؾʱᷢ£Ҳûз


72 Ƶ۷Ӧ
Ѻ, ǹķŭޱȡǶƵ۹ԶȻΪһܵըؾѦ, ô¡
Ѧܷͬŭ, Ҳˣ͵ǰȥ̽µϢȫټϸոЩ͵ϮʹֶҲϤû, Ҳ֪߾Щаڵˡ
ǳ, ҲѦѸٸȥ
ѦĿͷȥ, ͺջ, ֶһ㵣ǡȻĺѶƵۻΪǨŭڡɱ, Ƶ֮⽻, ֻ᧿Σˡû£л, Ҫǳˡ
ԭΪؾǸԵ, еӶЩԴ, Ѹٵ, û뵽
ѦΪһ֮, üȥ¡
ٶѴҲ뿸
, Ĵ¹·ܰæ

Ԧ˽ױ, ٶȸϻضƳǡ
ȻܲȥԻᱩŭĸ, ǱϾûֶ, ǱҪȥġ
붫Ƶ۵Ĵ󣬷µȥ
ƵԭѪԴ󲽶ɢһֲּѹ
һаڣҶԱ֣У·Źµ˼㣬ʢŭƹĵ죬̫
ƵôҲ벻ֻȥɢɢĶѣô͸جģ
ڷŭ;֮⣬Ƶ۵ҲǻôҲʧȥ磬ѸѹԼ飬ϸϸز鿴ԼľΪʥ̥رġ˳£ǻӦġոһֱûܵӰ죬һ鿴Ҳȫûʹ֮УɼļϵûΣա
ţƵִǬȡһСɵһѪ飬˿ѪԲģҲûаѺۡ
Ƶ˿˵ɣû¡
״Ҳ΢΢ɣӿֳһ˿ϲ
ȻǱȲ϶Ƶ۶ѵĹذģҲͦϲѣռѷȴûȣȻҲΡ
ڵ֪һлأͰˡ
Ƶ۲ٵһ£ŭһˡ
˵˷ʧְӦֲ
Ȼ˵ǣ̵ǿߣһͬݣѦȴϣаڳװ𣡡
Ƶ΢΢ͷЩ˵ȥɣԼЩһʧζ˵һΣѰͬȥ
һ٣ٴεͷ
ȷûֻԼȥΪаѾֵ񺣾ͻкüزĻ֪ж١Ϊ˱֤ͷȥ˻̫׼˽ȥҼֵܽýˡʱȷȻͿٶȸһЩˡ

ȷ뿪󣬼Խڴ׾϶ǽҲЩ١
СӺСҲ֪ںδˣ˵û֮ǣǹòãҲ˵ģ
Ƶ˵Խֵµ˶ȥټ˼⣬۹֮һңɿռѷߣ֪ʲôطȥ۹֮Ҳпܡֵ¶లЩˣɢȥӲͬȥѰңҲڸϢĵطûǵĴϸ֦ĩڣ
ԽҲôģӦǣ𡣡
Ƶ̾һ˵ȥɡ
Խ뿪²ٰ

ƵǺ˽ѵģ֪ڶעİΣڷûº󣬾͸ȷһֱԼ׼ķֶμˣû׷ͺڷˡѺܻ̣ضҲ糹װӦҲ֮ǡ
ֻǡ
Ƶ۱ȽϵģҪڿռѷ˱ֿˡǸСԼôأ

Ǵ½ڣ塣
ȽƫƧɽ·ϣмŵЩɨþߣһɽȥ
ǽɽԪݺֲģĻƸոæꡣ岻ˣֻÿһΣʱֻȥ
ƹɽңƳһ߽Զ͹ɽϣվһݵӰǣ̬Ȼɡ
ŵŲŵᣬߵԶС·ϣɽ¶ȥ
˺һξǲɴ⣬
һŵӵ˵ǺհҺû
һҲ˵ǰλͷϵıòһģǱòУ˼ġ
ʵжţڻ̲סС
λСʦ־žޣֺÿﶼǶģ£ˤˣڿ»ˡ
ֻǺһγħ֪ôģСʦ׹ˣеԭҲǻĪû֪
ԶԶԣǰʱһˡ
Ȼһ˵ô˵Сʦ֣ĴʦڳȥʱⷢһСʦֳúˣպʧȥ˼䣬԰װСʦֻˣҲοʧȥСʦֵʹģ


ľ ǵ 


73 ǰϹ
⻰һ, ŵӶˡ
²Ǹ۵Ķ۱һĻǼٻûйϵ
һ, һ˰ѹü͵˵ô˵, Ǿôϡ
еŵӶǵͷ
ٲ˵һ֣ͷҴɽȥ
УС

ɽ±ߣݵǰƺ, о⾰ɫе㵥
濴, ͻᷢʵһҲûݵĸоϸȳ, ЩŵԶԶһƳʱ⡣ʵɫ, , , ˶Եúܽһܽ, ŵ, ʲôϸ, һϵûС
Ȼ鵭, Ҳû˵ʵϡ
[ƺ, ôû裿]
[Ҳ̫ˡ]
[ϴŵһأûÿģǰѵ]
[Ҳ̫, ʲôͫ˭ȡֽС峺۾, ƤҪ, ˻]
[ʦʦҲŹŹֵֹ, ѵ̫ûˣǳϻ̳Ͽ֣]
ôŵʱꡪͫ
ͫתĲһ
[ˣʦˡ]
ͫޱؿˣʵʦʲô£
˸Ӹ࿡ݣûʲôǣͫǸӣ˸׽͸ϯӣʦ滪硣
ͫ
[ˣˡ]
[òʲô]
滪̾˵ͫûдˣôˣȥˡ
ͫƲ졣
[ϼҾ]
[ȵȣʦ֣Һ񲻸ô룿]
[ǲԣΪʲôҪʦֽС⡱]
̬ͫȷܣ滪̾˿
Ҳûж˵ʲôֻһ£˵ͫδҪ̽㣬ҲЩ׼
ͫһ㶣δ򣿡
滪ͷ˵ǽҵҾδĸ׸ʦ𽻺ãСʱΪңסһʱ䡣÷ȻͬΪӣһҪ޸Ҳܺãʦ¡ʧ١ҲţЩꡣ֪ˣˡ㡭Ǽһɡ
ͫ΢飬ſھҪܾ
Ȼ䣬ãԼиܺõδ򡭡
ǵߵĻȥͫһ˵ǾͼɣҶЩˣҲ̫ˣҼȻͬǵģ֮ǰʲôȥˣҿɵúúýѵѵ
滪磺ѵؼЦݣʦ˵öԡ
ͫڰ֣ȥй
滪磺á
ת滪̾

ǰ޳ͦü䣬аȡʱһ߹ɢһɰԵϢֻ˫Ѫ˿һۣʾ˿̾ƽ
ͫˣֹ̧סĽŲ̲סһ
ͣͣͣ߹ˡ
ͬʱͫĶš
[δһ޹ȥˣҲ̫ˣǰǸϹ𣿣]
[вУԺҪǸôӣⱲӶùˡ]
[ȲǰôϹİɣڸˣҾԲҪô۾δ]
ǵù˼½ҵӣͫûϣҪ˻ԳҲ
ͫţԼ۹ӦǲģȻνδ˲ŹҲûʲôʵ⣬ҪǳúÿأҲ飬Ժһ̾ˡȻ棬ŷԼǰԼĪϹۣǻʲôԥģ
˸ۺͫ˵ʧ֪Ķ԰ɣҶİǰʲôϵڶһߡ
Ҳţ漴һ˿ա
ͫûɫôֱ׵˵ûû飬ǰɣҺܸжǰһֱңҲжġġ˵⣬е㱻ĵǼּ˵꣬㶮ģûǿǵĻԼǾʹհɡ
[װɶشֵܣôûˣ͵ˣԼˡ]
[˵ʦ˵Ҽʮܾ꣬͡ûô]
[룬ô𣬾Լʮˣ]
ͫĻҵɫԽԽѿ۶дš㲻ʶ̧١
һҲû˵ҲûӦԼһˡ
ͫ
[ʲô˰ǣϹƣ]
ͫҲô⣬һֱŽٲ㣬Ҳûô
ֻ
ͫǲ⣬Ϊʲôǰޡ
û˼䣬ܲϲҲ˰ɣѵΪʮķ룬˸

뿪ֱӽɽǸ
滪վڶڣȻ
ŭ߹ȥ˵˵һͫˣ裬ֹ³ͫˣ
滪˶٣Цʱ·ߣ֪Ƿʲô£ֻʣµһʱü۸ͫƣ԰׵ģһӾ뵽ͫʱӡ֪ͫûסˣž͵ͫˣƭһƭԼҲá

滪˴Ժ󣬾ʦˡ
ͬ˼ԼСӣҲ滪һŻе꣬ǿ˵Ǹӡ
ʦͽȥڻǾֻǵ뿪ǵͫͫµʱǷ绪ïʮ꣬ڻԵ꣬Ҳʮ߰ꡪȻʵ𵱳ͫһ硣
ǻǾãͺǵĲһ·мļʮ¶ڡ
ǣ滪ϸչ꣬״ʦʦʦãҲͬ̽չ꣬Ҳã·˹
˶Ĭذ굱ο壬Ժ󣬾ͰҲ塣
Ժ󣬾Ȼʧȥ˼䡣
Īľ
ʦͽˣֱӸͫ
һͷ·Сʦܴû뿪һ

ǵĻΪԼǹͫʼӦϵ˶û뵽ǣѵͻԵ꣬Ͳͬһˣ
Ѻ൱ǿƣڡʦ𡱺ͬ͡šҪǴҲģǶôĵҪͫһ㣬ֻҪģô˭Ҳ˳ӡ
ǿ⣬껹ԣ滪籧ԹԼĶտɭ򵥣ǲĶˡʵǰͫأûǶ˼ˣҲûиı
ڲ̷ӣҲ⣬ǺܶλĲϸһһŮӵòҪӢƯ
ʦͽ΢ദͻᷢͫ󣬴Ǹ޷ƭĳ̶ȡжϳӦܾ˳谮ģֻǻʵͣڿԸȴѾͥ簮ˣ֮ԻڻĽҰ⣬Ҳܱ˿˳ۣ
ֻʱͫϢѾųȥˣܲԴ棬˵ϴ˰ɣ˵˽ҸҲʵ᲻źͫƵݡ
ʦͽǾ̵𽥸Ĺ𽥱ɸͫһ

滪署ȥ󣬻šüë̫ʹ졣
ⶼˣҪ˵ǰǰܻͫ𣿿̳ɣȻ˵Ȼ˻飿ҸͫĻ£Ҳ˵𣿣
滪Ҳü˵ȥ˵һ˵˶٣ͫԺͲҪˡֻڶʱ򣬻Ҫװһװӡ
ұ˱ۣ˵һǻġʱҲƽһЩϴԵİˣ˵ģʹֻҲһְοˡ
滪΢΢ͷͽ뿪
ߺ滪ɽ£ͼǰµɸһڿƣԱһһҸһ澶Ų㹩ãżһ飬ҪƲ첻ϲ
滪磺
ԽԽ񰡣
ɸÿһתͷ˵ʦʲô£
滪ʣֻ֪ΪʲôҪ˻أ
¶ɫ
滪Ҳܲ⡣
ն˵Ϊ󣡡
滪һ㶡
ʧżƣʦ֣ϹҪ޸ʱôҹڶ˼أڻҪ˻ô鷳˵䣬Ȼ¶һЩΣʦʦ˵һ˼ֱȥЭ˻òãҿԶһЩģ
滪磺˻£ͲҪˡ
ʧԥһһҪ
˵ٹžҪµӣʱȥÿ̷ӵܿ԰ɣ
滪磺
һʱ䣬Ȼ֪ɲˡ


74 
ͫԼĶ, ĬĬؿŽʮŵӡ
Щŵ̧ŴСȵӣȫѷڡͫǰһ߷, һڷֹصۡ
ʦ֣ҿĽ㣬ô벻, ô, ˵֮ǰʦˣġ
԰԰, ҲǸ, ЩǷĲ, ˵ʦЩˣȻصúòʦֵġ
ҵЩʦֵļλ״ʦʦ͵, Ҳʦ롭
, Ȼʦܳ谮
ȷʵȷʵ, ǾͲˣӷ, ʦ
˵, Щŵӷ׷˳ȥ
ҲϵˣȻû£ȴҲܶûĵӲͬ, ŵеλġ
ͨûʹǰæ, ҲΪ, ô뿪ЦƵĵšͫ˵
Щŵ߹Ժ, ͫ߹ȥ, һһ,
кüĻƽǼɣмذذ׵Ĳƥк˿ƷǶ׵ģҲףм׵ıһ˵ǽĽױһĴŵ׹ӣǱȽº֣̺ŨԪһԪ
ͫԼָϵǬ䣬˳˼
ڼЩʱĵһӦǡÿ١ǺܿոЩŵӵĻǵ֮⣬ȻЩѾǺܶࡢܹص
ͫһȡһӲӵɡ״
׵ı
ͫױɡⲻǬ൱۵һѣٿʮӡ˵ǺܷĲȻֵҲȲױɡһɡ
ٴ˼
ʦźܿ٣ʦ̫ˣ
˵ʵͫЩʮ䶫ģȻǵˣӡ
[ƽôռط˭Ҫ]
[ЩҲ̫ˣֲˣôظʲôƵ㻨أ]
[Ҳ̫ˣƷҲУĽ׵Ǹѿֵֻܵ־һʲôá]
[ЩӺѳԵģôҲŲԡ]
뵽⣬ͫǬֻǬűģͬ͵ͬǬȻŽǬﱣ档
[ˣôʦǵһ⣬Űɡ]

Ǭһֱڡָͫϵģƺûз֣ԡͫжϣӦǸƷ׺ܸߵĶ
Ķǳ࣬Ʒ׵ĶУҷǳϡͫԡͫҲ֪Щ϶ǰԼġֻһǺ񣬵ǳǳиУҲϲġ
һʵͫԼ嶼ԣˡ
ϾѾ֪Լҵʦ𲻹Ǹ׶ѡʦаʲô߽׵ıԼǸʲôǿԽʹ߽ױⴳºպǵ߽׵ıͫĽѵġ߽ױࡣ
ͫգգۡ
[֮ǰʧٵļʮĹúܺðûеҲǮš]
[ЩôĶˣеź]
[Լʵһ㣬ôöܶǱ˸ҵġǸ˭һϲңһǸƾҵģ]
[ôˣ]
[˵ʦǶҺܺãǺﲻԡ]

ţͫóһظ֡
ѣģģעⰲȫҪίԼһҵġ
ǡ֮ͫǰǬĶʱֵģ̧ͷġѡֺиУּҲϤ
ڡͫһϧдˣŻŽǬ
ּͫһ󣬱еŹ֡
֮ǰǸȳֱţڿԼҲͦġ
[ʧٵʮҺˡ]
[սҲôϲҵӡ]
[Ҳ飡]

º
µӵʱ򣬾ӦеߣܰֻһЩʺõġҲܴĲᡣ
ǳЩ⣬һЩǿӦгΪ̷ӵģЩȻǽȴԸڵӵߣԷָ©һЩöǲⱼô࣬һǵʵ㹻ˣҲ˵תΪŵӣͼš
Ϊ̷ӣǲġ
ÿ굽ʱⶼɽ˺
˶ץסôһ˿Ͻ
ΪֻҪץסˣԺ˵ǼǧԪ
ȵͷһʱʲôأ

Ⱥиθߴĵͣۿڵɽš
е⣬ҲҪڡ

ͣȻ硣
֮ǰռѷʵ̫ͻȻˣѱǿռ籩ǿңԼû˵Ųˡ
϶ŷǿӣҲһЩ֮ıЩռ籩ĥϵغǣвϵصѺܿιȥˣȻƾ־ιȥ֮ǰסҪѣȴҲѸٵʧȥʶ
ѹʱ緢Լ˵صһƬȴˡ
Χв޵ĺûҳɣٵȡǬ߽ױһ˿ȥȻֻˡ
ٴѹѾǺüԺ̷һЩ˵ıҩ鿴Ǭ
沢ûµܵģѸдѣϣѿԿ
Ȼûлظ
Ϊ֮ϵ֪ѻţû̫ǣʼûлס˼Ǳߵ׷ʲô¡Ѳظ˼ǱΪʲôԵʲ㣬Ҳûм෢ֽ
վûã羡ˣȻ뿪Ƭ֣ȥ̽Ϣ
֪ĿǰһƬǴ½ϡһ£񸽽û½ڶƵ۹桢˼ݵĺƺиȽϴĵ죬Сǵ
ţǴ½ǵˡ
һЩľڣΪиﵽ˰벽ʵĳ̶ȣᣬǱ޴󡭡ܸڱȼĻֻΪԵʣڵĵλ߶ѡ
⣬һЩҲӴ壬еĽҸڽá
ţְдûйǮĺ֮˳ûֻʲôմߵϢ
һͻȻ˵ĴʦһʧٶСʦܣλʦʧˣһֱơ
ɲǣһ
˵ǸʦܵʧΪ׹£·ǳû˿ǿжġһʦͻأſڻĽҰ⣬ʧ䣬ʱʱ࣬صҲĵطԶ
ãƺеɺϡ
Ϊһֱ̽ǮġԩͷԲϣ취ȥȿλǲѡ

ǱȽֶεģȻڵķϣҲȫ޷
˸ڸĹϤһΰͻĻᣬ͸ǹһȦԶԶءհСʦֵķɡҲ֮ǰ̽Ϣ˳͵ǡ±ϿƵһĨ羰
һȷˣѡ
ΪԶѵҲ֪ʧˣôǵ취Էȥ߳һ
Һãִܿڼ¡
ڳΪڵ¶ûȤеǳΪ̷ӣ취¸֮ǰʶĹǣȥ

ȴµǶʱҲûţץ˸ڹ֮ϵ˴֮ñȽϤǹ΢ЩԴΪļƻ£Ҳ֤ʹûΪڵӣҲԳΪ̷ӣҸȥȵȡʵرʾԼĽǹҲˡ
˺üֵ׼˳ȵµӡ
ȺʱʱһЩǵСϢӡ󼫲
˳ʧʲô߰ݣźǱܳ谮ƵģʵͶԲϣǱȥģҲ֪ûί
̫ϧˣʱѹûţòǱˡ
ɡ
ӵ뷨һ˲Ȼֹ
ΪڸոգһŰ¡ޱȵ꣬һȽص߳һվܹۿѡεӵġҰõĸ¥ǰ
ʶ߾Ĵʦ滪硣
˿̵滪Σ˼ΣŲһҲɹ̫ĵطȴǳǿƺޡ⣬Ų̫Ըûſǳ˿ǽ棬ͦεվˡ
磺
֮ǰе͹ˡ
ίĺλСӣ滪磿

µһ죬ͫһҪ滪һȥ
Ҫѡ̷ӣ֮ǰҾ͸ʦ˵ģǵ˵㻰ֱ׳˵˵ˣ˵۹ĲУÿ̷Լ˶Ŀģ߸ʲôأ
滪û취ֻܴӦ
⼸ˣһλƽʱҲ£ֻҪǶԷǸģǾͷǵհ첻ɡ
հĻԷͻֹʦǲ˵谮Ҳҵ𡱡ǲȴǳġ
ûκΣ滪絽׻Ǵšͫۿѡˡ
Ȼ
ͫǺѹѹͷɨȦ󣬺Ȼ۾һȺһָ˳˵Ҫ
ر࣬Щѡε˷׷׳߿
滪磺
˳šָͫȥ
Ƥֲɵ
ǸŴ󵶡ɷģ


75 Ҿϲ
ͫǸе, رá
滪ıе㽩Ӳ˵²ʺ̷֮ˣҲӢ
ͫѾĻ
Ҿϲģ
滪磺

ڡͫʱ, ڶӦеȿǷ֮ܿϳ˵ݣǳʵǿ״ӡ滪Ѿһʢ, ܶ˶֪
Ӧλֱһߵʱ, ˶̲סֿѡеλ
룬Ǹ˸һͲź˻ױҰӡ
ġ
˷׷ţȥҲа
һʱ, Ľʺޡ
, ȥ̷ӵ, ҲǴûᡣ
ϾЩŶһˣ
һҲ̫ˣ

ΧˡһֿͰ˶¶ˡ
һ, ݡ
֮ǰ񶼰, ѹĥô, ֱӱѵˣ
ͬʱΪ˴˵ľѾڰ֮, ϤҲһ˲䴫
[ð, Ϳˡ]
[˳ۣ]
[ˣҲٶҼˣ˻]
ʶԼӲסˡ
еܳ
˵, Ѿʧ, Ҳǿġɫ
Ȼ, Ϥ곯˹ָ
˵
˶, ˹ȥ
Ⱥ׷׸·, עҲǰϡ

ͫ߸ƶ, Ƽ˳۵һֱߵ˸¥ǰ̲ס¶õЦ
滪翴ܳСʦϵЦݣһϲµġ
̷ӣʵǣʵǡ
滪籾ֹܵʦܣס
ͫ˸ۣͷطˣʲô׵ģʦͱˣҾһ˰ɣҪǲѡҿɾҪѡ߰ʮҶȥźҡ
[ʦˣͷȥһܹܵң]
[¶ġ]
滪类ҭסˡ
Ȼദʱ䲻Ҳ֪ʦɵó¶
滪ֻЭǾһ
̵ͫü˵Ҿ֪ʦֻҵġ
滪
˳˳׼ͫ˵ֱӰ˴ȥͱˡ
ûڣͷ֡ͫѾ˱ϣͷѡе˵
ͫ߸˵кǱߵģ
һ٣⻰ö졪ŶǳʱѶ˵ĵһ仰
΢Ҳʱһ̧ۿȥڵң
ͫ²üЦģرɰ
ߴţϽģ
߹ȥ
ͫüۣǷӦƵģ¶ֵı飬ʵ԰ɣ
ţʻȻǸǳʱһģһ
ǲǿԽˡ𽥻ѵļ䣿
ҲظԼĻش𣺡ǡ
ͫһȻҲû䣬ֱԷʣʲôز
΢΢ͣ˵öԪҡ

һ̵ĶԴ̫Ȼˣͫһ˲Ļ㱡
֪ôģոյ龰еϤ
Ϥû̫ͣãͫ˼ڡѺ̷Ӵȥϡ
ĻҲڸǰͬˡ
ͫ˵Ժ͸Ұɡ
Ҳϻش𣺡á
ͫ֡
ˣһͫԡ
ͫǳ˳ӣЦøˡ
ֺڵؿʼ̸
ʲô֣
ҽ硣
һһźĴġ
лӡ

ˣǱߵ滪ü鷳
ѼʦܴŲ£ľͲϵرĥܶΣǿķϣ͡
ÿÿ²ȥ֡
ʦʦʦҲһ߿һϣʦܸı䣬ʦһ¾Ѽʦֻܽ˼ͫʦܵʱһۡ
滪ص̬ˣЩѾͫҭˣոջҭסͫͫĸ̬ҲеϰˣɡͫҲ̣Ҳ쵽ˡ
Ȼһ˲ͫͣĽţͻȻʲôƵģתͷ˵ʦ֣׼ŰȥˣҪһ𣿡
滪ŭ𱻴ϣٴζ
ˡ
˱ۺ滪粻֪ڼεذסƽ˵á
缸ɲض˶ü
˿̣ɨһ滪Ǳݣѵо΢
[ʦں˼ˣÿζԼôˣαأ]
[ˣӲ̫ðɡ]
[Ҳ̫˷ʱˣ߲߰Ҵˣ]
Ȼͫߴʦ֣ȥˣ㡣
ûˣŵķȥ
滪翴ָ̹ɴĲӣҲֻܸϡ
ﻹǺȴ֪ʲôôŽ⡣

ȥ·ϣͫҲͫ໰߶߶һֱ˵ҲҪõ滪Ļش
ʣʦ֣ӦǶţ
滪磺ʵ̷ӷһ
̷ͨӵʵߣҲǿˡΪ˲ɵѵߣѡһöϢԼľ磬ԼΪʮĿǸһ
ͫ˵֮סҾͲҪˣʦǴ߰ɡ
滪磺̷𣿡
ͫ˵˵ǳòÿ»ģ߸ʲôԩͷ𣿡
滪Ȱ˵ٿǿǡ
ͫڶδĻ˵£ʦ㲻𣿡
滪磺úͷֻۣ̣ܴӦãҰ˴ߡ
һ·ص塣
ӲҲ΢΢ɻ
ɹúڡͷˡ

滪ڴܡͫϲ̷Ӻ󣬼Ȳ뿪ˡ
ͫҲȫ滪ߵʱŸֺ˼롢
[ݵһλʦܣʦֵëҵðݡ]
磺
ѡ

ֻ߶һ䣬ž˲滪׵Ժˡ
˳󣬰ԼĶ
ҪȥʱŲ˶٣Ȼеڡ̫ˣԵӣ᲻
ͷѻǴ߽ȥˡ
磬ڿ嶴龰ʱ˳

˶סڿɽģĲո˵ϲá
ԭͫСͰ£ԸȽ϶ܴһ˼ϵģԱȽϲصĻҲĲö
ѱųΪͫ󣬵ͦ¸һĵģֻʦĶƷ಻ߡɫѿҲϲáҪýĶðɣֲ̫ûó
ǸɢˣȻԼ׼뷨ֲϲ̷ӣǰ²ģ밲ȥ¡
ǣⶴͻԭ
յ塣

Ǹ¶޹˵ߣĶ˵ܺˡԼû⣬ȴѲӦסĵطסˣҲô䣬һҲʡ
ȻѾͰ޵ʯָŴʯ˵ǰûôʰͦªģҪסһģҲɴһ˯ɡ
һ㶡
͡һ˯ˣ
ѺеŤ˵ʯ̫鷳ˣ˵ˣҲⴲ˯
ſʯ
֮ǰˣǲ̫Լġ
ʯܴҲӲ˿źëƤȫʵġֻҪѰԼҽȥһֱëƤޱȡ
ҡ
ëƤµ϶ԻšţΨһ㣬Ȼ֮ǰ͸ѵƤ
磺á
ѶʱЦˣңء
߸˵˵磬ȥ֣װλҲö


76 
Ѵݵش뿪, ȥˡ
ʱɽ⻹յӡмʲôģûϵɽĹ¸һֻ, ͸ϣӿз˳ȥ
ڵӸһѻ, Ҳôۡ
Ϊʱ䶼ûжɽ, ϵҲû̫ĴڡΪ˵滪ԼĶŬټȥ̷Ҳˡһʱ, ߶˶ûС
һжġ
֮ǰ, Ȼǹ, ǵı¶սֻа벽ʣ˵˻Ǹ־ô»Ǳصǿ, Ҳǳ񺣾ѡǵʵķ, ﻹҪð벽أ
´ŵļѥ, ֻҪȫԸ񺣾, ֻάֵʱ䲻ѡʱ, ɡʡˡѸصġ⵽ѵǬ仹ָϣôҲ, ˽׵⻯㹻̤ƽǵ, οֻǱѵİȫֻҪԼϺȾˡ
Ȼȫ, ôȻС
, ͬ

, ҡ, ׼ȥ
ҿӲ̫ϲڵĴţʮô
һˣ˵˵۹⣬֪ȱôʮѣ˵䣬ŲһգѾ߽ĳ̡
ﶼòŮдλ˽΢Цӭ
Ҳϻֱָ㣺ǼǼǼĿһɨȱử˸ߵһϵУҳߴĶҪ
Ůʱԥؾȥѣˡ
ں˵˰ɡ
ŮովˣϽ˵һʮ˽ʮĨͷ
Ļû˵꣬ѾֱӸһöԪҹȥڵòʣµľͰɡ
Ůӵɴ󣬵׻Ǿ鲻̫㣬һʱ侹Ȼе˵
ʱԱߵƹЦعϸعά˺һѻͦĵġ
λŮָ΢ذѶ͹
һӣսǬ
Աߵƹ˵ոЩǸɣƷʻãӻҪٶƼҪģɫңǶɫƷʵԪʯƣͼ͵ȥҪǿʽʣӸ㶨ٻϸ
ԣǳҪˣƹһвӦģ̬ȸˡ
Ѻ¶Ц
ҲЦ⡣
ַԸƹӣһָ磬˵ҲףҪɫҪϸϣϺͰõġ
ƹټһ⣬Ӧ
ȻѴ߳ȥ
˵лӡ
һ

ΪѾѸˣͿԴֱҵС
ʲôðʲôﶼԴ롣
ֻҪǮλʲô㣿
һԪңȻѸٱ뵽˹ͷһ߷Ʒͼᣬһָָ㣬ҪĶһ
̼ҾϲˬۼѵȷȱǮּ󷽣ȻͰõĺƷڳͷҲûкұۣǽҲ൱졣
ѳҪĶƷࡢһʱ⣬ͬƷѹûôźõģȫҪˡ
ѻ̧̧°ͣʾ⡣
⣬̶̼˵ǹӻҪһЩ֮ոյǵ񻨴Ȼ£Ƕ鱦ƷײҪõġϵͼͨҪõ˿Ľ׻˿Ľ̺ϵĲ˿Ʒ׽ϸߣĵͨԵâĽס׵ĵһ
ҡӣ൱⡣
[ˣҪĶİ]
[ҿ̫ϲˣ]
еĻɲͣһ˲Ѹټȥûע⡣
ԭԵ͵ȴҲ΢΢һ㡣

һʱ̼ҹذѺͳš
ѵǬֶ˲

ôʱ䣬ģûģǶõġ
ѲôڣҲ֪Ҫȥġ
磬Ҹط÷ŵظ¥ƣ˵˵ľ⼸ңӾΣ
룬Ҳа
˵ȥ¥
ЦЦߡ
ѵͷ

ֱ¥¥ż䣬Ұܺãûʲô˴š
ֱӵƲˣҪһӸɫȡ
ѵָʾ£ԱߣѳһھͲ˵Щһɨա
Ѹоܺá
翴ãҲоܺá
Сʱ˳Եòˡ
ڴǣͻȻ䣬¥ƮһӰǡƳС
ѡסһȻס졣
һҲѹʣӣôˣ
ʱûش𣬶ǸϽߵǰӰƮĵطȥ
Ҳ̸˹ȥ
ڴڣһаȿߣڶӿڶסһꡣ
е㾪ȣ̲סץסСۣ˵ۣҪǿ
һ١ңǸͫδ
磬һԪҷϽˣȻС˵ǹȥɡ
ӦţץסԼĸ첲ƵĴڳȥܵӰȻӵǡ
ýˣպýҲҪ˿̳ҲģһЩӰ
óŷһš⣬ǿֱӿ׵龰ģҲ

ҵ˫۳ǽϣ˫֮䣬ͺŵͯΪʲô̧ͷңΪʲôҪң
̧ͷỨһǾǿı顣
ӣ㲻ùҵģѾ뿪ˡŰˣ֪Ϊҵ֡ҵĳ඼չƣߣҵѰǰչӵĺۼǣݱ΢ʵҲ΢ͲչˡӣͷŹҰɣ
չӳָģ㰮ŵһֱչӣ֮䣬ǲ˴ŵġӣչӻҸģһһڽĬĬΪף


77 ץ
ѡ˻һ, ٵĦԼĸ첲пԭãǽǿȡᰡ
ͬʱȴǡ
[̫, ⼦Ƥ]
΢, Ҳое񺮡
촽΢üʣô죿
¶²ı, ĵ˵ٿһ~~
磺
ð, ҲǺ֮⡣
һ, 龰

¶һ飬˫ִӳǽͯ, ͳֲֿʲôףǸʹӶѣҲףңȷȲͫ, ҰŵҲԶͫ, 㻹еôζˣ, Ķȥ
ͯ΢΢زţӲ, ҧ´, ȴһ仰Ҳ˵
Ȼȭͷǽŭһ㡪
ͯƺȭͷɪһ£˫۽, ƺطš
ҿͯƺһ˿ڡ
ͯ, ǳ΢ҵȷǸʹ, ʹҲиġ㲻ϲҡ
Цһ, ͯ°ͣһڿȥ˫ɺѪ˿֮佻ˮ
ҾҪ㣡һҪ㣬뿪ң뿪ң

գգۣ˵ǿȡˣҪҪһѡ
Ȼһ˲ͷͯ˫̧ס˽ҵ
ѣ
[Ҳˡ]
еΣҲѻǸͯҪˣⲻԵڹҪܾˣ˵·ʽġ
ҪҪ˵ʲôһѵ
[ðǲڸҴñˣеȥԼ黹˻飬˵һԸ˻أû뵽ȸҴˡͥھסŶֻܶϣ˯˰ɡ]
[⻹˻飬ʲôأ]
[вˣ]
[··ȥˣ˻۾۾]
[ͯŤˣڳ·ˣҪôɣⲻܹ]

ۿǶҪ½ˣ˶ˡ
Ǵͥڰ̶ѣܶ˶ƳģҪٱƵûҲ޹Ⱑ
ѳ̫·ڳʱȻȥһ
ֻá䡱һ󷨳ױݻ٣˾ҵ졣
һ죬ˣҲ˽ֵϵˡ
ڶ˶ûôע۵ӣһĶȻͷ׷׽ͶȥкЩ˹
ѴһȻԾ˵ң㾹ұңҪ˻飡
һĽҺͯ
ĬһԵ磺
պγΧ۵ڶ·ˣ
һʱ䣬ܰ
ⰲҲֻɲǣܿϳˣϾλǽҵֺܽᣬƽʱҲǵǺġû뵽ǣȻῴһԻڴؾһ˫Ǻ׵ġλǺܳ𣿲ǵСʦּʮλСʦָջʧ˵ļʱ̣ôôطһ£
ֲɵӣһ״̬֪ҪǸոǸ䣬һֱǲţԭôҰԡ𣿿벻
ͬʱ˵ȻҲӦͻȻĳҪ˻˭ӦþСʦˣ̵Ĳкûݵ߳ĵĵزոյӦþΪⱻƻɡ
˭ƻģ
û˵ס
⻹˭

Ҵû뵽Լ䵽زšͫŵʱͺ޲óȥɱңڸո鲻ԽĶҲһᷳ
ͯӵסǸ
ҵĴ
Ҽģŭ𷴶˲١
ҲǣƻǱķǡͫһﾹȻǰҫȻҸ˻飡
ҵҪǳ⡣
ȻֱͫӰĻϣЦʮ겻鵭ҲԸڴ϶ȲѳԼʲô˻㲻ϣڸҴñӣֲлҵɾһ֣ԵᵶԼһ൱ؼ˵Ҳ˱ˣ̸˻¶ءھ͸Ͻ˰ɣӴԺҸģҪδҲø㻳Ǹ˫˫ܡ
һɨ̷ƣֱЦˣŭ˵ôʹӡ
Ļû˵ֱ꣬ͫˡ
ڳô˶ץ˵ģǻҪ͸ϽӦҪȻһʮ壡
˵⣬ͫһѳᵶֱͣһڡ
ˣ
ԴӲԼ
ҡ
[ѽ嶯˳嶯ˡ]
[֪ôģû㿪һҲϲң]
оԼ΢΢е㷢̡
룺ϲҡ
룺ϲ

ҵˡ
֪˲ͫǶѾôˣ֮ǰˣܲ˵ֲˡȴ˴桪Ⱥ˶ʲôĴ鷳
ͯСŽҵ½ǣϸ򸣺ӣҵĴһʱ飬ԲסչӣӰǣ˵㡭
ͫҲͯĻܲͷɲʲô¶Ҳûʲôϵһȥ
ͯһҭ
ôô͸ûϵˣСʦ֣Ϊ΢ô
ŭȵͫ㲻ҪΪ
ͫͬһϾǸϲӬƵĻ֣˵浱ڸأ㶼ɳ˵˻Ҳ֪ͨһԱô˼֤ӴԺҸûϵҵδ򡣡˵䣬ͻȻʲôתͷʵ磬Ըİɣ
˿һϷڲŸСʦ֮ǰҲûʹԱߵĵ͡ôҪǵ;ܾҲ
֪ͫôģ;粻ܾԼԼģǰιʲô棬еϤǿġ
Ҳһ㶣ӦҪЦͫ
û뵽·Ҳû뵽ǡ
Ȼԥ˵ȻԸ⡣ͬʱشӲһϢ壬Ǭ䣬ֿе˵ĳĽѾãΪܸӸӽóȻʵһҪ̷ڹҡɹӴĳҲԸ빫ӲҪ֡
һ̣ѹȻɢһɷǳȵɷϯ·ǶɵúһͣƺЩϢĸо
ϸһԭͲʵﵽҲŶʮѣǽҵ֮ӡңѾʮˣΪҲǰ¡ĽѾƵϺܿ죬ǸͲ̫Զˡ
ʱ䣬ǽȲ˳Ϻģ·Ҳ̲סһ˿ͬ顣
һӣǳ챻ץ˻顢δ˵ҪȻ滻δ򣬻Ļǲ̷ӣ̷ڴӦұʾǽѾãҡһںü
˼Ҿ簡

ȴ
[ĻҲеϤ]


78 򽪳һ
·ͬ, ĽұǾͼֱҪˡְߵͯƿһųֱ繥ȥ
зڽɲҲͬʱ, ȴ̻, ְ𣬱ܿͬʱ, ȡһתĳ, ֽһ, ͵˽ֱ·Ǻ󷽵һεĵط
ڵʯ֮䷢ķӦ̫, ڽҼ׷֮ǰһУѰȫԺ, ƺҲͳװ, Ȼһն򽪳ң
ұǳƵģһ̫, ֻƶԿ¾ͻᱻصˡҲòŲ, ˲һ˴ǹ, صƹҽ

˵Ľս̫ͻȻˣЩûӦǴǹش, ʹ֮ǱΪȶһǣΧ·ܿٷӦ, ʱض㿪
ͯƿʱ, ˺ü, Һýǳǰû˵ǽҺϾͽΧһƬǵսͯҲս֮ڡǸպм·ִһѣƾԼҲҪЩˡ
ͯͬǣǱǸһ֣ҲҪѡͫ͵ȫġᱻĵط
˿̵ͯǱҪ·˵һɡͫȴȵվţϻһԱۡ벻ף
˴ӸõĴδҲ̫Щ
ЩܿսҲȽϰȫϷ·ˣ˿̷ȻͬĴˣ顢鶼ɵЩ΢
Щ˻СսüңҲ˵ʲô
˵ˣҶ˵ʱ򣬽ܰôأ
ѹСʦҪѡˣһ桮ҰʳһڸʱȻҪѡߡ
ԱǸҲ̫ˣҪǸոһѣͱȥˡǵʵȥܺ𣿽Ҳôġ
ҪƴӣСʦֲ氮ɣϲ͵ȣԼ˼СʦִñӴøˣСʦ뻻ܲˡ
СʦָɵúãҶˣҲпɽ˭ҪñӣҲǲὫıģܲˣѵСʦ־ܵˣҿСʦͷֽˣʧ䣬ǰĸɲû𣿱ֻΣⲻ˻Ļˣ
ˣȷǸ֮ӣҲھϴ϶ˡҿӵʵȽǿ
ͯ긦һ۰ȵġͫ˱Լĸ첲Щ䡣
ֻǡ
һҧ
ˣҶͫץˡǣ˵ӣѾûһˡĻᣬץסС

ٿǡսϣͽգۼͽʮغϣΧɳ𣬼ƿϺನмĳ
ӰǼ죬쵽ֻܿӰ
·ۻңԷֱ˴ĸȡĸں
˵ĽսԽԽңԽԽѾǵڶˣѾԳƵɱƺҪѶԷ
Խ·ҲԿռϷ硣
յʱԺԽսԽ£صϵغǸ˴ǹ˫ۼÿһγжɱҳʱӦԣֱȴڲϵسнص𽥷飬ҲΪϵؽ뵶ƺ󣬱÷·ˮ˷޾ϮѣŲʱ򣬶Īѡ
ԽԽԽԽ졣
˶Կ˵ĽսˣΧĻҲƻţһЩ̲õġƷ׽ϵ͵󷨶ˣЩȽϴ̵ķ󷨺Ǹ߼ҲĳУٵĻ⻪ڷתס
ͻȻ䣬Աһɤ
磬ɣ
·ˢˢתͷͿǰº۵ȭͷ
·Ƽԭֵ磬˿üȻ΢΢ͣΪһˡһ˿
ȴø׺ˡ
ͬˡͫһʱŭͷŭƵģǹϱ鲼Ԫ
̫̫
ȻѾ߸ߵصǻΪһ϶£ѹ
صɽס
һк½ҼصֵҲ˸ո۳ŭƣȫȴɵסֻáϡһǹѡ
˴ǹǹױݻ٣ǹͷҲڵϡ
ҵĴǹֺԼҲΪԳĵغˡ龰Ȼǰͯмˡ
ͬʱ罫صתõȻն򽪳ң
˿̵Ľ޷ܣͱ⵶䣬Ȼɿ쵹ˣȻײһеǽϣֻڵϡ

ң̫ˡ
Թ۵·ǣ֪ǵڼͬ齪ҡ
Ǵ˸ҰʳѣԼ䵽ҵľء
ԣڽһû֧֮ǰԹ۵·ˣұΪۺ⣬ͳͳܵˡ
ôõЦѾˣٲܣűǨŭ𣿣
·ˣͯ͹ر¶
һᣬ첽سŽȥˮسͣ˵ʲôǴһҲ˵ֻǿޣ۵ؿޣ
ۣܵľȫľʹһϸӰǿءȫҪ֧ӡ
ʱͻȻСʱƣʱҲһˣŬط
ǡͫ
۾ϸӰ
ϳͯ
ˣͫѾˣͯת
ע֪ʥ̥ϣ򲻴ת

ûаŭйͯϣͯһذ
׺ݵؿŶ档
Ǹ޵ġڿһҲͫ꣬QԣţĲһڡ
ҵɫࡣ
һأֻҧгݵ˵һ仰
ãõúܣǵƣ
Ȼ󣬽ͷҲصأͯţǵ뿪

ߣǲõЦ
֣ص˵Ұˡ
գգۣڽһڣ佱ɵúã
ʱǱ߷źݻĽң˲û⡣
类һˣⶼǵڶˣѵѵϲ
ѵڻشƵģһ̾
[ϲ]
[ܵʱرÿ]
[ҳˣҺϲ]
˶٣ϷȣҲЩȡ
Ҳϲѡ
˶һе㲻˼ƿߣЦøˣסֵ֣˵ǻȥɣ
ÿһһʵʵشӦţá

Ϊҵڽֵϸ˴ֵʱû˸ġԺϢѩƬƵģѸٵƮ˸Ҹ
Ϊڵص壬ȻҲɿصõϢ
滪õԼ̷ǰ󣬶̲סһ顣
ֱͫӴ̷ӳȥˣȥˣǳôǲҸƷ˼˶ѣôôˣǸңڿֿСʦܣڽϸ˺㣿
滪һȻͳšͫĶȥ


79 
ߵĽų̺ܿ, 滪ˡͫĶ⡣
ﱾǸ徲ĵطǴ˿ȴֵú, ָʹĺզզ, Ӷص⡣
滪վڶ, ׵ؿ龰
ֻһһµֳȣһҡһָָ, £
, ӷŵұ, ߣ
, ˣǰѹӷʯ齵߰, ȵ, ҲУٻ
ұ߿һ磡粻̫, һҲÿٻ֮ǰôûַͼ覴ãǾֻܻȸˣУɡ
ƿԶԣ
ϰڵӡ
ָ, θߴᵶ;ȻһҲӷ, ҷţô˵, ͬһط߰˴, ֻҪ겻˵һ, ͶԥһΡ
滪ܲˣ⵶͵ʵȷ֮ǰܵĿϢǳۻ룬΢̽ͿɷּԨ纣Ҳ֮ܶӣƽû⵶һɲġ
ˣȻΪĽһѾã͸Ը̷ӵݽţ
滪绳ɣڵĿĲ˵ǱġȻĻĽ콾ôԹͫʹ

ôɣ滪ҲûԼĿģüͷԡͫʦܣ̫ˣ뽪ã˵Щ󣬵ֻҪǣѵʦ𲻻Ϊ򲻸ڴϾ˻飬˽ҵ治˵ҵҲˣһұض϶ռϷ£һ٣Ū÷Ƿ˽һʣ
΢΢Ŀŵذѵ
ͬʱԼһ˿ŭ
ͽʲôҶѴʴʣ
ʶģĵ滪УҲ͸һĨɱ
滪ͷϣûɱ⡣
·ˡ
Ѻܲطѵô򽪼ҵڽϾ˺Ҵñӣôˮģɼ֪ɹٴˣҲ֪˿ͶˣѵڴץβͣڽҴȥŰ
滪类ˮʶҭһ£˵ҵĹϵ
ֱӴϣ˵ʦֻ˼ҹϵҿûģ߼
滪üͷ壬Ҫ˵⻰Щˡ
ٴδϣҲüͷ˵ʦ֣岻ôûйνǣȴţǻذһͷ𣿽Ҹ͵ȣ͸ô򣬴򶼴ˣ͸һֱܵסҪǻҲҪع𣬾͸ٴȥûʲô
滪ٴſڣҪԴ֡Ϊء
Ծɴϲ˵Ҹ򲻹磬Գһ콾ʦ㲻֪ߵʱ򻹴ͷأû˿˸ҵδתͷҾ˰ǿٱģǽҵɫÿˡ
滪缸ζ˻ͷɫˡ
ͫĻ̫ˣʱʱܴģʵǲ岻ȥͷ
ֱͫ˵һ󴮺滪˵֮λ̫ˡͽ֮Ȩ⣬Ϊ˾ˣҲˣˣȽŵʱͫ㻹ҪȥǸһ̨ס
ƲƲҲŲǸ
滪ŭȵͫ
Ѻһͷ˵ʦ֣㲻˵¶۰ҵôȥץ飬ҪȥǼǸ˵ˣұǸҪǽҲҪ̨ףǺܶʱҿ϶Ҫȥѽٴһٵģʦɱҡ
滪磺
仰仰
ڷǳڣΪʲôҪһԻ󣿣ڸﻢ£ΪģǸν콾ֻҪǳˣ
滪һ䣬ûһ仰תˡ
û취ˣʦ°ɣ磬̽ԷĿģʦ̽ġ
ڽҡ
ʦ˵

滪ߺѷ˸ۡ
ѵĺ󱳣˵Ӳض
˵ŶҵҲû
һ㶡
ѿϣץһͷ档
ͬʱ˵Ҳ֪ô£뿪ʦ̫˰ɣʦ˵ǰһȹʱûо֣ڸʦദһûÿ֡
羲ţʱȻڣһȺİˣûʵУֻȺֵֹģ԰ɣ
Ҳһ㶡
磬ô֪ʲôƵ˵һֶ
óһ̣˶
Ȼ̹׵ΪŶɴ˫ۣ˵˵Ǿ仰δͲǽңҡ
ѣ
ɣæҪ䣺㲻ţҿó֤ݡ
ȴѾѿڶѹһرϲ̾սĴñӣ
ĻȻֹ
ദѾЩʱˣ׼뷨֮⡣
ѾȻɵؾĻ
˫ֱȻߴߴ
˵ΪҶģǲҺܾãʵûϵǰɣΪʧˣƭңŪҴǸͫԲԣҲܾǺ֣ǻԼǲǱ飬ǰʦŶûʲôƵġ
ǰͲϹûϹǸȡҾ˵ô·߾ܷһȫϵˣҾ˵ôһ飬ǰǾһԶ
ǰǸǮˣѹܾǸȷͷǬĺöȴô࣬ΪҳȥʮԼܵôԴءһʦŵûаѶóҫҲſԼܵô࣬ǲǰиرõ˳͸ҵģ
Ⱥǲ⣬ҾʧѣӻԼҵǳòÿûͦҿǶԽԽͷһͫܶɣǰѷųȥ˻ңʱҲ˵ĹҪ˵ǸͫҲǵѪùˣʮ꣬ʦδһҴƷײİ嶼Ҫѹס˰ɡ
ҪŶʮ꣬ҸҪɻҿ϶ҲϣҸûʮֻ꣬ʮ߰ԲԣϾһûʮģ
˵ˡ磬˵ˡ
е㷢¡
ѵĸпⶼܶ࣬Щеת˺üȦֻʣһͷѾü˵ϲˣüΡ
絽ǸӣǿеѹסǴϲãʼϸѵ⡣
Ȼһش𣺡ûܾãܿʹϢǵģƭ㡣㲻飬׵ĸǳá㲻Ϲ
ţüģֹ̧Ļ㱵˵磬ҺãǰҸ֮䣬кƵ龰
һĻʵʵ˵ǰδʱҲʹҺܶࡣ
ѳɵʣҲһÿⰤػشң
ͷ
̲סЦˣһϲ


80 ҹ̸
еȻ, ɺʵ˵һҵĻشЦòϹȥ΢˶٣Ұȥġ
ѵЦһ
[Ρ]
[, ֻҪҲֳ, ͵βڣ]
΢΢͡
, Ҳʱһ
Ȼʲôʱ, ûм, û
һ, ˸, ˵ô, ұʲô֣
ش𣺡ѡ
ü, ˵˵ҵֹȻܶ࣬оҲǹֵֹ֡˵Ȼ뵽ʲôǬȡһ, ֮ǰŵģҾ˵ϵôдšѡأҵ֡һ¹ǲҵĻֻϲдˣղ˵ڿʵдĶ԰ɣҺúղڽΪǸܺá
ԥһ£ǳʵ˵Ƿֿ, һֱûյϢ, дô͵ǬġǬôǶԽ, ͸ҵġ
°, ЦҹȻϲ㡣
, ڽ﷭һ飬ֱҵһСϻӣһ滹
˳˵֮ǰȥؾҲΪֿˣȻҴϢ
翴ǸµСϻӣĬĬȡһֻǬҴ򿪡
Ǭŵǰ
һһ˵ȻˣҲղҸ
е㲻ڡ
ϲ̵ذǬ磬ֺʣ֮䣬û
˵жᡣ
Ǭ﷭ңҵǸ൱ϿĶᡣ
ҲóԼһݡ
ЦݸˣذѶպãֿڡ
磬ҽǰɣ֪Ķҡ
ǰԶ̹ϵģֱӰԼ֪һУһһʮظѡ
ʮ꣬ǶƵ۹óҵĵϵӵܣͬʱҲǶƵ۹ĶƵ۰Ҳ˼Ҹȡģ⡮ָΪˣʵڵ۹ң۹ĵλߡ
ףʮֳ谮һӦԴоų϶ʣµǲڵ۹Ļӵܡ⣬жʮ˾ˣʮĸʵǡ˾ĸʵֱǡ۹ĻҵӴ󡭡
ĸĸĻԼҺʶ
ξǵľԵɡ

Źȥ£ʱʱط
ԭǰҲһɵȶ飿ȥȻɹ£ͷŪŶ⹫ˣûˡ
û뵽ǰҲ·ϼġҿ϶Ƕɫģͦġ
ȻǸȣڼһ𣬻һ˾˴ġ
ȫң

һǴҹ
ʼ㿿ҡҿվŽģŽţ绹˳Ϊ滪ĴŶûĻ꣬ת۾ͻȻһˡ
ƺƤʯϣ㿿ҡҿ㡣
ҹˣ磬һɵĴϣ粢ͷͷġ
ڽԺʵѣ֮ô죿˼˵Ҽǵ߽ױǿԲֱ뺣뿪ǵġ㻹ߡ֮ǰ˸һСнб˷Уݵ֮һ￪һССҲɺϣؾʶ˵ٶǮ౦һصȹƣģһңӦûڡбݵģܿضƵ۹ҲвٷС䵽طͨиţҪ;׵
ֱ˵ȱƽɣͰ˵ģͨС룬һûָ䣬ŻдȻһ߽׵ϻаҴȥ⹫˵һ棬Ȼָٻȥ
Ӧ
ѳ翿˿ȵĺеӲͷ
΢΢һ
ûעķӦǺߺ˵Ǿס⣬һǮõĶסһʱôУ˵ˣҵʦʦ㻹ʦɲʲô˶ģǺŪҡҵҽЩ죬ܵø۰ɣǰǵҲ̫ˡ
⣺ǶѺһЩߣǳǮ
ѵԡȻǮ࣬ǿ϶ԸһԽǲԸ⣬һƫԽҪôɡϾǡ۳衯ĵӺʦܣǾ͵úúóţ
ݸ֮ǰѾôˡ
Цˣȷ֮ǰһ䡰۰ҭ֣öԺҪôɡ
ţ湻ǾߣڼҪлᣬҰµСһ١ߵʱٰ⹫⻯ųǸνҲһ١
˰һС˵໰
֮ܶѾҪҲʹ죬ֱԼʹΪֹ

ţѽеۣ˯ˡ
ȵĺҲһ˿⣬Ҳ˯ˡ
ط̹׹󣬶о˰ġ
ѡ
Ȼûʲô֣ʵʱһֱﲻԾֻ㲻ԾȫӰ̹Ӷѡ
ʱ;÷Ҫ˸㵽߲ɣڸ㵽ԺǳãȻ쾭͸ߡһ̹ͨףǾãͶԾˡ
ѵʱʱػιһЩɢĻ棬ʱӲӹɣѾȷԵʵ
һŷǳеסڵǲʶģ֪⹫
ģģ룬ˣҲҪ⹫ˣͿˡ

˵һͷ
ڻصԺ󣬲Ÿ̤ԼżȻһѪ
ͯʧɫæסеʣӣôˣ
Ұƿſϣ޷޵ȥߵѪƵ˵û¡
ȷʵʲô£ֻǸոոܵʱ򣬱ɨȥʱڶѪѡΪ˲ӲرؽңŰѪ˳
ͯǰ̷˽һʱģⷿĲϤ¾ȥҵһϲĲˮ⡣
ҽӹһڡ
ȻѪ³Ժ˲٣Ļȴȥ
Ǹļٻ
ţڵֱǣˣԪҲЩҪ߲˵ĸоæֺ˼ڲ裬ȥոΪЦֻ档
ͯûж˵ֻǳĬȥ裬ҳʺϷõĵҩ
ҲͯľٶͯǼΪϤĲ૵ͫ
ͯûǾǿţ˵ʶģִһ˿·޿κΰ
ҿˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͯת¶գҲŶȻعֻͫƣ
ʶغȵתʲôתȥ
ͯؿȻȻͷ¶ǸϲĽǶȡͬʱ۽컬һᣬ·ĵ˼¡
һ췢£ͯʼյ顣
ͫˣͯһֱߡ
㡭
˵ʲô
Ҳһ̣ȻС˵
ӣˣҺҪ⳥ˣ


81 Ҫ⳥
ձơ
ӹͯ, С˽üʵҪʲô⳥ʲô磿
СеΣǾְǸոչڽ˽ս, ˰ֵ̣вٶҵġ

, Һͽǵ, ÿһﶼڣҲĵƣҺҪᡱЩ, ҵĽҲȽ١
ҺΪ˵ֿѾǺĬˣν൱׺񡣵Ҳѣ⣬һĴԲһˮƹ, ꡪҽҸҪн, ˮƹȴ, Ҳ˺üġ
ֻˮƹ۽Զһ鲼ˮƫƧɽУҡҺҵضǵĺġǳ
ռǳȺɽ, Զ
˵һĽұӭȢӣͫʶ, Զ顣ǹӶԽҲкø, ͫºȴҶ, ϣгһսͫ, ôǽҳɻѡ
ӵܵһЩΪϲ, ֮кܶԱ˴˵Ħ٣еӵҲϲԷ鷳
ͨ£ǽӵܸӵ߽ӵӵܿ϶ԷһӵָĳһĦʱһҿܻҡһңҶԸһҡҵˮƹ۵Ӳǳǣϵ˲ƽʱܷæǱҡ˵ļʾҪСϺܶˣԵС
ҺҵǶҵĵһӦȻûˡ

Ҵ󲽴ȵֱȥ
ͯЩգòýҶϧռϷ磬ۿ¾ͿҹȥˣҺȴ£Ȼ˽ҵŭ
ǽҵʹӣӦô粽ģȥ˵ҪԽҵһͷýǨŭȥº»Ҫ
ҧҧͯѡȥ
֮۷꣬ڽҵߣԽҵӣºа취ϧġҽԽǴãʱԽǻڡ

Ҳǽҵ׵ڽӴλṫӡ
λ͸Ҳ࣬λҲֱ࣬Һҵ
˿ЦݣԽܿҲ𾴡
ҵĶλվҹִ˸к
֡
һôһСǮѣֵλԹ
ɫ΢Զֱ׵ıֲ⣬Ц˵֮£ϷͲˡҶдλֶ鴦׵
ջߣ˵ǣס
¶С֮Ҳˡ
ЦҲ˭ںǵǮǼҵĲҵֻΪֵݾͲ׷û˹أպǿɾͲùˡ
ҲһЦ뽪ֲҪ֡̾ϢһҺҵ浹ãƵ󷨲࣬Ĺ̳Ѻۣ»ϡЩõ󷨲СͿˣĶ˲٣ʵ˲ġ
Ц˵˵ôϻֱӵɣҪǮ
üҵĵ̸жʮл𣬴СֵȣԼĪһƷԪʯЩСҶͷϣֵǮʮƷԪʯҲ㹻ˡֵòһҲҪʮƷԪʯ
ҶȥһֻǬ
ʱסԪһ̽Ц˵ֹȻš
΢顣
˵ĸ˽¶вҲҪֹܲġߣڼеƷԪʯΪÿʮ顣
һҹһһνĺֶҲ֪ѱ˶١ƫƫȶ֣練ɵʧһͷϣҲѹٶһֱӰǮˣٰ˸ߡ
ֱӰ˺ûҵԹҪ⳥ѵΪǮ
Ȼվһ߲ͯϣŵ٩ֲֹţСȥ꣬ǽƵ廳һλɽϣһλߡЩ嶯ộҲõ־ǵ¶ǣ
̾ɽλǻЩҲͽʧǿнµģֲǻԼҲģҲãɽλԼѰ˸δ򣬽ִ˴֮
˵ǣˣ˰ɣֻǸɽλˡ
˵ҽ߻иصģʵڲλֵܵĶ֣С󣬲̹֣ǲǣ

ĴԣɲΪѾͫͶԲϡȷ˶һۿߵʵͣǻⷽ۹ⶾ˵ġ
˵ڵĵλͬһ㣬ͽϵҲɽʲô䶯ĸᱻ׺Ūأֻûͻǰ£˼ҵļ£˲ѡľǸһӣĬ
߽̫ˣǽڼʱ˽¾ѾЦһأһ˻ֱһɣһ٣
ЦЦʮ꣡
ǣôܲԹأ
ˣ̼Ҳʵûˡ
١

ұһһɫתڣ̲סŭҪ̫
Цغһ˹֣ζͯͽؿ˿žʹЦ뿪ˡ
ֻ·ŭĽңһӡ
ͯһɪòײſסԼӵĳ嶯
ɨһͯŭԺȥ
ͯæٴθϣҿ̫װ·ϲϵģ

Ȼڿ˵ҪȽʱáͫȥ˵Ǹôһͨ˵׻滪еһʱҲ޷
ȥˡ
ڶԡͫ۲Ϊ鷳¶ӣٻҪһµġù滪һȥһ˽ҡͰѡͫôŰɡ
滪ǰȥģϾ˿ǽңҪǴĴȥǸǱȻ޴档˫ȴ֪ҡͫ飬ĽвжΡ
Ǻܿ˫ϵģԱҲʾΣ˵׻ǽ̫ſƣȻҵȷ貹һýҶȥҲֲ
滪ȻǼȲָ˺ĺ˼䡣
滪ڻȥǰĽңһҪ
Ҫ滪޷ģȥأ

ߣͺöˣҲÿܵɽȥˡ
ڼ䣬ɽһˣѸĹƺװŵ߽ϻȥ˱еķһˡǷеƹƺ󣬰ҲҵѸպϻٶȣڲֶΣذˡ
Ѿţ˵Ӿ͸ڡ
ͬʱֿʼ˵ˡ
[磬滪˵ҹҵǸţڶüˣûϢ]
һֱţǿԷ˵ġ
еЦ˵ûϢֳµûǸ
ѺЦʶࡣ
ڶ⣬Կмǰ˸ɫʳĳ

ʳġձЩŮǲԶˣȻΪھѳЩζõĶ
˼λߵĵȣÿ켸˵ȥֵٶأԱѳԵʵġ
պõĳҲæǵʱԸÿȵ򵽲ʳĻͻᰲǹȡ˳ˡ
ǺͳǱʹתϾʲô£滪ǿҲǿǵһ㣬ܿùߣ˵ʲôЩʹҲУΪʵǳִ󷽣ļӡæ澣ÿµ࣬ԼЩ׽⣬ֻҪշԸЩƣʱʱܵõЩǮһ㣬ȻǵҪˡ
ҶûԴˣг۵ķΪʲôأ

ѰϺ׾ϺŽѵĲ
ѸιһڣҪҪҲһʱⷢиȵӿٽӽ
Сʦ֣㣬˵㶨ƵĶѾ׼ˣʲôʱ͹
ˡ
[ŶѪʱˡ]


82 ҡʦҪǮ
֪ѵ, ˵ǾͰɡ
ȵļӱӦÿ̷ӵģǾ߳ûѾĵλҲɵ, ֮ǰϷҲ½֪ϢȻ, Ϊ̷, ʵȴǸǿߡѾСʦֳϵδˡϻû·ʵˣܹҲǵﲻġ
, ӺԥӦǣʦ֡
˵̬ȣִͳһöԪң˵ȥء
ӸˣԪպ, 첽ܿ
ʵ, ֱȥ
˵, Ҫȥҡʦ𡯿ˡ
Ц
лû䣬ǱߵȵѾѸٰ
ƤһĲеĴ, λѵƹӡ
ȶй˵Դƹ֣ʣͼѾˣ
ƹæȡһͼֽ, ˫ַϡ
й֮ǰƹ, Ҳ֪λͬͻģҲ, ϾѾ, , һʱ꣬Եȡ
ƹͬܿȻСڵ¡ǻҪѷɫ̫˵ġ
ͼֱֽøѿ
ַҲû̫⡪º󣬾͸ˣǶΪһҰλŮҪ滻ѡ
ԼǬҲѣƷߣ֮ǰѻȥƣΪ¸ף̼ǵĶѡھͲͬˣȺأ
ƹӵĶͼֽ൱ǶԪʯ׵ģƽʱװҲвƷסֻе㱣ˡ
ֱ˵ʽУ̫ˣͳͳΪĽ׵ġҵϣԪʯƷ㿴Ű죬ǲܵĽףɫѤΪıȽأǶԪʯĵطȫס
ƹӰľ̹Ӧ¡
һԵйЦŶƹ˵¡еԪʯӦоУƹǷȱģܹѡҵԻһ˵ļ۸񡣡
ƹҲЦǾͶлˡ
˵ƹһ㶨𼸺Ρ
ƹֵöԷˬܿ˼Ǯ
µĳŵԾ׵ԪʯԤڰʮңǷȱģȫĽױʯУԤٿңԼǧԪҡѵĽȡһǧǧ֮䣬ٿһЩհǧԪҡܼͨ۵ɡ
Ѱڰ֣˵ҪļҲ࣬İƷԪʯ
ƹȻû飬Цлչӡ
ſλе£ʵĶû
Цݿ䣺ˣչӿҪڲ鿴
һͷ˵óơ
ΧѰ˸յأͰǬĶһȫڷų
ᣬѾҪ½ŵĵطûˡ
һۿȥĽ׵ģȫΪס
ǼǵĿģܿϣ¡Ҳǵ֮һȫѵҪÿһϸǳ
ԼЯЩҲѷɫˡ
ˡ
˵±۰ɡ
λ֮ǰõģЦ⣬˵ĨȥͷʮҡǧƷԪʯ
ѺһǴСݳƷ˵ģһǶҪۣûϸҲܴ֪λǺлЩġ
΢΢ͷ˵ԡ
Ц
˵ȽɣȻƹڴ˴ԵȣҶȥɽһˡ
ºƹӶ΢΢һ
ǿɲ˵ʲôǺЦӦˡ
ԸһֱһԡΪⱨ۵զ಻ѵȵӣ˵ʦܰдһ
ȵӵȻڴӦ
ţѵͬ£ٲɽȥ

סɽĽϴʯȽ徲ûܵٻʱֻм״ʸϷ嶥
ͫȻҲʸֻѹûѡ
Ѵҡڵشߣﻹͬп
[ǰû룬Ǳʶò׽]
[Ҫ׽ˣסôˣĿܲ˵²ˣһΣǰҶ⹫϶]
΢΢ףʾû
ʵҲȷˣѵ˽⣬氮ĳǺġ
䣬Ѿ˷嶥
еǣİͬط嶥·߳ɽ⣬ЩƷεߣΡǽˣ
һӣס˴
ӶǰҲûڵġ
ǰ벽̧ʹһԼ·ڰش˴Ľһƿ
ɽӶÿЩһڱ˵ĵϣôҲ
ѾͿ첽ǣ˷嶥
֮˾Ϳһλʦ֣Ž𶷡
Ž𶷼ѣ㶣ʣʦʲô
ҡӣڵ˵ЩʦŸˡ
Ž𶷸оԼˣ˵ʲô
Ѳͷֱ˵Ҫȥʦ𡣡
ŽЩɡ
Ѷʱ˵飬üô
Žﰵп࣬Ҳ֪ʦôλСʦܡദģҲ̫˰ɣ̬һҲСʦܰǣʦ𶴸нǡֹǲֹʲôɣ
һʱ䣬ŽΪѡ
ѷΪ̬Ȥѵ˵ιʲô˼İϷǾͱҪȥˡ
ʾ硣
΢΢ǰ̧ơ
ûôӦŽ𶷾Ͳɵ˿⣬ͼͫѾԼѡδޱ߽ˡ
Ž𶷣
ˣ۲Ϊ
ʲôҲ֪Ҳס

߽Ĵ˿
[磬һֱҲúôǵǱİ벽ʣӦҲ̫ʯͨͨװζûУҲ̫˰ɣ]
װΣҲ׵Ϭ顢ҹ֮䱦
[ûЩˣһЩ̦޺ϸҶөҲǿԵģûСһУߵһҲãȻûСҿȥҲÿϼиѣŵľȻ׻޲ݣôģ]
޲һͨĳȼݣֵٽһ꣬ûȼÿʮ꣬ܳһꡣ
簲˳˳ѵıָỮ˻дһ
ֻ޲ݣǼǧƷԪʯ͸𣿡
һ֡
[Ҳǰ]
Ѿ͸ӿ˲ӡ
ᷭ׼˵ǲôģһأ

ܿ촩ߣһϴʯ⡣
µʦ̽ˣ

ѸٽʯͼԸֽΪӢʯϡ滪ֱߣҺһλҳֱߣλһЩĵطŵһ꣬ͯ
ѹЩˡһ־˵ʦ𣬿ԪʯЩװζе˵Ҹأ

滪磺
ҵˣ

ѹû뵽ѻͻȻͻȻҪǮ
ĺףĵûһôɵģǳ谮ͫҲôѳ
ǣͫᵽеڵš
Ҫӵģ˿Ҳֻ˵Ҫ٣
ں˵ǧƷԪʯѡ
ˣ
ǧƷԪʯѣ
ЩԪʯ㹻һǳױˣ
ǻ˵󻰰
۽΢飬Ȼļҵ׺ܷҲòǧ壬ͫĵӣֲĻģףһҲǮġ
Ѽ˵¡ģǵطЧʲҪĶǶƵģô͸͹ˡ
һ¡С֣׼һϵĻͶɤˡ
Ϊеˡڡ
Ҳ֮һڲģҲиǿİ벽ʣǰĶ࣬Աѷɫѡ
ӣǾ͵ǰû»ᱻĴ
֪һġ
ҪȻҲѵȥ
ѺҲ֪ˣҪǮס
Ȼǿѹŭ¶һ΢ЦȡһֻװԪʯǬһ׹
ȥɣԺʡЩ
̽ӹ˵ЦҾ֪ʦ۰ң
Ժʡûû
ۡ
ҭܶε滪磬ʱЩӡ
ҼѸˣԼͲôʹ죬һԲڵȻͫˣǰǼ¸Ҳ˸ˣ
ɨһ۽ңŸոճǮ̹Ҳû
΢΢ף˵ͫΪʦ˸Сӣһ
üҪ£
ͬʱһֱܰͯڽҵʾ߳ѵǰ˵ʦ֡
˶ѵɫô룿
ȴܲ˵Ҽǵͯ԰ɣ
ͯü˳۵˵ǡ
̬൱⣬赭дطԸҵֺƣʦ֣Ϊ˱ᣬӽͰָ˰ɡ
ͯȻ̧ͷĲš
ʲʲô


83 ǫʦܣ
Ƴһ, ˵ʲô飿֪ʹӽʲô˸ȡģڽ, ԭҲýͯڸһģʲôϵҶʡ¶ʯе, ˸ССĺǷ, ˵ˣʦյģҲû, ˷ʦʱҲͯҲͫ, 㲻ӦһӦء
һ˲ͯ÷ǳѿ
Ϊ˵ֶһ, ΪͫݱߣӦøĵҪ, ԺôڶԷǰ̧ͷȻݲߣҲô裡
ѷͯĳ, ƲƲ졣
[磬Ϊսĸڴǵ¶, ͲҪôĸֻ]
磺
ҲûҪ, ͯɫԽԽ죬תšü˵ʦΪ, ˵ûе
˵ͯѾСʦ, ͫ˵, Ҳеֿڣ˶ٺ󣬻ǰѺ仰˵ˣ˵Ҳиʦֵӣ͡СҪ̫ˡ
ǵɣüëνɷ˵ʦ㿴Ҳڶ԰ɣ
[ޣܱҴʮأСƨ]
һԲ廰ˡ
ͫȻǸʦ֣Ϊβǫʦܣ
Ҳܹٻռͫˣͯռˣò߷ʵƥ䣬ܻͫ˼
ѳ彪ҷ˸ۣ˵˭֪أȡ֣ͬΪ˶𣿡ֶ״ʦ𣬽һ١ٶزôɣҪԸʱﵽ棬ֵ˿ɾͶ֪㲻˽ҵͷСӣñȵֶóˡǸʱɲǴ½ҡЦ
⻰ʵ̫ˣ֮͸¶һ˿ее֮໹Ǻ
һڳˡѺ⡪ɫȫࡣ
̲סغǳͫ˵
Ѻһûк˵ҾҲ˵Ҳôġһַ·С˶˵ʦСӣҾͲʦ谮ǸǰɣҲԣ뿪ʮ꣬ʧȥ䣬ʦͼλͬŸ鵭Ҳ֮СǰЩʱյУҲֻΪһʱʱԽãԽ

滪磺
Ϊʲôᡰ鵭Լû

Ҳ߳ϵ£ûٷˡ
ΪͫñӸǵ̫󣬽ͯСӵȷΪ˶ġ֮ͫԻӦȴԵʣ
һΪͯʺĸоȷʵͫǡͫýҺͽҶ˴Խһò㡰ͫűô˼ˡ
һòΪҪĽҵĴڣҵʵȻǿҲǿ
ԣ׻Ƿͯ
Ͱʦ˵ģָ˰ɡ
ʱҲӦͯԺȷҵĹϵϾʱڴϵ£áͯʹȥˡͯڶʱﲻ뿪壬˾ֻ֪˸СӣСӸҵͷϺš

ȻҲ顣
ֻͯܵͷסǻĲԸ˵ǻ󻯣ʦ
⸱ǿֿģ뵽Լ谮ͽͫȻˡͫǵԵ
ǵϧʱɢ˺ܶࡣ
˵Խң潪աҲǸݵڣΪ˽ҵĳ֧ӵΪͽ֡ͻͫɡˮͫҲʺϡ
ӹɣͫġͫ֡
ͯҲĽͫ°
лʦ
û˵ʲôĵȴ߶߶
[Ҿ˵ͫѪùɣҵͷȡô֣ڶˡ]
簲ؿ˿
νػ˸ߡ

ѵֱӴʦϡ㽵Ļ档
ûʲôˣҾͻȥˡ¶õЦǱ߻Ŷҹȥء
ֶͫϧġ
ǽ۵ǧ塣
ǣѴкûʹҡڵת뿪ˡ
Űӣλ潪ͬĽҳϾˣ
Ҳԥظˡ
ˣ
Ȼһ֮ѣ
ֻǣͫʼռŵģ˵ʦԿ񡭡ý˽ˣôкк̬ǡ谮Сʦ֡ȻҲΪС¶ָ
գҲֻܷ뿪

ԼĶǰذǬƷԪʯָƹ¡
㣬׼ȷˬؽ⣬ʮƷԪʯĴͣȻֽá
ƹ֣õľȻǶ𣬶ȫ
Ѳ˵룬鷳˵㣬ƹЩԪʯĿǻͷʣ£͵һЩ͵ķá
ƹǼڴӦλӷģһٶ֮ڣضƷ
ѵ˵ͷ˲Ϳ͡
ƹ£ȻǺܿȵӵĴȥ

֣ܿﲼõǰѾϵĳ裬ǻһһÿͻỻһΡһξͻһ顣
˻Ŀʱѻ֣һﶫ䡣
ﾰɫĵطȥˣˣҲ뿪ţ档
ѵĴҲǳġ
ġСʦֻ֡һ˵еͷ˲࣬ȴͬˣܶǳǵ˶Ϊӡ˽Ҳ˺ܶ
λСʦָﲻ̫һ簡
ԱǸ߸Ӿɣδ򣿳еϣͦģƣǶ
λҲῡܣǰͷǸ̫ˡ˲
֪ôģ˵飬ҿģݵģ⻹ʮ궼ûסѾ»
ִ󷽣ϲ

һʱλ³ԱҲһЩϢ
˵һӵΪ״СӣϲѾԷڶ̵һˡ
˵µӳڷ嶥ϲô뿪壬ǰͫԸ񣬶һӢš
˵ʦʦµӵĹϵҲƽһЩֻе֣ͫȴûͼƺôϲµӡ
˵̽µӣµƺ׽ܣʹҺ֮Ѿˣµϵ˴˵Ľ
־˵µʱȽʤԲܾҪŬƽЩʽѾ죬ڲԪǰ£Ȼʦ㡭
ЩϢӰӰ´µģƺڰʾµСѾԽԽܳ谮Ǹһġͫ𽥸ϵˡ
һʱܶ˶꣬ʹĸ飬ֵסµţǴĽˣһֱ˼ͫͬǡʦҲˡ
ϣ·ѾûبŲˣ֮ɣȴҲ˶
ڡͫջʱ˭֪ᷢչأ
ϧ̾

һ죬⻺߽һݵ꣬Ŷң˶һɺǧ֮⡣
ſʱҪ鿴ģ
굹ҲϣҵĻһǡ
¶İϣȻϸ˰̡ϸᷢƿĻϽŤƺܹʹ


84 ָ
⧲ɲ, һϾߣƽ￴ʬĻᶼ, ѪҲǲ٣ȻҲû̫𾪣鿴ǵķ, ͵ͷ˽ȥˡ
΢΢ף̧߽˳
кʮǰû𣬾ֵ߸ҵĴҲûʲô仯¥ζõֺҲɶڡ
һۿȥĳЩ̷ƹɻףϰгɵЩ, òûб仯
ƺӦǺϤġ
ȴɸоһ˿İ, һЩ㯡
ָ̽ĦǿѾ֪ٱĵ, ⣬˻ڵ
ȻתͷңңؿһڡǱ߳ȥһΣִܵǸطˡ
ڡ
תǰȥ¥
ЪһЪ, Ҳһ֮
δ飬Щˡ

ûȥ¥ż, ֱһ¥˼ˡ
¥Ϣͨ, ôĹ, ӿǵ̸еõһЩµ
ܿ켸˶, һۣ˼ڣҲǴǰζۿ΢΢ᣬǿнͻȥ
˿̣һԤϵܶʳһ÷һ߱˴˽̸
ܶϢ̽£ӿĶ

ڸ̸۵ǼݵĺӣĿ⣬ʵߣͿģϻ˪֮ԶǷȥġ
˿̣и԰ĺ⣬һεСϯ棬ˡ
ģôǮ缸¥Էķ˲ƣҪʲôµķ
·ɱǣ
ƽֻڽϴ棬·ǵ˹˵ǮǿǺôֱʣֻ˵ãһ߳ı㣬ζѡ˿ϲһöԪң
һöԪңôࣿ
ɲôôҪȻҸСƹ;ˣõ˾¥
ͻȻ䣬һ׳͵عһƣ͵˵֪ˣǸǮĹͣλͫʦ֣

ָ֣СٿȻأһ죡
ˤˡ
ϾǾɫš
ͫϣĸͫ
һ¥֣û̫ע⣬ټǱģȻҲ˷ʧ̬ˡ
૵˵⵽ô£
˶پκˣȴҲֻܽѹס
һ
һʲô¡

Щǻ⣬˵ͫǶô󷽣δȥ桢ͻĵ洬
Ǹ˼Ļ⣬һ˸ƾʳǡֵʳǡӵʳǡҲ½½˵֮佲൱֣͸¶ĹǡͫϢҲ͸ˡ

һƱһھơ
Щ˵ĿУ֪֮ǰϵĴʦ滪·߷ʮǰ׹¶Сʦֻͫͫʧȥ˼䣬ɽк󣬸֪ˡĻع¸˲ѣǺչΪ˱ʾϲõ飬׷Լܵıչ˷ǳ
ҲΪʧԵʣͫ䣬ǰûа֮൱ԣҲܰ裬Ҳǰרˡʧõ黹һֱԷֻദ˼Ρ
˱ۣﻮһĨ
Ȼͫδ򵱽˽ͨͫץ飬ڸԼ˸δ
棬˽ҵһ֧Ϊͽ
֧𽥵õµϲ˵ͫ
ͫӴϵս赭
ͫƺ⣬δĴ棬ǿҲ൱󷽣ظеĴҲڡ
ҧء
ôͫĲ
ͫġ
֮ͫ£ǶѣĥƤݣǿ˺ܶطҵ˵ҩʹ಻Ϸһشµ֧ǵ塢δ֮ꡣ
ôܲأ

һѵϪߣЬ࣬Ϫˮȥ޵͸¶ΪõЦݡ
ˮСĽױᴥ峺ϪˮӳӨ׵ļǳɫ¼ԵЩ͸
վһԣһֻ۰򣬸֧š
ץֺˮ档
һѲͷĲһڡ
зȣ治ɫֻüʱĬĬصͷҲѵĲõᣬ΢΢һŸոոܵǹɺָļΨ˵˶ԷƵģ˼ƿԼ촽

ײһˡ
ԴĴ桢ǮÿÿѿʱһڣڳԵϲĳʳʱһڣõʱ򣬻һڣѪʱ򡭡ǻһڡ
һʼÿα׶ὩӲһΪֳϲ֮е֪ܳ롣
ʱˣˣ͡Ҳ˵ľˣȷѵȷҪϲġ
ĳһΣһԺ󣬹ѡ
ʱ㶣漴¶һӶǵЦݣλֱۣ˸ĵ
ţѺˡ
֮ǰ޵ͱƽܰǻڲԾӣԾȻĶٴζʱĶ
ѵıҲܣչҲѻӣɺʹ磬ֺһڡǿһڡ
֮ദĸƼܱJס
ȴأΪˡ

ȥһˣһ߱ιʳЩóԵĵĹӣеۣͳſ첲
ߵһԣЬϡ
ѵ˵Žţ˵ȲҪ˯һ
ûȡһһƬ£Ȼֱӽѱȥ
һƤܿƤҪˡ
׼ȥسš
ǻûͱס֡
ʣô
Ѻ˵㱧ҡ˯
΢΢ѱķȫ򿪣ֲĵؼԪʯǷ󣬾˳΢ɲ˯ԡ
΢ض˶壬볯߹ȴû
糤һ죬뻳С
ţǱѴȾ˯ƵģҲƤ˯ˡ

˸Ρ
ĸĸȥԳȴӵõ⹫ԼĸŲ
μԼ˹κŲȻ·һùΪԼδδܺãúܺ⣬ƽʱΪֹԼܶ뷨ޱϣȻҲʲôãԽദԽǾõù͸һֱߡ
Ҳദ̫ǢˣûзԼżΪʲôҲûΪʲôԽԽõù˳ۡ
ؾˣռѷֿ͵ùʧˣƭųΪ˵ȻûгԿﶼԡٺù˹صߡ
Եùһ飬ùȥݡ
֪˵ùԼδ򣬺ϲùϲ׽ùùȻеľګͻȻҲ׽
ܸˡ

ȻۣΣеļ䶼ˣ
һԵ˲ӿͷЩˣ΢΢ͷоԼůȵؿڣɵ
ͷ
ѣ˯ˣ
ŲŲԼŲ棬
[ʲôˣ]
[ԭϲ磡]


85 Σ1
, ̲סһ㶡
ȻȻӦʱ¶ϲɫ
ѣָˣȫָˣ
öͷײײĶͷ, üЦţȫǵˣ
ܸ, ѵչա
ȻʧȥѸǰûʲôͬ, ǼϾкҪһָ֣Ȼá
ֻǡ
֪֮࣬ѺԼĺһ, 彥ؽӲˡ
Ȼѷ˳Ц
, Ƕһþˣôôߣ
磺
ȻЦˣȴˡ
֮ǰﲻû, ϾҲȷѻָ, ᲻߳ŭѵ˽, Ӧǲ, 鰮ϵ, ȫϳأһ棬ǻĳƽ
Ѿ, ˶һ, رġ
̲סٴսЩ, ѵĴ
ѵɴۣ
[Ȼ졭]
[絨ӱˣ]
ͣšһ, ˵Ѹҵĵӡ
Ө׵ϷһĨ, ȴ˵֪ͺã
΢΢, Ӳ, ͸¶һ˿ᡣ
Ѻߺţͷı۰ϡ
ŻеˣůʣѣôͻȻָˣ
ػش𣺡˸Σӳʼʧ֮ǰɲͶ𡣡
Ȼţеɵ˵Ҳ˸Ρ
һתͷʣҲ˸ΣʲôΣһǺֵΣȻ㲻ҡ
ͷεΣܸǰβࡣ
룬£е㼱еʣ˼ǣμĹɵֺƺɵѦ֣
ٵͷغһ
Ҳû뵽Ϊ˸ͬھ󣬻ҵϷݡ
ѣɶȵˣϷݣ
̾شʱûдﵽʥ̥ϵľ磬޷תģȻתȴҲһЩ취ס˵ĻǣֻǾԽߣʱԽѡʱǲʮǿ󣬱ֻ漸ͻɢɻڵǸطȻһݣҵĻ˽ȥ
ţרע

иԣһ߸ɻǵһĳ˻Ǻ󣬾ͻԶ֦ɣʼƮߡ
ʶڣԼĻǸһƮƮƮˣٴѹʱ򣬾ѾһɽˣҳһµݣĻһ
ǻججĲ֪£Ȼĳһ죬ɽϵһ꣬պݵǰ棬ѪҺݵĸգĻǻָһʶ
һʶĲ̫ࡣ
Ҳֻģģܸ֪ΧѣȴķӦ
ǸܼͣȻˣȴѪĥһһڵϲ˺ܶط˾ڳԼݾ˻ڳԼݾ
ÿ춼Ѫݵĸ벻ӣЩѪ⣬Լṩ̲ĻѵʱҲԽԽˡ
ţÿÿյʺܺãСͰ£ĸõʦͬʦʦϧﵱɵڶң߾ȫؿޣΪһЩ
ֽСʱʶһѵͯԷͬͬսͯΪףҲԸһԱ˴˶˻Լ
һˣÿҵȥοǡ
ÿ춼˵϶ѣҲˡ
۰ڴȻǺ£ᶨ֧ţ껨˺ܶ꣬һҵҩκԼĿȫǣòǰͬˣΪµһصòƤ޷ƾѰҩ޸
ҲûΪĿ̿βµԴʵҲûͣͣ磬ֱµԴ֧Ϊֹ
뾡취ܽŤʹ࣬¡
ҲΪ㹻УҲ˺ܶܰסεġƵĹߣȻһȥˡ
֪ʲôԭǿȻҲƵƮȥߡ
֪ͫˣ˺ֵֹܶ¡

ѺȻĻƵ磬ⲻԾˣҪڼŻ£ͫʮǰˣʱ䲻ԡ
˼شʱѷ죬Ҵصȥûʱ˰ɡҳԺЩ꣬ҲµףѹʹͫˣҲ˯ѵƮţʶȫģʼûӰ쵽ʱߡ
ѵͷŶе
[ʵҲҪ]
[Ҫǣʹµ׿ͫʮꣿͺˣ]
æظһͣ˵µʱʶĺܱģʱǻţûȥͫͫҲܲͬһطÿ춼ҪԴġ
Ѻһǿ͡
ðɣ˵һ˵ͫʲô
˵֮ǰƵĿͷ̫ˡ
档
˵ȥ

ͫѿɲͬѶϵûиģͫȴǸ鼫Ҳ˵⣬ϾʧǰʮĶãҲĶǻ
ͫعͬǽӡھ¥÷Ҳͬഫš
⴫ű㲻ʧġͫӽͫˡ
ͯ
˵Ϊ˻ʧȥͽʹһͽͫΪƵΪͽͯԸͫҲƣνʮԵʶգο塣
ͯοҲο滪ͬţҲʱ̽ͯ䣬һһ졣
ܶ˶˵ͯĵƣȻ½ΪƷˣǶͯкøУϲ
ͯǳǵиϳǸž޵Сʦֵˡ

ѸŻһ¡
æ˸ʣѣôˣ
ƲƲ죺еġ
Ȼ̹ϵ˵ġ
ѣ

ͫǸغܿˣϢȻЩڣȴǸлͯġϾοѡ
ֻڰ˻жռģţϽȥҲҪ˵ٵ߲ͯС
ͫܿˣ»Ľϳ߸˵ذӭУ꺮ůǻ
ͯҲ񣬲Ųһλ˵ԼӦʦܡ
ͫͯ
֮滪ͫ˺һͬȥҽΪβȵ˰֪ԭոͯȥʰˡΪˣ˺ܶ꣬ͯԺסȥڼȻͫع飬ͯͺó˶
ͫе㲻˼ĶĻ䣬ҲȷҪסȥ
Ҳûпض֮¶ͯµһ˿ǸȻϧ


86 Σ2
ҺܿҲ̽ͫ, жȻڿʱˡýĴȥѰκͫòҩÿǧټһȴô, ܱ, Ȼͫİοת
ͬ£ȥңû취ָͫǰģΨһֵҵľǣ¿ʱôɲ, Ҳٿ
, ȥ, ͫ곤, ̬ٸǰϸٵ仯ܴ, ƫӢˡ
ͫгꡢɳģ˵ȻϰߣǶʧ˺ܶģϲùȥٳõؿ˶ҲЩİ
ǣͫ仯Ҳܴ
һĿޣӹ°żԼ¶ĸ֮, µ׿֧ţ°, ˸׽뵽ǲִٶҲʱദ
ͫ, ʦͬڿʱ, ż¶һЩ㱡ʱ䶼ڱҩ, ֪ôģദʱԽԽˡ
ȡ֮ǣͯǰ£ָѧ
̫ͫЩҲ֪Լڱ仯ŴҶܺãʱˣȻҲͻϰڡҲڽ̵ͯۼͯʵߺܿ죬ҲȽϰοʹżҲΪͯģ뵽ԼĴǰе꣬ĻǺܸôСʦܵġ
ֱһ죬ͫЩ˯ţɽһߣȥԼĻ䡭ȴһԭֻͽҵܵض˹һĽҺͯ

ʱ򣬽̰ͯ۷ΪʲôҪ˵ͯʲôߵʹӣǱͽ壬ôܱ˳۵Сʦܣǲб˾
ͯᣬϵ̬ƽʱľǿģȫͬﻹݻ۰Ľһ˵ŲвͫʦֻˣһƾŻ᲻ƿܻӭýҵӼ
˵ĺصܵضУҲصͫĶߡ
ͫؿţԼûע⵽Լ
ƮԱߵǿˣԼȻûϲ˭ǿͫôʹģҲ׶Էıˡ
ͫû뿪һֱİ˺Ϊĺ׽ͬСʦܷ
˽ڽҵһԺٶңǲҪҰ㡱ͯҡͷġҲܶԲͫʦ֡С
˻ӵһʹ࣬ͺǲһİ£ͫ谭ǵĶˡ
ͫžƵģغˣûзһ

˵ʱæ§˳
Ϊʱ򣬱ͨ졣
[ҪȱͫԺҪ⣿]
[һҲ̫ù˰ɣ]
ͫĸоǺܸͬܵġ
¶ͫ壬ɲǸ⹫ļϵݲ𣿶İ硣
[Ҫǰĸ˾ĸǰ]
סѵ졣
ѣ
ҲȻֹ
ε˵ܵġ
ѲŷӦԼղģ˵ġ
ȻԣʱҲе㲻˼ˡ
֡硱ġ
絹û⣬͵Ҳϲˣֻϲ㡣ٸӣ㿴ͫ˻ξʶʮҲûϲദµʱҾѾϲˡ
ѵɴۣȻ΢΢ȡ
[ô˵Ҳԡ]
[ֻϲңҲֻϲ磡]
΢΢͡
˾ӵһ
Ѳ˵ˣҺΰɡ
ͷ˵

ǸͫڷֵʱͻֱӴȥ˻顪ȻҪǽҴáĸʵΪȣûﵽǽҲɵĵز
µ׵Щڻǰжȹʦŵĸ飬Խҵĸ鶼һ˾źʦźͽҰ㲻ԼƵĳڱ֣˾ü᲻ƣҲߵĸ鶼Խ
ʦźͽҳΪִΪ޷ʧȥĶ
ͫŻȥ
ͯĸ½ģͯġɻȱķΧڣ뿪ʱȵ󣬾Ȼͯ

ͫûжԽôȴٺ֮ǰһչͯˡ
ָͯʱͫ۲ֻ飬ÿһ仰˳ÿٶĿġʦڵʱͫͯ䶼ڵʱͫͯһһжڹ
ͫû̶ͯʲôֻ̬Ƚ롣
Ȼһ죬ͫʦٻȥҪиʦֵģҪͯ
ͫо𣬻ΪԼ̬ͯȱʦ𿴳һʱûôʦ˵Լ仯
Ȼţʦ滪͵ˣҪдԵʣͯ˵ͯǶпοԼҪģӦôЩҪΪͯڵĴʡ
ͫ𾪣ҲſԼĴʦֻ˵ʦڣûʹ϶ἵʣ۸ͯ
ʱ̲ͫס˵ۿҺͯͨ¡˵ԼֻӶ񡢲ûʲô֮ǰʦʹʦ־ȻΪͯ˵˵Ϊ뿪̫ã˶Ϊȥˣұֻͯ鲻Խվ顣Ժ׼㺣һӦҲֻ鲻ԽͫҪ̫֣ҺͯԺ󲻻ơ
ͫ׻
һ̣׸ıԼ뷨

˺̬ͫͯԽԽǰ˵ÿθԷдʱҲıúͯľˡ
ͯԽ˳ܣͫԽ񣬶һһ
Ȼͫʦʦʦ㣬δ򽪳ң½ͫġȰҪ̫֡
ͫԽǱȰ˵ԽƫִͯԽǶӡ
ۿͯÿα۸ÿָʱҪȰ˵ʦ˲Ҫ˵ǹģֻΪ̫ˣͯĴںۣܰƢЩꡭ
أͫʦ˵Ľƫͯ
⣬ϢҲͫĲáͯĺá
ͫһУȴް취
ʧȥʹһδεͯͯĵˡ
ͯصõͫһС

ͫ˻顣
ͫŽϤüۣͷŵһδθͯõĻ棬оԽҵİˣȴһŤռ
ͫͬ˻飬ڿͯٴθȰ˵ٴζͶǸʱ͸һֻص
һ죬иڽᣬһս
ͫҲս
ҵĽҲһЩӵܹæ
սϣʵǿͫսǿ콾ɱʮּҡһ޷Ըͫ˼һΧ
ͫսˣ𽥲ǵ֡
ĴʦֺͽҶڸĲԶǲûйæǸʵͯܵһ˺
ͫǳŭȻһػϮ߸ߵ׷ɣŸµȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ͯ°ߣҪв滪ͽҡ
߿УǴŵǿ߶սÿһͯ
ͫھ֮У¶
һΣͫˡ
ˣҲˡ
ûκο֧


87 ߻
һ
൱ġ
˵°䡣
һѾ
ѵͷ, ʮ꣬ĵù࣬ԭҲǵù, ǵù鵹ù, ֺơϵͳЯ߻Ѧ棬ΪԼ֣֮˽ȴǲ, , ϸ, Ҳûʲô˵ģѾ, ҪôҪôҪô󡪡һ̣ѸֺƲ, üԼˡ
ľͬˡ

Ǹͯȷʵõͫһ, ˿϶ڰ⣬ͫʲôʵڵ˺û, ֵͫ˲ٵ
ºȷͫˣǾͿԳΪͫĳҲ˵ͫСǳų, Ժ, ҲΪҩԴͫͯʱ, ǲ鲻ȴûжͫһָͷҲȰ˵𱸶ѣôƫͯ, ΪҲƫͫġ
滪ûȥͫͯ, Ⱦͯ, ǶΪͫĸͿһĨɱûԶͫͿͫǵ𣿲ܵġɱͫĲǣֻΣʱѡ˸Ҫ˱ѡͫսҲ˵ΪǸΪͫҲǱŹġڵĵӣӦΪų
ҵȷˣڴ֮ǰѾ˼ͫʮ꣬ǡ˼ˡȻڶԷѵֻƫƫʱͫ˶ѡھɰ»оᣬûܰѳסǷ˴٣ĴҪ˴ĵز𣿺Ҫ˻飬ҲͫĲԸѡҴѶϣϱͫɻһǶȿ檡̵ģͫʧʹˣȴԶԶﲻ˾͵ȥĵز
οͫҲ˴ֻܲǵò֮ȴĶݡ

ı۰ҡҡͷ˵ĵľˣҪͫıЩˣԵûϾͷβͫǸܴѣջ˶ĸ飬Դʹ϶Ҳ御
˵ͫȻƫִҲֻסЩꡣ֣ͯΪͯʾԼͫ۸ͫɴ⡮۸ʵ˵⣬̾ҵǣͫʧȥԼһУҪǶߣᱻ𱸡˻ãֻʧȥʦŵƫδİĽѣͯȴĥ˺ܳһʱ䣬ûбԹʸͯˣЩĥ㹻ͫô
˶е꣺ͫҪ֪Լ˻Ŀȫǣ¸ϣԼôǿػɱŶʦźδڴ
ͫûʲôϵ˵ҲˣѸһ¡
˰磬ͫԺƮţǡܲصȥǼ֤һͫľѹְɣ
شͫʱҸһƮȥȷˡȻĴƮ廹ϣŹмꡣڼ滪粻֪ʲôʱͯ㺣ֲͯľܾ滪磬˽һ滪ҷĿɳ𣬸üɹ˵ʵûдͻƣ滪缸ʦʦҲæŵͰæͬһ߻ħպͯڸͯץ֡΢飬ºͯܡزкܴǸ⣬ͯãദʱϲεûʦͽ֮աȻĳ⣬˵±¶ˣӻң滪ͽ뷨죬˸֮ĸ˸һ𡣡
ѣ
[û뵽滹ô߰ķչͫͯġеһݵİʯ]
ѣкû
еŹ֣ͷеġ
Ȥߴٵ˵˵
ͼ˵ˡ
ΪͯҲΪԼ棬˵Ĺϵûб¶⣬ĳһƮƮţһһ׹и˵־ߣʵʱڰ벽ʵࡣ
һ㶣ⶼȥˣûͻƵ񺣾Ǳߵ𣿡
ȥˡֽ͵벽ʾǴﵽļޣѾͨ˺֡üֺͶ֣ʱҪ߹ͨü֡񺣣ֻһ˿Ҳͽ񺣾һǳؼӵдԴͬʱޱרעرءЩϵĲұصġ
ѻȻҲˡ
ݸŽ¡

λǸɢˣʺܺõԴʵǿһΣգͫȣһģ̽ͫϢԽǴ̽ԽϲֻиԶʤĽڣݸѹĵס
ͫ£˺ܶ취ûȥͱһ˿ͫŵƴʵгһԵµѰҡŹʮ꣬˵ͫˣǳˣþͫˡ
ɴȥţû뵽ʱиĴҵ֪ԼΪŪߵģǴʵߵΨһӡںԴŻЩֵͫܳΡ
ȻȥͫҲû֣ˣһ˶ʵǿҲѾΪǿܳΪһѵս׼ȡǵϵĴҪѡһй
뵽һͯȡϲˣҾȻйͫͼ;ѡںͽΪ
ǰչһΣȡͻ񺣾磬ΪҪһֱûĽᣬط׷ѰͫĹҵõˣȻΪȰսϣ˼飬ȥµͫ
Ͱˡ
һʶҲɴԼһдݸ

˵Ȼǳŭʲôǿ򾲣ǿͻƵ񺣾ɹˡҲͺȻˡͫȻ˵ͯһȺ˵Ĵ޷ͫʹ࣬ͫϣ嵽׶֮ǲʱɱˡԼͯȡͫģͫͯ;öģһ˽ҡ滪ǻŵͯȻʱٶҲɱˡ
ѣ롣
[ˣʲô¶㶼鰮ϡͽһΪ鰮߸ˣΪ鰮Ǹ]
ѿ磬̲סЦ԰ȫǸˡ߻ꣿ
εǡΪ֮ҵʶûˣ硣ٺôҲ֪ҵˡ
һۣ鶼Щ΢
ʱȻһ΢΢ɳƵɤ
ʳڿͫӣ
գգۡ
˵е졣
ƿһͼԶĵطиŶҵߣңң
ü˵ңô
˾˵¹£Ǹɢˣͫˬ²СڡĳͶ빫£ΪЧ֪ӿɷɡ
ѣ롣


88 ͫͶЧ
һ, ѵЩԤС
ѵ֣ѾϳǸˡϾǸ, һлĿء
ѾкȻҪͶЧ, ͹ɡڷԸѶժҪҿ㳤ʲôӡ
仰˴˹, ͬʱȴ˵ĳǿ, ֻݱ, òªʧڸ¡˶, ƺǽͣҲΪԵ, ĳҵʵĹ, ðǰͫӡ
ü˵޷, ܳȥ
˵˵ʮֵĳª
׻˳ӵذѶժˡ
ѿʼ
[ǻݻٵù׵İ, 㿴, С˰, ܼΣ۽ôһֲۣͦڵģǺӲ֦ŪİɣнҾͺϹˣӲϹ˰Ķȱһ, ˿ڷڵ, ӦǱʲôҧ˰, ûضĽҩûˡıҲˣʱֻܻȥֱӸˡ˻֣ˣšͷҲŤİɣ۶ˣ]
[˵ǿһǿ]

Ҳϳˣǰλװƣɲžλմµġùߵͫ
ҲĿǰݵ
£ɽµ¹ȡҲ̫ˡ
ֻǸԭﲻͬǣλûֱȥ壬ðƻҪΪ
һʲôһ

ͫͶȻԼԭġ
ԭֱ˵иͯڣʱʦŰ˵ִܸ˵Լͯǵο壬Ϊ˼ԼŻ
ȻҪϻأЩžۡ
ξͲһˣصϢǣѾиͫˡ
ǡǸͫʲôˣʦıƭϲˣ
ұ׽飬ͬͷһͰˮ͸
οѾˡͫǰ£ʦ˸ͫСӡ¾ͺοʲôϵˡ
ͫòɡ
˿ֳ£ʦͬŻһͫ˳ֻͫΪͫˣǰˡôڱ仯Ϊ¶Ѿ˲ʲôأ᲻ҲǶݵϲù󣬾ͱ
ûмʦŰ˲ԼٰΪԼѰҩǰͫǵ˾ûüõȹ̣Ͳ޴Ҳûô嶯ˡ
ԭǺεģΪ֧ӯأٶȲд֮£ҲȴһЩҲ侲
ӿֳǧӣջΪһͷҪȥͫȡͶ£Ȼȥȥᡣ

෽֪ͫˡͫ䣬⴦ɽϪߡȻµıһ۾ϳƷﵽף
ױڶֻһֻеʱŻʹáҲ
Ȼͫӵһ
ʦǰҲûа˼ϣѵֻʮͻһ͸ͫ͵ģϢʹˡ
˵ˣ⳵ݵķʮݻϲãҲͫϲá
ôǡͫԭеģ
Լˣʲôݣʲô
ӿְֲ²⣬ͫ
ͼˣһٸʱƣµվһҲԲ˾úġĽӸ硣ҷͺС񡢴Լ࿴۾ܱϵĹ䣬˵ֻвʮѡ
֪ͫʲôζˡ˸Ȼͬıϴ
Ȼ˵Լ⣬ֱҪ¶ò
ͫɹˣǣλСӸû¶ʲôͺݳ֣Ǻͨݡ
һ̣ҲڶԷߵĸߴӣʼӲҲǽȻͬģȴǡͫѡδ硣
ѡͫԼıΧ֮ڣòԿϸ¡
ͫе㱡
꽪ҴҲǺܺõģƺ˷ˡ

Ѱͫ˺һԷһվñֱ
[磬˵ʲô]
§§Ǽ͵˵ܶഫԣû취ѡɣȹ۲졣
Ȼ
[Ҳͦ˼ģٻɻ]
粻ݸ
ͫѺķӦŪеţԭŸͫĻѣȴͻȻһڱĸо
̧°ͣʣʲôôֵ㣿
ͫʹ˸壬ش˵ĳмĿǰ۷壬һԴԺ֣ܿͨ־¹ĳĳʲôƶ
ѡŶһĵ˵ԭңΪͻƵԴ
ͫɺܺã·ƵĴۣش𣺡
ˣӦ͸Ұɣʱ䲻ˣһȥ
ͫ̽״̬Եøӹˡ
ǣӡ
üְױˣͫǣóһ׵ĳݣųͷǷǳķ
£ҺͰЪһݳ
ͫӦһǡ´϶ңʵʵ˳ǰʹ

ѿĻץͷ档
[磬ͫͦģԭȴԼڳ]
ظ˳˵˲Զѡ
Ҳǡ
Ĳûģƶһɿ˵ѣ㲻¡
ԶҵСͫһʹࡣ

ͫױڽֵʻʱ·ʱͶߣߴಢ⣬Ľܶ࣬ϳ⳵˺Ȼפ㡣
֣ܴСͫϵˣǳȴܴʵϣڵȴֺˬϡ̸ĸãֺˬƺϲ
ͫûԼгһջΪǮ

أݵִڡ
ɽӼ⳵ݣ׷ÿ·
ֻѯʣʦ֣ݳʲôˣ
ͫ
յ̷ӣòǹܣİɡ
Ӿÿˡ
ݾǵʱ򣬳ﶪöԪңҲǡͨڡķã
ɽؽס̬ȸ֡
ͫ

ɽ·ϣеҲܹÿ·ڳơʦ֡ǵıֺ룬Ƕǹġ
̽һֻϸ֣˰ڡ
ֱ㶵ؼϣȻôǡ
ͫԼˣԷͷϵǵ룬ô룿
ܻЩԱڴʱòЩİɣ
֮˵⡣

˰ɽͫųλǱġ
Ҳʱиɽİ걩¶Ρ
ͫ룬µʦܣ
ͫҡӣЦЦؿꡣ
ͫûƼң
ϻһĨԹߣȴֻܲ鲻Ըֹ
ʦ֡
һ滪պÿģüģ˵ͫڸʲôͫ鷳
ꡪͫС˵ǵģʦ֣ͫʦֻǽҲû
滪üͬţûҪֺαҪ㣿
ͫͫ΢û뵽ʦֻ᲻ǰ
ӿһĨڶǿɬζ
ͫȴ˳ǣȱŽͫǼ°ͣЦʵô۸ˣŽֲͫҶ̬Լ˵˵ˣǲǸÿʱÿ̶ǵǿӣ
滪Щѿ
ͫ鶼ۿתˡ


89 ͫã
ѵȱڽͫĲ, ˵ʲôޣͳƽҲη, ѵ޳ɸ滨ɣ˶ˡ¶Ƶı, ʱץͽҵʱ򣬻֣ͦҺôǸҹӣ⵵¶ͦġѡİߴ, Ӣ䲻, ѡǸʲôĥĥ󻰶˵, ˭۸㣬ѵǴĸҪ˵¥ѧ˵ķӣϵ, ᡣ
ߴӢ䲻磺
һԼ͸¶ʵ𺳵ͫ
ͫɫէէ׵ģҪΨӲر˻ȥ
ƽȻʱ, ɵÿͫż, ڳ֮࣬Ҳ̲ס˼ʡ
Ҫò
ʹ, ͫҲҶ˵ʲôֻܴͷ
ˡͫӵ, ֪ʱ˵Ͷ, áͫ, Ǹδ磬䲻ǡ
ͫؼǵһһλͨڱ£ӶϧԼǳһСļϵ, ˶ԡͫСȻҲûҶʲô, ֻǹ˼, ȴŲӵһ߶߹ǡڼ羹Ȼεĵطгᣬͷ·ڿһһ㣬ľ
ӴԺ󣬽ͫһ˿־壬ף̫ͬˣҵ㣬ֻ⡰ͫĸܡ
⣬ҲЩɵԵʣ½ͫºȥ̽ǵΣǵҲûȴֻȴ̬ȡҲû˸ǰǱ˵ͫһ仵֡
һأͫΪ滪ҲڣͼԵ滪Щϧѡ

Ȼ滪̲ס˵¥Ӳ¥ӵģҲ̫ˣ
ԶԽͫеͬ飬̬ƫڽͫġ
Ȼѡ͡һЦˣͷ滪˵ʦ֣⻰ͦģɶϾ͸Ҹ˵Ǻ˵ˣҰ˴ʦӶңҶĻȥڽͫ£ҪǶ£͸ڿҵʱȾܣܻ¶棬֪ʦҲҪ֪ҪʰǰװءЩ¥ﶼɣпʦǼȥ䣬ҲڱСϷƭˡ
֪ͫͫ׾ͷС˼ʱʮֺڡ
滪˱ȻǱѹˣһʱȻ֪ô
˵ףҲʦ½ͫºֲܴͫǸģʱҺͽڵʱûԽͫôºֻҪͫǰûкɫġֻ˵Ļǵһμ˽ǲкܶΣͲ֪ˡ
뵽⣬滪緢ȵĴ΢ȴе㷸ֹתһ룬ҪͫҲǱͫôѹڻСĻͼơͫľٶҲǲ⡭
滪绹̾˿Ȱ˵ѾȥˣҲϲδ򣬺αػ²أͫҲСʦˡ
ѷ˸ۣ˵ҪʦҪôŸӵͷֹŽҶ⣬ðˣЩࣿ
ֻͫ޲Լڡ
룬Ȼʲô⡰ָͫɵģ
滪Ȼ
˶ٺ˸պ㻹ǲҪȥ¥֮ˡ
ں˵аأȥѣʦֻǱ˵Ҳ˵ĻɡҪǲˣ˭Ҳ˲ˡ
滪ҭס
ĺܲϰߡ̬ͫȣ¾ܶˣҲǲϰߡ
գ滪绹ǱˣŽͫ뿪
ǣһ
ԭͫǰѻĶӣ˳Ʊ˳ȥһߵĲݴ
[ˣҪˡ]
ѵȻûй˵ڣӷɳȴǷǳԵģûԶ滪ͽͫˣ
̬ȣֱ
ͫ۵ȾһԹ
һ졭
ʱѴͫߡ
ͫĶˡ

ߺɽѲߵӾΧҡ
ûᣬǾڲݴҵǰӡ
һСظ̾ÿͫʦָͫʦϺҪ㶫
һӿ˿˵ϴεĶˣεĶӸǼֵֵ࣬ˡ˵Űһ˵ͫʦֶͫʦֵǷϳģȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬿ôʲôе̾ͳˡ˵ˣҿͫʦɥͫʦ̹ˬˣҲɡ
ǰһҲǡͫʦ಻ɳӣͫʦ֣ǿ϶ͫʦֵĲԡҲ̫࣬û̵ôǡ
һҲ˵˵ͫʦȵļʦʦܵõĺôúܣһѽӡһöԪҵĴ͡⻹Сͷء
ǰĽ
ͫʦǿ̲ʲôҿ϶վͫʦֵġ
˵ĶԻҲԶȥˡ

ͫһµءľľظɽƽϣڸղŵһĻЩԻڲſӦ
ԭǸͫǽҳĶҲǽҰͽģˣʦʦ֡ͬžȻҲͳͳ
ͫȻЩã
ǰ谮ʦͬ𣿾Ȼ᲻ˡͫĸܣЩó衢ߵ
Ǵʦǿˣ׵ʱ򣬻ᱳɽܵġڣʦָֻͫάҳˣҲˡͫĸܡ
ͫҲɣ֪ͫͫԲŻԴû취˵ԼΪͫûмʱϻȥģ˶Ϊͫģǡͫʵͫ棬ǻںģô½ͫأ
Ҳǡͫδ򣬶ͫģ£Ҳǡͫͫ
ҡ
˸ٸ˽һ𣬾ô𣿼㲻˻飬ڼСĸܱյķ˽Ͳ𣿾ͷǵܱץĴϣ
ͫоԼûʶһ
˿̣ͫͷʲôˡ
µ׿֧ʱвϳֵʦ𡢴ʦ֡ͬԼҵӰһѵͬǰĿȫǡ
ˣˡ
ͫ˱ۣˮգ˻ȥ
ҲǣʮȥˣĸҲõˣʦֲµһػĹ֧
ôһ˲䣬ͫʼԼΪʲôɴɽµ£
ͱԼȥˡ
˴ѣ˵ҲһԸΪһжı䣬ʵױ䣬֪ġ

Ѱǰߣܸ֪ƺ仯ܴ
ԣе档
[磬˵һʲô]
ҡҡͷȷ
Ȼͫ߹ģջô룬Ҳ˵ġ


90 ϤĶ
ǰ, Ѵҡڵ߽ȥ
ͫع̧ͷԼĶ˵ĽŲ, аζӡ
ĺܶء
䡣
뷨Ȼֹ

ԭնʯ˸ֻİ, հ׵ʯǶ˺ܶʰ쵵ɢ΢ı飬źܶСȵͬµװΡʯøƷľϴ־ϸοճʯʱͬϸɢľΣʯмһ, ԭõʯ齵ûŲ, źüԱϵ̺, 仹¯С߼µȵȡ
ٳ޷ɨһۣԿеοʯܽ޷ֳ, ҵ߶Ƿ౦ܣźʵëƤʯСԲ¯ʴĹһ鷨

ȵ, Ķ
ͫĲ, ԭΪᴥ飬ڵ, һϤжҲ˵ǻˣȫǻڡڡ
֮ܶ, Ҫλû, ôסĵطմϰϵƵġ
ͬʱ, ͫеᡣ
ⶴװʦʦֵͬţֻһζû
Ϊôֲᷢ˶вƷ׸ߴ׵ĳ, ذڷţ, Ǿͻᷢ֡ͫʧǰֻǺܲ, ôܡż
ϾΪӲ仹ᣬɢ˵ɡֻСͫòֹһŵĸоˬĳҲ൱ȻԶġ
ͬʱͫеᡣ
λͫݵذЩڳôģͫʧȥˣȻЩǳԼǬǬģûټ嶼ԼĶԼȴô࣬ﲻԾ޿̵֣ľʲôأ᲻ᡭѾµʵԾ
ǵģѲ֪ͫô룬ͫҲ㲻塰ͫﶼɶ
Ҷʰ

ѷͫɨطͫ仯Ҳͬ
[һﻹͦġ]
΢΢ͷ
ֻͫѾ˺ܶ²ˡ
޹ؽҪѵǻҪ˼ǵκһ˵뷨
οͫô£ҲԲ²ʵ顣
ʱѵȻը졣
[]
һĿ⿴ȥ
ѱе졣
[磡ͫ˵׷ڣҸ˵̷ӣӦҲסˣҵúˣûסĵطˣ]
[ʯȻᣬǰȴסĶڸȥ̫á]
һ
ȷǸ⣬̷ͱˣڽͫͻȻе鷳
ٿһ
[뵽취ˣ]
ѾתͷѾٴƺڵԸ̧ͫ°ͣ˵밢סɽѾЩխҲ㡣Ȼ׷ңҲ̫Զе̯ƣһֻСͱݸͫⱦΪ޾֮ʹɽſڣŵİɡ
ͫסګګؽӹСͱ
ƷףҲס
˾ȵǣոջʱһͲͬһ
ͫĬȻ
ͰĹ⾰ֻѾһסˡ
ôˡ
λﵽж
ΪʲôҪô
һ֣˵ˣȳȥɡ
ͫĬĬسȥˡ

˶⣬ͫսѱգۼ䣬ΪһĴĳݣһֽɫĽ֯ɵģʽƫڻҪص㡣
ͫɣϳݡ
൱ģΪ㣬Ǹ󣬶൱̸ǣڳзҲԵ˿խ
⣬ﻹжط󷨣ԱߵСżƷԪʯԲҪԪά֣ЩԪʯ㹻Ϊ֮Դˡ
ͫ
ԣλ˭أ׵ı͸һŵġã
ֱͫҪܳεºܰ˸
ʦͬԼǸĺ֮ǰǲеϹ

ʯѿĻͷһڡ
΢ͣסѵĴ˲䡣
˺ǣһһӦǡ
ѲõЦˡ
[ͫסҪ֮ûٻ壬֮ǰͰ⳵ɡ]
[С⳵ôĶиš˯ĵطˡҲǸ׳ʮƷԪʯѡ]
Ҫͫ벻ȥǾԼѡˡ
Ѳùء
ͷܵ
üʣ磬˵ǲǸˣ
˵Ȼǡ
ѵ٣֪û

峿һҹû˯ȵͫ뿪ڳš
һؾһʱûӰһδҲôţǸɴţ
һʱȥһʱȥһ
쵽ʱ֣˵㶯
磬ʲôʱˣ
ʱˡ
ѹô
ϴȥ˱
㡭
ͫ˵ϸԻĽ
ǵĸĺܺã˵ֻʶ˸£ȴɻѾƵģûиҡ
ôţͫͼ˳
ͫ³ܣѯʵӿʲôԸ
üͷ΢
ͫ˵ҲǸģôĴĥܱܵڵ£Ѿˡ
˵ȵӸҪˣȥӭһӭѶɡ˵䣬ȡһӣݸͫǵΪ͡
ͫ㶣Ǻ˳ӵؽӹȥԼ

»û϶ʮиһĵӿ첽˵¾ͫʦµ̷ӰɣͫʦȡͺеģЩǣ¿ôã
һ˲ͫǰͰ߰˸ͺУÿһȻһˡ
ĬĬֻҵõǬڣܰЩ
ȻͫȻһӸȵӡ
ȵ˫ֽӹֺǺǵˡ
ͫĬĬ߻ȥϸĵذѲͺжڲ֪ʲôʱڶĳϡ
ʲôʱ÷ǷҪ׼
綪ͫһöԪң˵ϰɡ
ͫĬĬԪңĬĬæĬĬ˳˼
Ȼ󷽳
Ȼãôһֱλ£ͦ׬ġ
ܲôȱԴˡ
ǣͫ֡ͫһžжʮˣӶ׵Ľ׵ĶУûѴʮöԪҡʱҲû¶ʲôھı顣
Եúܳȡ
ҡͫѹԲ˶٣ȡһûõĽ׵ĸ伢⣬ͫʣµȫɨɾ
ͫ
ͦõġ
ģԱߵһ̿С

ȵ磬ͫڽйʱѯʼ۸ͼݳɽˮʱǰѷԼʲôԣȥ¥ʱһǣȥ¥͸ʱĬĬڽеġ
ãôϸһʱ䣬ʵϣһ

˺ü죬ͫһֱûмʦҲûͬš
еҲԽԽȴˡ
Լ䣬ֻ֮С


91 ˣ
, һҾ͵ı˶УװԵ鲼żʿĿܶ, ֻ, ÿ˶־ףƼΪ⺷ѪϢԣǶǱѪ, ǵ֮
ϼΪ, װм䲻Ǵ, ǽĴСȵᣬγһƬȺ, м仹С͹൱ǡ
ʱ, жʮ˴һߵĿյƳ, ǰǸ۽ڵ꣬Ӣ, ֻˮ鲢õģ
һλ񺣾߽ףǿߣ
ԺŮ, һһŮֱ, Ҳ񺣾ǿ, ̬ȽȻ
񺣾ӵʮ־ӣ񺣾Ůӵŵʮ־ŮӣҲӢ, , ʮ㡣
Ҳһλ΢ֵߺһλģ, ǰʵֻ־Ҳ־ƺǲġ
˿΢ϴЦݣ̬ȷ·ȽɣϸȥͻᷢʵΪš±ûη壬ʵĲ̫ΧЩ֡ɢϢѹʩΪܵķӦ
̧ۿ˿ǰڵ˵뿴ǰǵͷˣұƽﲴǳǵķҲġ
ӦһЦǵط˵һһſ񡣵Ȼⵯ֮ǵί壬Ǻôĵӣ
΢ӻ˵ĲˣѹǺεʧȥ˼䣬ҲûԿġοֵѾҵˣ£ѹӷǣȻѹ˳ġ
ߵˣĽҲǴûб°ˡ
΢æ͵ǣǡ

΢ꡪǮ౦Ҳû뵽ԼǰؾʶǶһȵĹӺͻȻδĹϵλӵ˵ãȻݸȻƵ۹ƵΪ۰
ؾǮ౦ΪаЩǱȻŶƵ۹ˣЭڵȴһ£һ̽ŷѺʲôˣΪаڵ¶ʧ١
֮Ǯ౦Ҳû̫ģֻЩźѡ
û£һȽƫƧķƹУеٶҡеĶҼλƹ߽ϻ죬̽Ǯ౦Ӽˡ
һǮ౦֪ǸƫƧǵϾȻ˻Ƿ߽ϻƵ۹ȥģһصȹƣϻӵ˵Ǯ౦ġ
صȹƣǮ౦һҲû飬͵ģֻѡ
һĳڵ콾һؾǸ͡硱ˡ
֪λ콾ĳ֮Ǳޣԡ
ôɰɣ
ѵ˵Ǹռѷ͵ǵȥˣ
ƹ˵˻һţ˵ٶҵġ
Ǯ౦ȻǷԸЩ˵
ƹ˵ٶؾΪ硯ٶҾ˽ϻ͵Ƶ۹ʽƵ𡣵ʱ򣬵Ȼлر
Ǯ౦ȷˣǡ
һʥ̥ǿ߽ϵĺûᣬԲܴ
Ǯ౦ҵ͸ǱܵǿҲ֣׺Գڶ֣ٶȸƵ۹
һ·Ȼķʱ䲻٣Ҳ˳
ȵ˶ƳǺ˵޷ֱϵƵ۵ģǮ౦ĸǮɽȴ񺣾ǿߣҪӼ滹ǲġ
ҲˣǮɽҵĻӾֻűҲȽϺÿ͵ķȡ
һǵ⣬ҲǵϣֱӴǽʳǣȥƵˡ
øǣƵȻԼǣǮ౦ͷû̧Ǯɽȴѯ˼仰Ǯ౦͸˵ȥŶԴ
ţƵϻȥ͵ݾӵȴ
û죬ҪǷƹ·ʴǰǵ
ǮɽҪеУܳʱ⣬Ǯ౦һȥˣҲΪƹܶ²רȥ¸Եʡ
缫󣬳ҲˬϵֱǮ౦զ࣬ʹĺ˵صݣһ뺣ܵİ˽ױ
Ǯ౦˴󣬸ܵ˽ױٶȣǸп
˵ǵԶ·Ҳߣ˽ױѹ˷ˣǮ౦ԡڶǿߵĿֲϢУʱ䶼һСǲóȻġ
Ȼˣдڼ䣬Ǯ౦ͷƹҲ̸
ƹǳǵϢǳѼǸģȻܿ͸˾ô¡⽻̸УȻҲҪԼ֪ȫ
֪Լǵŭɶǰ˽ױĲ㹻ֻͣϢܴݻٺüӡǮ౦ͷƹܲŭˣ񺣾Եˡ

֮ԹôãһвŹҲΪ;лѵʱ̫ˡ
ߣǵڶƵ۱ߺԶ֮ĺϣƹǴӵϸУһ˴иϵƳǣҪʱȥҸʵĻѾˣҲĵġ
ǵԦ֮˾Ϳ̫ˡ
ȥʱ򣬱ʱʮֹ

˵
ΪŪ־ɨأаޱȣڶƵ۵׿£˳֣Ѧ˵£Ѹٽ֮
һҲҲѰ
Һڴаںʱõ丸׶Ƶ۵ĴѶ֪Լȷе䡣ĵʹ£Ҫȥ˽ӻܷġ
Ƶ׼ˣҷԸ˵ʧȥ˼䣬²Ҫ̫ԵһаϲΪ
һʧ䡱ֲ̹ˣȻ̴Ӧ
ǣԼ񽻸ĸȥ죬ԵˣƵ۵Ķλͳ졢ʮλԱ˴

Ǯ౦ƹָķһĵ졢ͷѾԿһЩԼӰӣԷǿʮ
ֶ̧ۣһҴԼ׵ı˵ߣȵҴȥ
Ǯ౦һ
ƹˣҪȵ͵µԵʡ
ǣһױϡ
˽ȥ
Ǯ౦Ҳڷƹ£ǰˡ
ţһУ˽ױͻΪһ⣬ûǬС
ױ˶УܱȰ˽׵ЩȴҲϼ١
ᣬѾͣͷǰ
ԸȴҴϣһͬ뵺
Ͷ˶Ӧǣ¡
ȻһӰͷ׵ıһͣڴ˴
ȴ´

ǵϣɷƹΪдˡ
һжסڱеĿԺûǰҸϢҲûǵκһλע⡣
Ҳûȥѣ׼ɷƹϵ˵


92 ½ڣ
׷ƹ뿪һʱ, ھȰڼµĶƹ˹ڵΡ
ƹҲǸǳˣһλƲ, 㲻ҵ, ¶Цݹ˵Ŀǰǳ﷢ĴС
ٺܿ죬ᣬͰѽڷҪĴ¶˵һ顣
һֹ̧סĻ, ü, ʣ˵ʲôǸʲô˸, ǽҵͷǽͷԽԽдѹͫƣиģ̫
ƹһ, ΪʲôλͻȻЩˣܶСϢҪ, ԺֻܶڴϢ, Ҳ֪һЩ
ͻشǵġȻͽҳһ߲˵ǽͫǽ֧, ʵڽ߷ʹͯΪò뽪δͫм, ѡгΪǰҵֱͫ׽, Ǹͯҵж, ֮ԻӣЭڽңֲ˵⣬˶, , ֮Ҫò, ԭǣġͫҲǼٵģʧ䱻أǿͫ⡭
˵⣬ƹЩŹ֡
ҵ֪ﶼǸЦܰˡ岻ｪͫСӣҲΪ˷̫ƽͼȥȡĿǰһλǵûοǶͫ˼ġͫ
˵ףһȫ֪ͽҸһ̯¶˴֮ǰĬûȥǽѣʵ˭ɵӡ
ͽҪŪģҲЩͷԵˣΪܵĨϵ覴ãԺյӡ׷֮˾ͻܵӰˡ

ûпڡ
ƹż˵ȥ
ҵȶ֪⣬ĨƽµĿҲȫɡȷڽͫСӵϢǡͫҲɺܺãͫҪʼ֡˵⣬ƹ΢ҵ֪ǳУ²߶ԡͫкøУ£ķͷɱ²ҲϲλȿֺΪЧȻʱ仹ΪͫĺܶУѾкüͻƣ˵ʵҲнҵƶϣλͫ壬һСɽͷɽͷҲѸ֡
ʱɫ滺ɵû¶һЦ
ƹСĹ۲ɫ΢ɣ˵ʱҲ졣
λչ֮ĺΪִ󷽣ҲĥˡÿͬʱӸ߰ǵƴȤԺȴû֮С
϶Ե͵͸һ˿ͻ˵£ϲͣٺʣΣ
ƹпҵȴδ˳δӡ˸ӣƼӱչĴߣչӵʲô裬ͷһϡƼΪչӰζӲǡ̡йȥƤȵȣϼ֮֡
ˣһ
ƹ˿²⣬⣬λٵֻͫλǿߵλǿߵƼʢҲǿף֮Ҳˡؿߵһ壬˼ǿߵĺ󱲺ƭȥͰˣҲóԺúȵдţͷǸ˵̫˼ˣһʱˣҲǲܽҹȥɼȻˣȴ۵˼ץģѼˣվ˰ɣĬѹľˡǺεȵһ壿˼ҳҹˣͿôճɡ
ƹ벻ͨǣͫôǮǮػͽҾû˻Լûôġ

ʵǶƹԩˣһͫӱʱûƼ˵ĵҲҴŲǲͫǮʱҲûңûͫץԪҵ̬ȣͫʱýԪ˵ļȻǰǴ˼ǧԪʯģǻáͫһֻỳɡͫԼǮǰġͫпƵģԽԽţ½ͫʵ֪ʵݣ֮ȻãǡͫΪ֮ǹȥ
ȻҪǣЩ治̫뿴ͫҭûš
ԭҲû⵽ͫĲͬѰ

һ·Ľ꣬ǱġϢɢˡ
ֱ˵취ȥ壬齻磬һˡ¶⣬Ҫ˷֡
ƹ΢ˣϿҵ˵Ȼ巢֡Ҳȥ塣ÿһգչӶĴ棬ֻҪԼӴ
һЦСӣ˾żֵģǵʹý
ƹЦûг
ҲԼڱԹһ䣬΢̧һ͵ƹ
ƹæӹ
Ըȥɣ콻硣
ƹӦǡ
ͬʱҲզ࣬ԭǾ׽Ĺϵ尡οҪù

£Ļ˯
ԶͫһСɵڴصش
ԶտЩ֮УǺܺ
ͫôҲһͫûֵıݣͫ˻ᴵ⡣
Ѳ˰Ƥоͦߣż˯ʱ򣬾͵㼸ͫ
ͫʱԺȲ٣ѵԼãȻҲʵʵشÿ粻ͣһ㲻ͣһߣϼʱҲۡ
ͫʵʵģѺҲġ

˯һʱˡ
Ƹչ⣬ӦԺ󣬲ŰŲ
Ѵ˸Ƿ۳иվţʣ磬Ǳôиİˣ
˵ģ˰ʱˡ
۴
[롣]

ǸθߴߣʸһƣӲԵҪһЩüۼ仹ǱȽϼġűȽͨʵѾ־ˣȻֻǸմ֣ͨҪͨȴˮĥҲҪº͵ԴڵǴﲻġ
Щص㡣
صڣλɫģʵÿһ߾ͻڴͫһżɫЩʧõľϲ
ټλϵڲϵһ͸ġӡ
⻹ʲô
ɾǻûڵġ˱ںͽҵλδ񺣾
ܹԭҲӹˡ
ִȽԵʰɣ˶ûϳǡ谮ͫʱλϳˡ
˵ôϳģ
еˡ


93 ˮ¥̨
ʵѲ֪еԵ, Ҫ˽ˣͻ֪Ҳûס

־߽Ǳһ߷޴Ͼ, ӴΪӡĵ, ӤϹŵдŸšֱ֣Ӹȡˡ
Է޼ʱԪͽˣǿ󣬴һ׹, ǾȥˡҲܸж, ΪĹ, 뷽跨ѰԴ
ľһ֮ġ
ڿʱ, ʮȴѾﵽ־ͫˣֻøеԽԽϲ, ʵ˲ʱ䡣
ҲΪô, ȻֻͫôһѡʵϣͫһҲʱɱе, Ȼÿζͫ䣬ȴҲҵ, ֻͻԷŶԷ, ֻԶԶؿһ, һѡ
һ⣬ͫʱ˵ˣʦźδģ¶һҹҹ, ͫӦ, ҲڽԶĵطһҹ
Ǹҹ, ͫóһֻһΪСȻͫʱڱֱȽϹ°ʵҲΪģСϣתǶ
ҲǴһԺûлͫˡû϶ã˵ͫ׹µϢ
һСǣơμ˼ʮꡣҲòͬҲûһ˸Ƶĸо

֮ǰԵʱϤ϶ش׷Ѱ㿴񸽽ļˡһ۾Ͷڴϡ
Ŀ¶أ˵ӦǺܳªģҲ֪ôģƲߡ
ͷ֡
ܴòζİģƫƫĸоȴЩϤ
ָѹϵ̬żתͷ˫΢ʱģǣԾС
Ǹˡ
֪䣬Ϳˡ
šͻĸ֣¾Ҫһ˲˲ضˡ
Ҫƿߡ

á
ûһ۾ϳͫıһоˣһһ߹۲죬Ҳȷͫ
ȷ֮뵽ոտЩ˺ۺͫƵΣжʱһʹϧ֮顣ֻǴͷβͫʶûκȨ¡ҲףһͫΪ˴µ׹Ĵۡ
ЩڣӦֱȥġ
ʱ˵ĻһΣ˵ܻͫǻɽ±취ȥʱȴɽ¼ġһۿףҲͫǡԾһʵֻԼаһЩ󣬾͵µȥʱͫţҲʵͫȫҪͫûˣ͸ʬúðᡣ
ͫȻԼˣôҪȥǿͫһŬͫҲδػᱻ˳ӡ

Ծͬȴеٲǰǰתᣬ͸˿˿һЩãһЩ롣
ЩɢˣʱʱֻؾۣܹҲǳŸķȥɻ²ͫԵʣǲΪδ򵱽ֳ죬ǲΪʦŲƭһʧĻ£
Ҳϳ˯ŵľǱġͫͫΪʲôӵ̬ڶԷߣǰûǼįʱӣҲ˰ߵƵġ
ͫǿ
ʲô뷨أ

ĳȴûбֳ
ôšţ֪䣬صͫ˯ˡ

һɨˣüë
[磬ûϴɣǸͫ˳]
ͷ
ѣȻϳø졪ϾѾ״̬ģüѾˡ
ȷԸһ£Ȳôˡ
ͫ˳ӵͣ´ָ࣬ḧսǬ

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ӹɣ͵ģΪѾǬҲǸװ˽׵ĹߣǬǱҵ׵ۡ
ͷƷǬ䶼Уõһ˫Խ˵ģĴ඼˾Ǹĸ⹫˸ͶʱװģֻԼƽʱʱġ
òͫԺô׷ģ߸ˣôǬô׵Ķ
ĳθպÿʱѾֱӶͫһ׵ģȥ
ʱͫ顭
ҲеһѾġ

ʱع뵽Լפò̫׵׼ˡ
ûϵһɤ
Ǳߵվôã¶
һ㶣߿
˵ģɲбƳġͫ
ͬʱͫԲһѸٵֵκνǶȹķλ
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еЦ֣˵£ôţľ绹ǵķ˵ɡ
ͫͦģҲ׼ԼڵˣûΪ˵ùܾĲܣֻ΢һضѣ䱸Ǳŵġ
絹ǺѵİΣڵһλ
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󲽶Ѻ籧ȭ־侲ضͫ⡣
ѿĻ˼ûУҲȫʲôɬȵģƺʲôطδžͰţ˵۹ԶǸƨ
ô룬ĵ׾е㾽
ɫûгɣ˼Ϳ˿ڣ빫ˡðΪԼġŹӳִ󷽣ĳ磬ҪԴ˲ǰݼӡ
Ī⣬ɨۡ
ʵϣһ󲦵ȥ
[㿴֣ͫһҲңֱӾͽСӡˡ]
[ܶͫ鼸ˣϳ˵ͦĬĹ]
[˵Ļ˼ࡣ]
[˵Ҫ쵽ʲôѵˮ¥̨ȵ£]
[Ҫһÿһ䡰Ϣˡ]
粻ݸ
Ȼ߶߶û꣬ѵ˽⣬ǻġ
Ȼһۣʣʲô£㣿
Ͽ˵ĳԸɹʹǡ
⻰һͫ࿴һۡ
ȻͻȻͷתѾú˵ġڰƾʲô£˵Լ֣ѵȱ˸֣δ򲻹ѾܸСвˡ
Ҫ£͵ЧôЧǰ˵ֻоˡ
ġ
ͫӦǲȥˣкܴܻͱڵ״̬ڡͫߣôҲ桰ͫͬŵݸͫദһʱˡʱǶݵģ˵ҲѾǴǰ˵޷ġ
Ϊʱ䣬ԺͫҲֵõġ
ǡ
[ͦİ]
[ŵǱҲǸ񺣾ȻͶңǾ£ԺʲôҪֵľȥҲʡ¡]
[ҿͫһ˵ҪŲˣݵļҲû]
[ҲνͫҲܺãͷһ񺣾Ҳܲˡ]
[ҪײҪ]
˵ȱֵʱ⹫ҪԼҲûʲôҡ˵ʵ࣬ǰѸ˵Լ֣֣ϲӡ
һͷ˵ҾˡȻ䣬˼ͫԸģ¾һɡ
ֻͫΪλȥŶԷķ磬شӦǡ
һϲû뵽ôܶʱ;ãԼľٺòˡ
ȻѰ˸ߵһߣԶֳһӰԷûӽǰһչʾһ¡
ƣ֮ǰչʾһ޶


94 ط
˺ܿ˵, ֪ʱɷ㣿
ϳǱеһλõƹ񣬾ʣϻ£
˻ش𣺡ǵġ
֪ˣѡ
ѵͷ
˵˵, ¡
˼, Ҳ˹Ƕƹ񣬼ȻλǿҪϵ磬ôô˵ô, ˵ʲôϻ
ǰʱ, ƹΪ, ˫һ飬硣
ӹ, һ𿴡
ּɷģǷּ, ̲صҲ֤˵ݡҲܼ, Ҹʱ䵽ȥһ档
һʱ, ˵˾ˣ
ѸˣԼҲܸ, ˵Ǿί, ǰֶ, Щⲻȥɡ
һط˾ʲô£ðˡ㼰ʱҵˣҲͦĵġ
ӲٿȻһĨᡣ
ʵ»ͦΣյģԭ˵ȷûϵɷΪ⽻еĳ, Ҳи, ȴǨŭ
ǻϲ, ǽݣȴؿ
ʱһɨƹ񣬰˵Ҳýаˣȥͨ˾һٹһʱȥ
ƹæӦǡͬʱҲզ࣬λٵչĪʵߣͨɣֻǵǿߵļİ

ƹߺѿĻͫе˽ǰ
˸ոʲôص£ûҽӽڱٻŶһۣһͬǰ
ǫͫǰ档
ͫӡ󻹲ȻһʱֻǶݵؽһ£Ӻܺáһ˳ͬһطԺڡѡͬţҲ׽һ㣬

ǵģѵߴ˺ЩˣͫȻ缸νѡҲµ¹ԽԶĵطҲڴû˵ˡ
ͫɽм龰ˣʱνҺͽͫദҲʦʦ桪񡢳ûһϳ
¶˾ģ͵ͫѾˣֻй¡
ܸ󷽵Ĺߣʲô
ȻǾúøɻ

ѿǰġڻҡ͡ɡüҾҪ뿪ˣڡȻ˵ҪΪЧֻǵΪЧպҲһֱ׷棬Щ
һ㶣ʶؿͫ
ͫͲµѾָ˼䣬Ҳ뵽˹벻Ǵ½ϵˣûϵԷȻôֱʡҲûϵٸһѡĻᡣ
ûʲôԥģֱͫ˵ɹӲĸԸԶ׷湫ӡ
һ⻰ﶸȻӿֳһɾϲͫĲȥˣôͫദ;ԲǶ̶̵һʱѣ
Ҳǳϵ˵Ȼ׷湫ӣȥηԸΪЧ
ѵͷ˵ȻˣǾ͸Ұɡ
[ҿҪ׷ȥκεط׷ͫǡ]
粻ݸ

Ժеʯϣһ֧򢣬һֻطٶǮ౦ġǵϸ꾡ϡ
˵⵹ôҪֻҴʱѡ
ͬԺеĻжĶʮˣ˵ϵɱ֮ҲΪ¡
һͻη֮顣
ʱߵ

ƹͿ첽룬˵ȥӽչӲ鿴ʱչӿ֮˵ٹһʱҪݷ÷˾ˡҵʱ䡣
һŶѵļָˣ
ƹĿڵѹӲû𣬵Ӧпܡ
ҲûӶƹеõ϶ϢֻԼ˽⣬ô˵Ѿָ¡
ֻ׵ˣȥԸһˣͰɡ
ƹӦһǡֿ첽ȥ
ⲻԶּԼҵٶҺʹƹæְ˵һ顣
Ǯ౦˵λСˣ·
λƹȻû顣

Ѵ粢Ӵҡڵ߹ŸսУͿǮ౦
Ǯ౦ЦλΥˡ
üΥ
˵͡
Ǯ౦Цݣ׬˱ʴǮģڿԺţǮĳλط꣬룬롣
ѺҲϻظϡ
ܿ죬Ѿ˿Ժ⡣
Ѻһƣͬʱµ˾ˣұ۸
磺
ϤĻ棬Ϥ
ˣõĲ򳤱״
ϡ
Ǯ౦ʶȤԺ⡣
ͫһ¡
ֻǸͬǣͫĵףеΪǰʦŵġ
ôʧʦŵı飬ʦŵĽ֮ȴʵʵģλɱ䣬ϾãҪһ

ԺһԼõһֿ̧Լسԭµһֵǣһ̾Ͷˡ
ˢˢݵѹӣ
Ѱڰ˵òſ
ѵͫͫ
Щˣøߣ
˿̣ԵλߵȴЦؿǵĹ˵ڸ۸㣬ǾҶƻңȻҪܵͽ䡣˵ɣþ˾ôΪ

Ȼ˵˾˴㹻˹ɣҲ˰ɣ
Ȼѵǰļִϵȷûκβ֮˵˾ˣһ⡣
Цü䣬鼫õ˵л˾ˣ
ǰûž𻰵磬˿Ҳǰ
ڶӡܲҲЦŵ˵ͷ
Ȼڷѵʾ£Լն˶˳Ժš

Ѻָ˵һӻŴԺ׼ȥ
̧ͫŲҪȥ
Ȼȴ˵
ն˶һ㶡
ѿͫζ˵ҪЩȤ£ȻҪңͲҪȥˣԼŰɣҲΪˡЦһģﲻġ
ͫ˼ͷ
ֶ˵
һ
Ѵ磬ҡڵߡ
ӰܿʧͫȴڻУû̫Ӧ
룬˵ͫ벻عڵǡ
ͫȻתͷŵؿڣҲ֪ǡ
ɫشǰȹһȻǡ
ͫۡ
ҡʲôʱȹ㣿
˵ʮһǰ

Ѻصڹһ糣Ȼûˣ˭ע̷ڲأɴ󷽣ֺˬõӶǽӡԪҡ
һҹ·
Ȼ
ڶ磬ڵ˶һ졣
䣡
죬ڸ߿
˷׷ͷͼڵϿգһЩ΢ʹľ޴ͻأֳ
һ̣зӦĵӷ
Ϯ
ϮϮ
˾еڹڴ󣡡
ʮӰವشӲͬլۡб
ţһ졣


95 ž
˶, Ǿ޴ķϳһƣϵسΧţûֵܼһʱ, ͺȻը, Ϊ㾧Ө
Ӿ
ڴˣ˴˻ڴ󣡡
һ˵϶¶֮ɫ
ǵľлЩӰҲڴﵽͰ벽ǿǣϵɫء
ǰڵ, 䱾ʵ, ȻȲ, ʱҲһ콾ֻǺûܽ, ִˣǱѹһͷѡ⻹мλ, ķ, ʵҪѷɫһЩ
ûйҪԭһֱھ, ղʾ磬Դǲġ˿̻ڴƵ, Ȼע⵽, ֻҲɴڶע, Ҳһ¶ΣΪһŵƴڡ
ΪڵȨߣо֣ɵ֮ǸǾǺȻ, ֮⾹ȻͣһΪɲȻ
һҰ˽׵ľͱ
ײڴ, ڵĻڴԵɺϲŴ߽״, ǵ϶Ƽ᲻ɴݣֵܵù˽ױ
¡
һûڴΣڶ£赭дô󳹵ѣ

˰룬˽׶߽ף±һܳܣ˽ױһײʱֻ²ǹΪѶѡ
˽ױſ񣬷ⲻƣ
ף˽ױɴ½֮ǲΪζԷΪѣ
˲ʹڴĻףһֻصʧͲǻڴˣڣҪ֣֮
һڷɳڰ˽ױǰ

ͬʱ·ҲұɶЩѡ
ÿµı
ֻͣڸ߿գҶҪ̲סſˣ
׾ͽŴײ飬ǺεƷ׵ı߽סȻǰ˽׵ģ
Щʲôˣ
СЩϵЩʿ־
жˣüٸɡ
⣬ٶʮλţǻָ뿴ɣ˳ӵǼˣָǸʲô硭
⡢ǸǺã
һʱ䣬ڶĵӶޱȻҡ
ıΪʲôᵽڴ󶼱ˣʦŵĳֿܹǲҪһԿϮˣ
еĻûпʼ֮ǰڶǻţޱȽŵعڵϰ£Ȼ¡

˿ñⱦϣ־ļʿɷ죬ֻ¿Խѹü顣⣬ǰ֧µСӣԱͶ
ǰˣÿһѹΪֲǴѹԶԶʤص
ĵʣòӢѹˡ
ȡʵƣǸеģ
һʵʼλǰԺδڣкιɣ
ʵ磬òͷ
׷ڴƵ£ֻСشԷ
ȴЦһðŭ˵ںôĵӣ°ѹ裬ʱΪˣ
˶һ㶡
Ǻʱ°Էˣʲôʱѹ
ʣ⡭Źǵаһ¡λ
һԣ񺣾ĶͳЦλǶƵ۹
ŮͳЩûпڣӸµˣѳ
ͫ΢
ҲǴ½Ϻֻ֪֮ܶⷽأЩĺѡڳΪǰǻ˴ȥģҲ˽һЩĴ
ǰλȥʱ򣬶Ƶ۹ѾȻˣڶƳǴһӣ֪ܱΪģʲôʵ͵λ
Щǣϼأȴ¶һ
ǿѹסЩ˵£۹˵Զ֪Ƿʲô᣿
ҲģʱЦЦ᣿㵱ʲôˣ̽λοɲǶô˵䣬̧һָ
һ㶣׷׳ָǸ˹ȥ
ΪҪһͷİɽ͹һƽ£վһλûڵ꣬òޣʽģҡӣ䴽Ц
һλӲ꣬һλҳϵĻ
˿̵վλˡ
ǺǸǰꡣ
ǣ˿ȥʱ껹ЦŻؿ
ʣ֪ڷʲôΪʲôᷢҲĵȷȷʶλ۵

ô᲻ʶأЩŶ˶ԣ﷢£㲻ϸ֦ĩڶҲ˽ġ
ȻҲ֪걻ӴֱͷƭΪͫڼ˻鲻ֵץ飬ǰδΪʦܣʦһƭһԶĴѹ
ܣȻżµʱ䣬ȴ˲¡
˵ﶼɵ÷ŨŨĿɬ
ֻǸѰ꣬ʲôڼǻǸܶôġƫƫ
ô´һͷ𣬾Ѿˡ
ѹ֡
˼ҵĳˣѹҪ˴ڵ
һ̣˶ʮֺڡ
£뵽أ
мӼĳϣĺ£ǳе

˵ѣױܸ׺ƻҰӲܹһ˿ί²ⱻռѷ룬䵽ǵ϶ѣȻ꣬ڼֱ̫
ʱ򣬶ǸŮͳǰһȭʾ£¶飬̽ǽ
ȥٻء
Ůͳǣһתӱ۵ߣ
ʮλŮӦǣ
һĻ̧֣ˢˢسһλŮͳ˵󣬻ΪӰسŽҵķȥ
ͷһ
Ű裬㲻ǿ
ҲǣʵȻҪǿ
ɫӶδңҲȡǵ֮£ƾҲ䣡
ԶԶأӲ곯΢΢
ٿȻˣԳĽͫͶΪ̷ӵ磬ʲôΪͫԭѵδΪʧѶѹ֣ѹʮͷ꣬ʵܽҵŹǰģԭԭǶƵ۹ǰе֮ӣ϶Ƶ۰δ
һ̣ҲŹ򽪳ʱʲôֵˡ
ǡ֮С
ֻµʱûɱ˽ǸѵˣѾΪ˵͵¶סˡ

ʱȻ̧֣кȻһѳ
⽣Ȼնȥ
䣡
һ졣
ټɽ壬мˣ


96 ں
Ҳ֪ôʹɾ, мֿʱƽºѵǱ߿ȻȵǴ, һб, سǱߵȥ
˾ǣɽסĶҲպñһˣɽʯ, ¡¡졣
ͬһʱ, ƿʯбųһӢ, Ҳû죬Ѹǵɽд󼸴, ̳˺üˣǷ˸һɽϡ
⼸, ӡ滪, Լͫ

ͫɪض滪󣬿־زп, Լո¡
ӽҵĿУѾ˵ġͫͫ, ÿοԷĴҡ, ֻ, Ϊȵϵ޿ˣٻͻᱻҲ޷ţ
أ
Ȼ˿µıն, ˵Ǹٻݱͫ߳, ֮ϣ
, Ǳϵʵ˿ֲŰ边Ȼڼٻǣ֮ϣʽͫĿǰɼȸ߲㣬һʦ壡
˿̽ͫǵã֮ǰʱľ
񱻾ͫ塣
⡢⡭
ô죿
ڲ಻ʱ򣬽ͫһԺֻյ裬ųӣﻹԹߣ
ֻ޲óʧöƵˣ
ͫɲɵӣ֪ܲԼҸɵЩ¶жǰǾ˽Һɽ¶ѡ
˸ͺڼˡ
Ҫ֪ô¶
ֱӺѡȡ𣿣
ڣһжˡ

滪ͬҲǳ𾪡
ͬɵӣһ뵽˺ܶսѴ£Ҳ뵽ǸȥΪĺô
˿μˡ
ŽǸܶԴ֮µģʱһɨǻŵİѣߵײԷװ硣
Ҳ˵׻µΣֻ˵ЩǶڸطԪʯкüö׵ģ˵ЩϸĶסֻ£ѾԷסʱУȫˡ
һʱ䣬˶ţǻѺʦܵʱЩΪǵĳ谮ѿӦöЦɣ
ʵϣѵȷᣬôһƬ⣬ûÿЦ
ÿЦں֪ԼǡԺ

ڵ滪ˣɫѿ
һ棬ȴǿֻš
ոɽбʱʦȣֻҲɽҵ֮
ܵίͽңѾȥýˣôλֻζԴȺأ
ԷҲҪǣΪȥʦҲĶ֡

Լĵǣ΢Σ˵ԣ봬ͷϵķԡ
֮ǰҲһУʹûɽҲǻġ
Էɽˣܵһ衣
ԴΪʺáʵǿûбΨһź۰Сͫʱʱͻ
ҲԵʣ֧˴ӵ뷨ʧ
ţӦ˺üΡ
׻Ըϣϰ˵Ļ̻ȥûжʲôֻĬ˶Ĵѹѡ
û뵽ǣѲԼӦ˴裬˴棡
ŭǣνֻվڶ棬Ԩ纣òϣ֡
ҲԶԷܽ£ʹŵΣѹȥҲû취ڴ˵ˡ
ҪӣʱӲͷƤҲҪϡ
ǣͿ˵ֱɽͷǷЩ
һ۾ͿǸʲôӵˣʱЦ֣ǰԴ㲻֣ΪǽɾΣһ˶ûѾǱˣ
һ
Ǹ˵ģոյĻȻЩʵ˼
ڣһǸίһЩ
˵˵ȷЩԲסλӣôҲҴӽ˾ȻأٻЩ顣жйѵ
⻰һҲӦƺжģϾ滪粻˴λʵϵıҲڿռѷһ޷ȡ֮Σյġ˵һ¶ԷҪʵѹˡҪҲӦÿһȰɣ

Цȴһ˵⡣
飿׽֣֪ЯƵ⻯ǵʲôΣ˺ҵ
ڶ֮˺
⻯ףʵǸͬһ磬߽׶ûУȴǰ˽׵ģɲݺ
˼ˡ
ҪΣգ˴ԭشǽо֮ѲûΣգ滪ѻŵߣͽǿ°ߡ
ʵ˶ףû˵Ļ⣬̸Ͼ֮Ҳ˽飬ҲýƵ۹ϵǵУֻһСӵĶܽĨƽ֪ǺεȵȻ
ȻǽûУֻйˡ
ȻҪǻͷ˰ѴҲһӣǿ϶ҲôϹ㲻ǣ
壬ǳ²㣬࣡
˵Ǳ󣬸ڴһЩεĺô֮ǰҺͽͫصЩ£ҲѾְŵܻ˺ܶࡣ
ǿϣ񺣾ķϣϲͻȥ̸ˣ
𱸵ؿһۡ
곤ĳҲͬһۣźڡ
Ƿ׷׾ãԭΪΪǱߵû⣬ϻе㲻⣬ֻҪʵȥˣȻѹһУһµĸ߶ȡڿǱ΢ҲûµģǱĸá
߿Ƥ̣ԾҲܻػ
ֻҲġѵĴ滪磬ж˼ֲûҲ䵽ز
ԣɨ滪һۡ
Ϊͫ滪Եʣؿһ۽ͫ
һ̺ŭ滪зͬʱҲΪ߲ԼĽͫ˽ͫ¡
Ե߿ѽͫ¶⡪Ǹˮ
ͫ
ĬĬأĬĬض

֤𻰵ʵƵģϵ֣˵һƣƮһλΪӵĹӰУƿɲ̺ޱȰ
ӲʮӢȴ·һص˸Ųȥ
ѳЦü䣬ػ⹫
ӳ΢΢ףҲ¶һ谮Цݡ
⻯˵Ҳ̺Ѱ⻯̫Եʣȴֳܱڱ
˶ܿλƵεĴȰεĹػ
ţ⻯̽ȥѺߣ·γ˿磬Ѷ˹һͬ߿նȥ
ѺҲû˿η壬߸˵س˻˻֡
ƣʵǡ
ֵ֮ˣ鲢á
ر
һ̣·ܵ˼ĳɫࡣ
ͬһ̣ϲϲӵķ̧ѵͷȻһУһֲɵ˵¾ţͣΪ˾˵ı֡ǻе㵣뱾սһΣʤܣŹڡǲϡ
û˵꣬˶֪֮⡣
ϳĻǾڰɣ


97 ܶ
˵߶ϡ
һ, ģҲġ
һˣ, , ܹǴߴٵĸ࣬˼ѹ
֪Լͬض³ңҲòȥˡ
Ȼ, ֵøˬЩ
˵, Ҳ룡
һ۾Ϳ˼, ˼Σǲмֿ, ҲܲһεĽ
ǣǰһ
ɲǼ, ˾ͺƶȻ˲ƵǰƵ, Ʈ˱֮⡣
ͬʱָ, 赭д˵
һͣӿһɼΪҵķŭ֮顣
ŭ, ׻ôİ벽, ˼֮¾ԼҲδȫ޵ֿ, 򲻹Ҳֳķɾǡ
ûԥΪһ, ֱ
ۿ, ǺĿ, ͷȻаյǿ󹥻Ÿյ˷Ľǰͱһˡ
ǵģһ
ǹмֿ̺Ϊ˷ɢ
ʱѾûжˡ
ĿѵǸ
ǡ
һͬʱһҲһơ
һŷɳΪ˼Ϊ޴Ѫɫӡֱ乥
ƲǡðԼӡƵģײ˸š
ӡ޷ֿټϷĶ̫죬Щ⧲ģһƵ£Ӳرĵ˵ϡ
䣡
һ졣
˫ĿԲӦܿ죬ٵصֿӡͼ¶ʱи΢õ״̬
ȻǾ޴ӡƺȷԼĵˣԵ̧ЩҪɲǣٴȥ
ֺ쵽˲Ƶģٴ̧Ͱѻͷ¶˵ǰ
пһĻˣ
Ѻڣ̲סЦ
ЦȴڿлصţصڵƵģɫ

ѵѾͷŭΪ˱Լǰʧֻ̬ղŵֻѰһ·磬һţڵƵĳȥٴα
𳶳ǣǳɵٴĳһơ
ʽ¼򵥣ֻҪ˿סˡ
Ȼûס
һξŭļӳ³Խȫس֣ҲǱһķɡʹǵֱ׵һնȥ
ɶһֱɵʣǰɽϡ
Ҳ֪̫󣬻Ƿһȵ̫ݣһײ֮£ȻֱӰǰɽҵҡҡ׹Ҳֲԭƽˣ
Ǻֻǡ塱ͷǼһصɽʯ䣬ɽҲƵĳ¹һؽصѣȿֺϣʯ֮¡
סۣʱ䣬Ըʯ
޷ܣֻô̵ĹһϮЩʯͬһͳͳɨɳȥ
ɨʱٷǿȵ
ʱɫǷڵġ
Ҫԭеķȣκ˭˦˺üƺҲֲˡ
һЦȻеºˡ

бųŭһϣԪγһ㻤ףķڼǿԼĵ
˿̵ʽѾ
ȴûбͱ˵ƺģͺͬеϣôҲӲеķ֮ء
ƽʱȻصģǱκ𣬵׻ľ¶˲Сͬ˿̣̼

˳ĬؿһС
ܶ˶¶̵תͷԸٿȥ
ǣͳǱÿţ⿴ŵͬʱҲһĨ֮С
Ҳ̫ĥˡ
Ƿ϶ʲô˺ϸƾͻ֣ᷢĪڼαĵ桢ĵ£ʵûʲôˡλƵ۹ȻܽԪƵ˾ĵزԾֻպֲ˺ĵز
Ȼû£ֻǰѣڵ˵ʲôأˣΪѣ˾˾һһѡ
ˣûзء
Ҫ棬Ҫ־
һΣ㣬ôܽЩĥΪĥԼϣմ߳ܽһ񺣾
Ҫܲסĥ־ɥ
ôһҲֻ벽ʵľˡ
˵䡣
ôܶɹѹ

Ѻվڴϣ߸˵ؿŷһһµ
ͬʱѻĬĬظ߶߶߶Ҫظʱ򣬾ͻѵд֡
[磬Ǹ˵ܸͯһ𣬻˹ɼ־Ҳôͯ˶ܿϣָʲô]
[ҿģǻȥԺһ벻ͨġ]
[ͨҲ㲻ʲôҪбȥ⹫⹫ͽˣ]
[㿴Ǹ飿]
[˾ٴʹ]
磺
ţľͺá

һͷλŮͳ죬ҲѾһСӳԱһһ·ɣ˽صϿա
Ⱥ˲ûгʲôеģƺƵһ飬Ȼͬڱѹôٰ˷ȴҲƺƴ󡪡ǳǵһзɹô־Լµǵսľ׷׳Χȥ
˵Ǻȥң
Ҳ׷ʲô׷˵
ǰҺ񿴼мֲıȥˣ
Ҳˣȫˣҿһɨشļʿǵ׵ǿߣһɱģ
££һиڲԶݣ˵Ǳȥģߵ¶ͫйأǱߵĶܴ˼ҲûŵģԲöﶼеģҲǳԶ
ʲôͫӣƽλҡģʵǱȥҳӵġ
˵⣬˶ɵö˶١
ȻзӦģɵҿЩλӦұϵģĪһ·ȥҲȥ

һ˵ôأ
һҲλһʱ֪ôƺܵػ˸˵λҡӲʹɡ
ٴ˶Լ³ЩǿӦǲⱻΧ۵ģ˵ǾҪΧۣҲóڶ
һǿȥո֣
еӴģɴغѣҲҴҵسŽǱȥˡ
ЩɢˣοǳС
뽪ңɲȥЦ

һͷŮͳ˵ִｪغǸƢҲû
ڽðѯ֮ǰѾȵսĶˣʶȤͰѽҽȻ̤ƽ㽪ң


98 Ͻ
һޱ, Ī˵ˣǳУҲˡ
ʱ, ܶ೯Ҹ˲ɼӿ˲, ԭ֪ģͬһۣҲ׷׳߸
ҵ֣
ǿˣ
ȥҵ³
Ҫ֪ǳ, ΪԵ, , ֻǽҵʵǿԺܶ˸ŭ, η彪ҵͬʱʵԽҲûжٺøСҵºͲ, żһЩж, ҲõһЩмĸ壬Ҳ̸𾴰ˡ
ʱڶֻװ, ɽҶʱǻһΧΧ𣿾֮ǰҵֱץ, кܶ߿, Ҳ⡣ֻҶҪȥ, Ҹ˵ֻǲͬģǻǵЩ׼ȥġ΢һòڵĽҲעⲻЩ
˵ΨһܿҵùĻˣôҲҪ뷨ȥһ
, ֵ, ܶ಻ϵӿ˹
էһûʲô, ҪϸȥͻᷢЩ˴ߵĴߣҵĴңкܶ˵òǳͨȺѹûм㡭ԣǶ˱òġ
ʱռݵƬĵ̣ͱ˼ˮйͨ

ŮͳӸµظŽңȺ󣬾ڵȴҵ˳ˡ
ûдߴ٣ǷһɨۼΧɴڵصȺ
ҵˣȻҲװơ

ڲӵܶ˸߿еĿѹһЩʵϵ͵Ĵĵ־壬˫սսһҲܶ
һЩʵԸЩģ澪֪Լҵʲô˿ֲǿУ
ʶģڶӵܶڵķƶȥʱ䣬ܶཪҪʱὫӵټ
ҵϲ㣬ҼϺͽұˣͷ
˿̣ԭһġ
Ϊʲôһ
ȻΪǰҲұԵʡ
һȻӦǵϵȻΪܲԷȥԼĿġ
ҲΪҷǳӴҪԱ̽Ҫһٸһȷе
ΪȻҲҪ
ڲ²⡢ʱȻ͸֪˸߿ϵĶɲ٣ͬʱĺȻ𾪡
ķӦܿ죬˿ͷ󺧣ңʲô£
Ҳƣеŵ˵ҡҲ֪һֱؼȥ⣬Ŷٳûκˡ
ȻҲܲнٵѹж󣬶Ҫôܲţ
Ҳ׷ŭŽңͬ벻ҵ׷ʲô¡
ҵ桪Ҳǽҵ벽ʵĽ̫Գ˵ԵΪΣ˿ҽΣʱ̣ңΪӦе
ɫҰףԽ̫ԣҷֻܵͷӦǡǡ
ǰֲ̫Ҳҵ飬һץ𽪳ңʹվһ̬ױϣһͬ˿Сû취ԼնģҪǽ̫һֱѽץţҲ̫ѿЩ
Ůͳһǿߣ̫ǿаסеľκˣ˵λǰ֪ҽС˺£Ҫλˡʦڣ
Ůͳ֪̫ܲǵСƣ˵˾ǡʹ˵Ҳֻнңǰ˽ˣ鷳ԭԼҪǨŭҡ¡
һαҪҽҵ鷳˳ȴҲҪҲġϾûнҵĻƾһʲô¸Ҳ˿ҲҪζѡ
Ůͳ̧֣֮УŷһȻ֮
ұڷϡ̫ԵԪΧڣʱȴرһץ𣬺޷رץŮͳǰ
̫ͫȻ
񺣾
ΪԼ벽񺣣ѾܿǸһЩڲ֪ԭˣ񺣾ġ
˿̣̫Բ
ŮͳѽץǰϸشΪ⣬ڴһʲôƷƵġ
ܸ֪Լյģ΢΢
̫ԡڽҹǺͽӵǡԹ۵ĴСԼɢˣʱûзϢһĻ
ܶ˶ЩŹֵĸо
ڣʲô
һ̣˾Ůͳ˵ˡ
Ůͳڳһֻ֣Ľҵ˵òôҲôʲôʵͨʮĹ䡭һͨˣţҶƵ۹¾ĺǻѹӣָͷùӶ˵ţЦһǽҺҲǵ죬ҳѹʧʱƭƾ㽪ңҲҵŹδͷ㿴Լȵӵһָͷ𣿡
ʵԴƵ۳֮󣬶Ҳ֪ĴڣȻҲ֪ǰĴ¾ϾƵԼǰҵģһܲҰڱѰŸɫĲεˣǵȻҲ͵ġ
ŮͳɶҲǡ

һŮͳĻһ·£ʱ󲿷˶ˣٲֲ׵ģҲߵ˽˵ס
һʱ䣬ǰζӡ
롭λҡӰ
繫Ӳδ򡭡
¶˼֪δѹץδץ滻δ򣬽ץ˲δ򡭡
ѹ繫Ӵôݣ
ҪҲҪ򣬺úõδץȥ衭
νˡ
겻겻һҿ϶ˡ
ǣλŮʣһ㶼û
˵ʵڵģҲýұӲԶˡ
ҵˣ
ҺҵЩˣʱ򶼺΢
νҶҪùˡ

ŮͳһУҡ
һ̣ΧܰϸϸĶ
ЩЦЩӡЩЦĻһ룬ȫϡ
Թޡ
Ǹѳʱӣ˭֪ݣοһиͲǴʼģȺôˣ֮ͬ˶ѡ
ãˡҲͯģѪգİ֮ˣܿƵסѾ˶ѵ
Ǹ磬ǸҰˣײܸȣ
ǣٶԹޣһ˲ͻΪ˿־塣
ԭŮͳڳ˽ҵͬʱڽҵ˼
ɲǼ䣬һڲؾʹʱϯ˽ҵȫ
Ҳɲҽ
ҵҵľҵ֡
ǵģŮͳѹûɱҵ˼ֱӷϵ˽ҡ
ֻϵʵϣϵ˾ʵҲԳҵҩ޸Щ֡ΪҵʵҲ׶ҵٽЩҲϳôҲ޷ۼԪˣ΢޸ֵıҩҲ붼ڰ˽ϣƾ轪ң޷õҲΪһҵ
ԴڿʼԵޱȵĽֻһˡ
߶磬ԪҲȵʮ꣬ٹϸʮ꣬ͻȥ
ѰķˣҪ


99 뿪
ҳܲסʹ, Ȼһˡ
Ůͳ죺
⣿⣿
ؿ˽һְۣһ, ˳ȥ
̫Բûȥ, ΪŮͳεˣͨĶоһֿµѹ޷
ҵ׻иǼȻҲܷŭǵǿ, ǵ˴鷳, ʢԭǽҵͨ, һֻһʢ˵ĶѡοԼҲûȰ, ֱϵ׻ǲܷζȥ
ǽһԾ, ѽҽס, ֱ˽ҡ
Ůͳɨ˽һۣû˵ʲô
ԭҲýȥ, һۿͻͽԼȴֻǸ, ܸ⡣
ο, ﻹǽġðѽûȥ
ͽ̫Լ״, ﻹ֪Ůͳ뷨
ǷǵʲôҲ˵ҪӴȷһֱšԪΪֹ

ŮͳûὪңһУС˸־۷߳
ҲǸӢˬŮ, ΰ͹, ò, һС룬˵ĶˡɢȴΪǿһȼգʾŮӾǣ
ŮͳԽ̫˵Ӳ̸֮С˲ҲǳĹڽͷҲҪʲô˵ɣʮУǷǵʮбա൱ܲڲҰɣ
̫ȻȭĿ˵롣
ҲСŮӡ
ŮЦһһץѾһ˻ɫĴǹһת˴ǹͿش˹
˵һС
ǹ֮ϣǹŷʱͺһ
̫༱ܵظоһͷƤΣգȻҲץһ˺ǹʹ˸ŮӵĴǹǹײ
ǹϵĴΪң˳ǹֱŽ̫ԵĺǹһȦȦر̫ԱòϺˣ˺üʮɣſΡ
ȻŮǡ
ڶС
ûи̫̫ķӦʱ䣬ŮһϮ
̫ɫ䣬
ֻػ޷

Ůͳ졢ȫһĻ
Ůͳ˵һжϰΪ̫ģصµĶ֡Χ۵ǳ֮˶ԣǰ龰̫ˡ
ǱΪǱǿҲ׵ػ̫ܽԣǰȴΣŮͳֵµһԱѣȻʵ൱£ýˣһжûõؽ
οǺ漸С
Խ󣬽̫ԾԽǺˣǸ˻ǹϵë¶յÿӿݡ
ֻڲյʱ̫ԾѾû˸ճʱĹ˶
˿̣ʮйȥˡ
Ů֣ص˶
̫ǿǿسŮͳ˹˹֡
ĵף˸ղűܵĲԹ⣬Ҳǿ־塣
ԷһԱˣǻŸԱأŮͳ䱾أǰλܹյ־أ
ֻҪЩĶ֣ңĩա
ڽֻ̫ϣŮͳĳˣҲĻ᲻׷ҡ

Ůͳûٻʱڽ̫Ժ˵ϣΪ˸ѳ㵢ʱ䡣
ֱ֣Žҵլץһѡ
ɲǼ䣬ŵġһϵķ˽ңӲرץ˳
һʹȻѣԼڿС
Ůͳֻһ̧֣˵һѾ£չ
ڶԱڶ׷Ӧǡ
ţһȺ˾ʱһΪһĺӰڵķ򼲷ɶȥ

ЩӰܿʧڿУ̫ˮصˣɨһΧΧ۵ˣ˷˽ҵС
ҴŽգ˻
ӣʱǲ˳ˡ
˿̣Χ۵Ҳһɢ
ոտϷͿˣҪǻڽָָ㣬˭֪᲻иĽܳɱˣˣ
һЩõġġоñǣ֮䶼ٲЦңֻǽոսҷ¡
Ȼҿ˽ҺʧʵȴɨأԺҲſˣڻǵˣֻҲͶš
Ժ󰡣һ·˽ıڽҵ桭ӸˣǸڵĻ

еΧУ˱Ƚر
һ˸Դһˣġڵؿ֡
ֿ꣬ǶԿǿĳʱҲתü죬̾뵽˽Щ˿ԱڹҵЩԳΪǵġҹϵãⷽ滹Ҫģǻӹ󣬾ղͷߡ
壿
ҺҶãֻġ

һˣ̺۵ͫվһԻŵԼǮ౦ƹ
ԭڱеķģաŮͳ˺ХβᷢأǮ౦Ǹϲֵģͫ
֪ͫڻᷢһЩܸӵ£Ҳ֪ͬӲ
˵ͫѾ͸ʦʵǺ⣬ʦ˵ǿȡˣʦűϾ϶пǷûС˺˵УͲǿҲʦŵ֧һҪʦҲô̵ĸ顭ǺʧԹȥڣҲű衣
ʸֹѱûС
ʦſ̫ԲˣѵıȫеģѶ˵˲ˣǻʲôģһпȻʵʲôǡ
ԣͫȥҡ
Ǵӽҿʼģ֣ҲǽҲ޶ɡ
޽Ҷԡͫ衣
ͫЦ
ޱһ֮ҲǸرģµ׵ʱж⽪ңھжӶ
ǣŽŮͳǰųֺͫýҹȻǸˣĵʹ졣
ұֱһرߡ֪ôģͫǸʲôŧƵģٿȻظ
һֱԱ͵ͫɫüĿɣҲ΢΢ģȻһ˿ϲ⡣
˼粢磬Ǯ౦˵Ǳȥ
Ǯ౦뿪ѹǾҪֱˣλʲôҪʰģþ׼ʱұзλǱ
ͫϸš
֮ǰʵԸˣǮ౦Ǻ⣬Ҳعһ£Ƿʲô
Ǿͻ뿪뿪Ժ󣬾Ͳ֪ʲôʱˡ

Ͽա
ŮͳңңңؾȻܣ빫Ӳ飡
ĵءĴ˿ͷɢǱࡣ
ûʲôˣϸȥͻᷢ˫ĿǹǱߣľû˿ǰķɡ
ŮͳͬʱͣˣЦ˵ˣ͵Ϊֹɡ
ûٱɣǱ˱һࡣ
ңرѵĽűߡ
ʱ׿һ۽ңϣȻһ˿
ȻѾˣɿģȻҲ¶˳Ц
˵ԼͬԹֶԷ
塭
ǽСӴͯȡ
ѿˣü䡣
ô̹Ҿ̹ˡ
ͽ϶һ˿ͷŭ
üȻͷ˵ĶߣƺСʵֻҪǸĿ߶˵
һڼͫ˸Ҹ㣬һϳ谮ͫҸʧĳľˡһٻٻȴ˭Ҳû֣ͫǧµЩڿǰ˺Щ졭ûһϳ
˫ĿԲ
Ҳһʱ˾ʹԹޣ𾪵ؿ˹ȥ
˭
ţ
ǣ·һȺˣڽĽͫޱȡ
ʲôʦܻţ
ͫţôỹţȻѣ

ЦЦҡҡӣ¶ƺƺϧ顣
Ǹ˰̵Ĺ°Ψһôģǵ̾˿˲ٿ࣬ÿģôĶЩʲô¶̫ˡ
˵⣬ѳʾ⡣
ֱܶӰѻͷ˽˴
ſڴϣ˻˻֡
ҵ
Ҳ뿴ˣ
˵Щʱ򣬰˽ױѾڷĲ£ƮȻߡ
ɵò죬ѵȻˣصڵϿա
ڵˣ

ǿأȴûܽҵ
ڲýҵĽҾôˣиϳһѡ
˶š
ͫΪʲôỹţ
ľǸ£˽һк
Цǣ˲ûϳ£ֻù³ªûзˣҲûôܵˡҲǣǸ̷֮ˣôעأ
Ҳûˣһ졣
֪Լʲôܣ֪ڷһкͫʱ˵Щʲô
滪ߵ
˵ϷɬֻýŲޱȳء
ǻţŵʧҲ󣬿ǴӴԺҪԵĿһǡ
ǡҲܡ


100 ضƳ
Ƶ۹˴ҴҶ, ںͽҵ˸ɾͷҲص뿪ˡ
ȻЩҲиƵ۹ϵĴ㣬˵, ֻбжѡлǱ
ںͽʰ, ½Ҳ˷Ӧ
ӹɣҵµأҪ˥ˣڵҲضڼ½, ԺµʱҲͬ˳
ҵĳ಻, ܳʱ䶼ûͣ, رһͽҶûϳġһŵԻعͫ£ЦеЦеĬ, ͫˡٻӣ˸硣
˭֪ܲúЦ˭ܣ
, ڵ, Ӵ˲¶ɶŽ𶷴ʦʦô, 滪ͬչزͨ, ½תƵķͷȥ, ࡣ
²õӽͫʱ̫, ߶顣
οͫţߵˣôܲǨŭͫչǰѽͫʦţ滪ԸŽ𶷶Խͫ¹졣
ͫԭڶﲻðͷ, , ǱȴϰݡҷҪź˰ɣʲô˻Ƚ̹ͫأ
һҹ, ҵ˽ͫ
ӴˣĽͫʧˣֻһʼշڽߵʹͯ
ͶǷˡ
нţ˴Żһޡ

˽ױϣϣѿĻָŸСѣƵƷĹ
һںζˣֱ̧־ι硣
ڶ棬ͫϥţæµ
ͫǰһɢŨԪʳģָдСĵذȫʰ
ǰһЩǵʳģǶϵΪƷֵ⣬Ҳ㶼ȳʱɴ䣬Ŀ
˶û¶㲻Ըɫ൱ϸҲɾ
˱϶֮ӣǾȽ϶࣬ҲܷΡӣǾӷԸиӵӡ
ȻˣҲΪѡ̫ˡ
ϴ֮Ѿ˵˸˵Ĵ
ðզ࣬ͫ΢㣬ڳϵδô࣬οǻ׵ʵ
¶Լġ
Сʱ˰ʳ׼ˣͽԱ߼ʱ߹һλ澡
澾Ͷȥǳռ֮
žûʲôˡ
ѳԷʱ㣬Ĳɫѻָ˼Ʒ׺ʵģһȥ
ԭǺϤͫȴŲӰ쵽ĵطһ÷ȥ
ûãҲϰˡ
ĸ̫ˡ
жипͫദʱӣϵҲ΢׽˵㡣
С
ͫΪϳҲٶ࿴

ûԶ⣬һڷһᣬʱʱתͷɨһۣÿÿƼѺģͲɵЦЦ
ܰ˳ȥҲ˿
Ǻܰοġ

һ·ϣʱʱһȥװϿ羰
ͫĬĬظҲͬ·龰Ҳ̵ᵽ˰˽ױнٶȣޱȡ
߿տԭҰֹӿ
һи˵ĸоչ
ͫһ¶һЦ
һĨᣬͫʱе
Ѱĸ첲û˵ȴûϹ߶߶
[磬⹫ˡ]
簲˳˳ķ
°ͣ졣
[λػʳԺʱͲˡ]
[ʱҿ]
[ǲҪͻƵ־ˣҪҪչأҪǱչأҲҪһġ]
[һ˶ġ]
[㶼ҵ]
εЦЦ
ⶼʲôû˵أͱˡ
Ѷ˵չزܿġ˶٣˵ȥԺҪȥһˡ
ѵԲ۾
[ΪʲôҪȥǼҶɶˣòԣ]
ɺС˵θͬұԹȥһԺʲô㡣ֻûȥ֮ǰý͡
ҲǸˣ綼ô˵ˣȻ᲻磬Ҳֻ㬵صͷ
[ȥء]
ݸùѵƣд֡
գʮգһ
ʱ䣬öТ˳һܵ㡣
һԺкҪĻҪ˵
죬ֵͷ
[аɡ]
[ҵ̬ȺǿģҪ֪]
[ԽԽá]
[ҲҪҪȫ]
[һǰ⹫Ƹϰɣ]
΢΢ҡͷ
ʳǱϾܴ󣬾жƵڣǾѰЯȫ
мѥ͹ˡ
̾
[ðɡ]

ͫԶԶţ¶һ˿Ľ
ͫҲ¶һ˿Ľ

˶Ƴǡ
Ժ󣬷ȻûС˺ܶ౶ֻո˶ѡһҲͶ̫ӰΧˡ
ܿ쵽˻ʳǣŸս䣬ڵĵһǰͳһλǳϵӣ˫Ŀؿ
Ȼڿѵ˲䣬ͱºͣҲǴȰ
ѵķӦ죬̾Ͱȿ񱼹ȥֱӵĻУɤرؽе⹫Һ㣡
Ƶ۸ܵԼԼ̲סͷ
⹫Ҳѡ
ѡšţû̫ãǿƵʱɴζ
ƵҲϸɫĿʣǽģ
ˡ
ţ磬Ц˵СӣҲˡ
æ˵ûУ֮¡
ƵԵͷûж˵һֱԱߵķϣ˵һνƽò
ҵûܼʱӦҲ
µȥ¿ɱ˵
һЦȻ˵ˡ
Ƶѵͷ

ͫν𺳡
Ҳ˵ǰ˽ױԺǺε׳ۣҲ˵ǼΪĶƵ۹ⶫƳǡʳǡ۵ļŨԪһ֮С
ôظŹǸˡ
ԺŻ֣ᷢǰǶôխ
ʱ˿̣Ƶʱ·֮еİԵϣİԵշģһڶƣͬνԵ֮ڱ档
˾ǣǹѺͶƵ֮׽̶ȡ
ͫΪܳ谮ʱľҲһ֮¶İ֡

ʱͫѵһ߽˻ʳǸܶ໤һ⣬ȴѵ˱˴ɣְȥǵĳ淹ʳ֪൱ݻģȻȡõġ
һȾǴ죬ֱѲصڻʳеĹ
Ȼͫͷ֡
ԺȻܳ˸µŮӣÿһλüΪòҲΪˣһӵϣѺΧס꺮ůӹӡؽиͣ񣬵Ҳ飬ڶǡɾɾǳġ
ͫ΢顣
ҲĿࡣ


101 ӵĴ
λòŮ̽ͫ, һԭһѵĻȻʵǸ߲٣ǵ̬Ⱥܿ, Ҳѯܸõظ, ǵȻҲֵöͬš
ǣڰλŮ໥󣬺ܿ͸˴˷˹
˵һҪ̷Ķǵ, ҪѾ, ǲչ, Ҫǵʱǵ浽
ͫҲ档
˴˸ԵְΧûŵʱ, ʱûʲôһţôҪ𾯱, ԼҪҪʱ, ܻͷɾΪɾҪŹӡ
, ڸǰû뵽ԼĻôٵġ
, ⼸ȴһֱѵԡ
ԭܼ, һ֮ǰ˵, ʱ뿪ˡ
ٱǰҪѣʱ䡣
Ȼ򷢵ϵʱ䡣
ʱ, ûûаԼ˼֮, ҪܵƵ⹫ġ
ҲǶƵ̫, ܾ˿࣬ÿѻҲһЩƵĴСӣԺҪԼҪľüŮⱣ棬ΪõԴϻѵ˽⣬ֻѵǬ˽е˽ѡ

ͫؿÿĸԴһʼ𾪣𽥱ľ
ͫΪʲôѳôˣĶѹòꡣҲΪʲô硢ߵܾѳ˿ͷôġôһסЩ죬ɲǸסƧô
ҡ
ͫĬĬز鿴ԼǬ䡣
Ǭ͵ģǬһױ֮ǰĶʱõģҲѾ͸ĹһŸõģкܶԴ׵׵ʳġĽ׵׵ıҩ׵ĹһѶѵԪҡʮƷԪʯֵױһǰԪԪʯƷÿռ߱ʹʱ򣬵õʹ͡
ͫһҲ
Ǯʱ򶼺⣬ڸĴȽϹƽƩҲͬǬױ޹ĶһһľͶпܡΪõö˱ȽЩ˴֮ҲǺ
⣬ʳԪǳŨͷѾѸһԴͫãԼͻƵ־ѾԶˡѾ˿˿ƵԪЩԪ۳һʱ򣬾ͿԿʼͨ֡
찡
ܸͫоԼһһǿ֮УҲһĨҰġ
ڶƵ۹ǵȣôᣬܽҪ־ΪʲôߵأƵǴ֮ϵľ磬Ǿ˵۹Ĺ㹻ǿģΪʲôҲһأֻҪԸԸЧңԸڶƵ۹ŶƵؽ󡪡ϾѾؼΪˣĶƵۣظˡ
ͫƵǸ൱˶ֻ֪һܴﵽһҲȥǸʱ򣬶Ƶ۹ǿƣΪֲǸһеˣϣԼԺܰѶƵ۹

ͫҰģԼҲҰĵġ
ԽԽоԼͫİĽʱֵͫһȥ׷ѰҪͫԼҲԲ
ǧأ룬Լһֱͫңдһ졣

۽翪ͬʱ˸Ŀ꣬ǳг徢
״̬ȻҲŮġ
ͬʱҲŮǸӻ¸ȫ
˲֪ǣڼ䶫ƵʵѾѸȥ鿴ˣȷ׷ѵԺ󣬲ŷʱǻǻܵһЩصļӾǡ

յĳ˸Ƿ
ȽԶĵطͫݽһĳӣŸսȥǳˮͷٵ뵽ڣѸٵ޸ÿһ㴴ˡ޸ʵǴҪģҪ޸ģĴС˰̡
ͫȻûһ̵ʱ䣬Լ̵ˣ¶ɫļѸ޸ͬɫ
ŤָһЩͷͺһ˫ĴָžƵģչָԭе״̬
ȱһĶ䣬Ѹٵسѵı޸
ֱÿͻᷢСı仯ͫԼȫۿɼٶȱһ飬޸ɺ󣬿ٵرף
ֱǣ˼顣

һԵҲˡ
ΪӣѷԸͫһݳӡΪͫ˼Ȼ֪һӣҲе߾ûءҲǵһͫһ塭ʲô֮жûˣֻ¶ͫʹϧ
ͷͫٵػָᣬǰİ̺ͱһò׵ӡ
ٺʹǰʶͫƣӦǳ˵ԵʣǰӢ٣ģ忡ȻǴЩǰĹ¸ߣ˲ϴЩ죬ִЩϲЦ⡭
һӾʹġ
оԼȣŵæתԼ·ֱڵһӡ
ͨһһˮ
ˮ֮ͷһȵٽڣοˣҲʱƤʼס
Ҳ˵ԭܺڣǰԺڣϾǷɽԽԵɢˣ¶޵ģϵȻЩɣ
ڣˡ
գ۵Ĺ򣬾͸ɫƵģ
úܰף


ˮʯϵѣʵһֱߵΣ˿ԶԶȻ۲ĺٻɫ̲סЦˡ
˼
̧֣úȥ
ͬʱŮ绨ƵĴţϸϸ̷ͫϸһЩ¡
ͫΪǰҲܰףȻеסۣҲûôᡣ
̧ԼָһѾ
º˵Ż֣Ϊأʺλ˵߽ݡޣλƶָ¶һ΢ЦҲָԭķɫ⣬ֻһɫѡ
ס
⻰˼ǣԭ͸Ǹ׵С
ͫӨǺÿôֵģףʲôˣ

ź㵸ظݣɵЦ

Ϊ粻ߣôǵץסʯ齵ķ֣Լȥ
Ц˵ʵŻԼû֣ԭĹЩʺı䡣ѾµĹҲԼָеˡ˵⣬٩ڵŻǸӢĸӸأ
Ц΢΢һƽԸǱ˸ǣյĳÿ¶һΡҲݱġЦڱӵߣɲѿġ
ٸ߸˵˵ǣӽλȥ~~


102 ټ֣
ڵõٵ֪ͨ, Ȼþ㤣һԳͫȻüչЦʱ־úҲûʲôˡ
, ͫʾءһԼò󡭡ŷ, ԼĵӰԭΪְִмҹӵĿʣ֮ǰģͫ֡
ʱ, ƽˡ
ݰ𣿲ÿ¶
ˣ
ͫģ, ɵЦЦ
Ц, ˹ȥѾָƽ, ҲһĨȡǾʱôͫ, Աֳͬƽʱһ
, ˸Ц˵黤, ĪЦ磬Ǳһס
ͫһ, ǴǰûеȻ, ˵ֻǸ˶ѡ
һЦ
ʱ, ǵദʵѾ˱Ƚ׽ĳƺˡȻͫѾ֣Ҳһֱ¡ͫΪһԼ뵽, Ϊͬһط, ˴Ӷ, ԽԽǢҲĬһЩ
֪ͫͻƵ־ѧһźϻսʱ˾͸ְĴˡ

裬ѡ
Ů˲Χתøһж׵
ᣬѾֻڡصǳˡ
ʱͫҲѾ˸ķԸѡ
һ֡
ߣҳȥˣ
֮ôУһΪȥˣѾҪټ⹫ˣܲǴ⹫⹫Ƶ۲УƽʱǺܶҪģЩҲЩҪ¡Ҳ˵æ
˸ŮˢˢؽӦǣӣ
ͫ֪ϽҲһ䣺ǡ
ѵҡӣҡڵسȥ
Ůǽϣӵ
̸ͫͬϡ

г˱³ߵۣŮΪ֮ǰЩûܼԼҹӣǳóһ̧Σڵȥ
ȻŮǰ̧Ůں̧Ůһһҵ̷һŮ·һŮȱġ
ͫΪɴ棬𱣻
ͬʱٴθпλų˿żǵϵ£ɶãʱѹӿ̫˰
ǵЩӸ磬ʲô

ߵϺһȻı·עĿˡ
עĿԭ򲢲̧Σ̧εȫòˡ˭Щֻƣֱ
ϵ˾ôˡ
ϸһͼϿŵǸòЩ˻ҪiСӣһ룬Ҳ̫֡
˻ע⵽λСӡŮǣǻӣҲһһĺò
룬Ҳ֪Ⱥˡ
ڶƳ˼ʶ㣬ֻ΢ѣԺ󣬾ָȥˡ
Ů·Լҹ˸С
ӹɣǵһλġ
ͫֿǮˡ
֮ǰǵʱλֻһԪ Ԫʯʱ򲻶ࡣϵģȻһѰԪʯӳȥ
Ȼתһ롭
òŴСֵġ
ԪʯȲѹÿθ⹫׽õʹ͵ġء

ѱĹӽܱʱȻи˷ر˽
죡ƹģǰ˵õ¹񱸺ô
ЩϤͷһˡ
֣巣
ͷ󺹵ģ϶ϲá
֣巺ܼУѹûעΧʲôˣֱĹ̨ȥ
ǱߵĹƺҲͦϤģػش¹һƥ¹ϵļƷ˿֯ɣλѰ׳񲼵ʮ֣ȷҪȥȡ
֣˵ҪȻҪ
ҲϻϾȡһƥʵ¹ǼΪ޵ĺ죬ӨӨ¹һĹԣʵǷǳʺϸŮ¡
¹ǳѵã֣巳ıܾò򵽣һ֮£ȻûԼʧȻֵ̰ؾȥҲϽǮˡ
ҲʱԱߺȻһɤ
ţӲүˣʮļǮ
һͫסˡ
ⲻѽӡλѹŽݣʵĵغܲġǰλ֣ǼѹֲȱöӦᵶᰮǡ
Ȼ˾ͷ֣֣ӡ߿ѹӵòʱЦͬʱ˸ŮҲڴЦ
֣εѣͱҿЦ˰ɣǰˣɫɫȫľȱӣæ֣ɷнµԲסԲסǸոżûˣڿɲҺ˼ˣ
һ
֣ЦҲǵҼ㴩ֳӵѣʺϸ£һأûŵﵽء
˵ɻӶˣ
֣Ц㣬ش˵Ѿˣڰ֮ѣȻˣҪԭ˵ģδһμҵĳɻźá˵⣬Χˣҡ硯أ
ƲƲ˵ȥˣ˵ղŻİɣӦϵϣˣұܴһȥ
֣һЦָ˼䡣
ͫſԭʶģոյġᵶᰮ档
ΪæŸδڣ֣巺ܿˡ
Ƴ˹һۣھʣĳûλ⣬Ҫÿģ

ŵ磬˿ڶƳɽ
֮뿪ѣ統ȻԭġҪȥһЩޡ
Ȼֻ۷壬־Ҳֻһ֮ͫҪӽǸ硣̫ֲȱԴͷŻ˽ŲҪѸʱ亻ʵ
ԣҪԽԵΪǿЩޣֻҪıһҲкܴܳɹġ
Щޣ˯ʱûһʱѡġ
ĿȻܼ򵥣Ϊ˸ѡ

ڸոѶʱ粢֪ԼãҲ֪ԼСӴӴ˷ļϣһֱǶԷر
ɸ˵ʱһоͲͬˡ
飬õġ
һ˳˳ˮҪʲôʲôоеĶѣûг⡣ϸܱѵ⣬ڶ˼˺ܾúڵľ
Խսеǿޡ֤㹻ʵԱѣڻûɳ֮ͬУ޵еġս᲻ǿմӶƵȫ̽ӹػѵ
ͼԵЩϸѡģǻƤëڵ߽ǡ硢׿ǵȺÿ֮ȫѵϲá
һֱѵϲðǰ棬ʹԼǸʮϸĵˣȴΪѵ⣬ϸµϡ

ɽ֣׼
ҲԼޣʮջûҵôͻһԡ
һ׼ȫͻ͵ѵǰ


103 
һխɽȪǰ, ɽҵĺ棬ſһӰȻ, һϢû, ͺҲһʯǰ㡣
ɽȪĸľ֦ϲźܶγ˺ЩƵ, ڱ˵ߡ˿ЩҶӰļ϶, ûʲôϡͲ֮ࡣ
֪, һʱȥˡ
һֻ۵̵̽һ, ΡΡģ̬ΪСʱȥ, 𽥰θ, ųֵһżΪµͷԭⲢʲôһֻʮֺ, ݺ

ݺǳСƷȴǴﵽ׵, Ҫ, ͬ񲻿ɵһ, һͱӴʱǳ׼ᣬȻȥɲǼ䣬ͽ޵ഩ͸
Ժ, ݺͻѸٳȥ, üʳеľѪ, ٳ̷ۻһѪߡ
ݺʵҲ൱µһˡ
ĵҲǳСûһʧİգͷϵǸαװҲǸǳӲֵܹĹֻеʱñȽϴֻҪУͻٶȡڼ׽켣˳ͻ
ݺëǳֳһ»᷺߲ʵıɫһֽеĸо
ЩߣѰݺټ׽ʱǮڵȥƳɱҩ԰ߵݡ

˿ֻ̣ݺڼصĳѨոǰõʳ
ЩȻҪȥʳˡ
ɶ෬̽ݺȷ˿ΧûʲôΣգ˫Ȼ񶯣ֱҲȥ
Ҳһ̣ɽȪˮסһ˿ɲƿ֮ͬʱһѸޱȵĺӰױȵٶȣȻݺ뿪Ĺ켣ϣ
ݺһУͷˣ
Ȼֱͦͦشӿе¡ոպãһֻ̯Ĵϡ
ɽȪʱ¶Ŀ
θߴòӲʱһԲؽݺʬǬȡСӷ˷ݺһҳȥ
ݺѾɱֻ㹻Ϊװˡ
ӲӣȻǱɽԵ硣
ǰһ˴ʱΪܸ㵽Ǯ޻߲ɼһЩıҩҲҪȴܾãʱһü졣ڲ׽ݺķѼʱҲɣΪЩ뵣ǮƵӣȴԼԵı¡
ţ翴Сһҳޣ˼һ㡢ûĻϲõʳȣһԾʧɽֵһߡ

һɽɽϣΪխɽ䡣
ĲڼСķΧŲƣд󵶻裬磬ÿһն󶼷Х˶Ĥ졣
ϸȥͻᷢ²ŵĵطֻһѣ·ɽȣһȿգҪȥ
ͬʱ缤ҽսһͷĴμչ˫ʱ֮ŲϹʱͶ˼Ӱ˶УܻĿռΪơɵľ޴ѹ˴µӰ
Ȼÿһȵܺ˷ܵĹһǳСķΧȴû˿η壬ȴ򣬲ϵʵ
ϸع۲죬ͻᷢ·ʵ񣬶񼸴ͼ뿪ֻǱĵޣ޷롣
ܵģ
˲һʱ֮ãɫ΢΢ΪԪľ޴ԵʡԺ־ȴΪǿѾѹեԼĵزҲûзɣھڲϵطĴʹҲûӰĶ
ͻȻ䣬Ȼڿգ˶˴ıϣ
񷢳һঽУϱųѪͷҲû֧ţءԽԽĶų򣬺Ȼ䣬һֱɽ֮С
罫Լ̶ڵϣڴصɲǽڿһࡣ
ǴصĳǴŷĴһûиκ˺
ţԶԶһһ̡
ˣӴʬնǿŽӲӵȡ˳
ͦ˼ģ׽ӲӵëƯʵ׸ʺʲôװΣĽɫȴһԡıҩ£ԿڻɽɫҺ壬ȻֽɫҺȾ겻ɫҲֳǳĽɫ۶Ϊ
֪ϲڵġĶȻܴ
ԭֽɫѣ߶һ䣬Լһ
ҪҪɫȻѣҪһߵõͻۣ̼ҲͶʹãʹҲǴ沼ϻǽɫȾϣ洢Ҫ͵ȥҪһЩʱ䡣
ʱŮǾѾȥıˣֻҪȴֳˣڵĵصǲҪõϢҪ͹͸鷳һЩǵûʱ䡣
ֻһ˵ûдߴٹûˣҪֻµõȶ͹ʱ򡣿ˣû
翴ȻߵЧʲߣôɱͷ͸ѣӦһЩ
ټȽң籾ǷҵģѰϵʱȴȿȻǺԥŪ˵

ںˬɨ˴ĻԺܺõػص˻ʳ
̫ˣЩҪ˽صģЩѿſֲ˽ˣ׼Ůյ˽
ǣԺж˺ôһѵĶһЩǰŵġֿϵģҲ
Ҳţͦģ͸ɴԼǬһ飬װһװʱ䡣
һңѺȻһ֧ġһɸߵĴ

ѺȻˣؾŪģ֬
оʮأ
ʱ͸˵ģԼʮãİʮҪ͸⹫ģ
⣬õһŹ
˫޵ĹСͺ϶Ҳ˵Ҫùһģֻǳؾʱ⣬ûɡ
ŹԼҲûʲôðǿ͸⹫ӶƵ۹ĵ̡ҪһҲԭ⹫˳һݸˣҲԼ֣˳Ҳ⹫һˡ
뵽⣬ѰǱ˫޹ҳ֬һǬ棬׼´θ⹫ʱ͡Ž㣬Ҳ
ʱͻȻ䣬Խ
СӣæˣСһͬȥţ
ѵ۾ˡ
ѽպʱ
ǣæܹȥԸԽţҴҵؾżԽĸ첲Ƶ۵޹ܡ
үү⹫¶߿ߣ
ԽЦôôõӣҲ˵ãС㣬ˤˡ
ǻͺǸСһ
ںͫ
ֳʶˡ


104 ֺϢ
ƵȻüԽȥ, ʵҲҪһЩĵġֱ΢ԼС滶ϲϲرQʱźЦ˹, ߵǰ
ѽʱ򣬾Լ⹫ЦſԼҲüس˹ȥ
⹫ҽˣ
Ƶ̿ġ
ѾͰŶƵ, һ˲ǰ
ϰŵĿġ󲿷ֶʺõķ, Ȼֻʺ϶Ƶ۵ĸƷײɫҲ, , Ǹչѡ
ﲻ֪߸˵ؾ͸⹫вˡ
Ƶ۰ѼԽ˿, ˿ҲԸԽڶһͬ÷
ԽرֵҲͲ׵ˡ
ûʲôʳ޲, Ĺ䡣
Խ֪ѶʲôȽϸȤʵС, ɻһֺƵĹ£
ѾѣǸɵȣʱȤˡҲǣ֮ǰǵ, Сʦ֡ٴ˻¶Ϊ鶼⹫˺ܷ, һʱȷֺǸʲôˡҲ֪ɵôġ
, Ѿ۹ؿȥ
ԽһЦ, º͵˵ʱ仹ò, ֺƵûз̫¡С, ʱӦҪΪˮ, Ȼһλũҹȡ
ѻȻѿڶǸɽ䣬ˮޱȵģ
ԽЦ
üȻȻز²Ǽүүһǰũҹˣǰɣ
ԽЦСӲµǡ˫΢΢͸¶żζʵС̣ܲϧˡԼɳһΪ۹һԼһɾɡ
ѵͷԴ˱ʾͬ
ȻŶƵһ֣˵⹫ҿǹǱ˵ܳΪͳ֮һء
ƵЦЦ˵ı°ɡ
ԣôԺ󵽵׻ôչ

Ϊʲôô²⣿ȻҲԭġ
ʵϣλũҹϵ£Ҳǹֶĵġ
ٶݵһǡˮ֮壬ⴿʣԺܸߡ
ʸµʥеƣԼʱͻͽ˹ҲԶзмôֻͣǺôķͬѡֱܰͻһ󾳽磬֮ǿԸзʣԷԡ
ֺƸٶ֮Ĺ¾ǴֺƱٶ¿ʼģʱֺˣΪ˵ٶסһʱ䡣
ٶǶɽϵģĸΨһүүҲˡаΪʵԵʲҰֺҲûʲôġ
ڼֺòٶٶôһδĹܵס𽥶ֺƲ˰Ľ֮顣
ֺΪ˱Լʵٶȥɽ棬ޡ̫дˣһɢסȻʳϢɫĴ󷢣պٶߣ˾ɽ
һҹȥٶֺƳȬˣо״̬á
պʱԺֺƸʱ͹ȥˣ˵˼ڵʱ̽ٶٶҲɣʵصš
ֺ¶࣬ڵʱûüȥһܳʱȥʱٶȴΪѲ
ûٶһκУŵĺ̫ã̫زŻѲԼֲͨûʲô飬һǻĸǿºӣ;ƿˡҾ˵ɲɰɣٶãֺˣǺӻţٶʣ»ȵʬ塣
ֵȻֺʹ޲ѣѺӱȥԼⴳҴӴԺ󡭡ߵŮ˸ϧˡ

ڣ
ΪԽһֱ˶ֺƣΪ˽غȴʲôֽš
ԣֺƸøʱҲˣˮҲվɡ
ֻһΣûĸˡ
ڴ֮ǰԽѾǲһλǳƵĶŮǰȥύٶҡ֡ʣڸһеؽ̸ͽܣ˶ѵӪС
ŮӸٶ˵ˣúͽ̵ŬԳʽ붫Ŀ顣ʵҲûжֻҪһʵҲõһݹ
ΨһҪ󣬲ǶԶƵҳ϶ѡ
ٶڶƵ۹ôҲ֪ԼǶƵ۵񣬵ȻԸҳ϶Ƶ۵ġپʦһ̻壬ұʧȥ˵ʦҲһ͸Ը
ǣ»ûǰٶѾ뿪ˡ
ȻȻģֺӲ˳£ǳɽһϪǰֻҹԼġ
Ҳҹڼ䷢¡
ֺƻʱȷû£ֺԺ󣬲һǶУǰеķԶܸ˵ıҩ
ֺƷֱҩǰһλҵԼԼ޹ȥ˱ҩ
ֺһ΢˵ıҩû֮ǰǸЧãʹˣҲ˳߳Ƭɽѡ
ҵһ£ûȥŪ߱ҩ
ֺƷúϢһӣ̵뿪ɽ˵Ҳ˼ԡɽ·˻ָ뿪ɽʱһ𣬸պþͱԭٶʱһ㡣
ȥҩƳκãԭȥԺʱˡ
ֺֻƱôٶϵõĺôʲܳΪһĳӣͳͳˡ

ԽֺɽЩù¶ѽЩù¶һ뷹
Ƶ̲סЦСѣôˣ
ѵͷֶݺݵس˿ڷ˵ԽùԽˣ
ƵȻżԽʹ˸ɫ
ԽȻףԺڽغֺƵʱ򣬻԰ֺƵ֡¼¼лʱٽ

˺ܿ극ӣ¶صı飬ԶƵ˵⹫Ҫ͸㣡
ƵüŴȰЦЦ˵ŶС⹫ʲô
ѺٺһЦ⹫۾ѼԽүүҲϣ
Ƶ躢ӣˡ
Խͬˡ
ֿȻȻһ֣
ɲǼ䣬ʮһɸߵ֬򣬾س˲ĸ
Ϊѵһ֮ģ˶Χ档
ɨһȦ˵⹫үүˣ
ƵۺͼԽһʥ̥һ񺣾ôΪ۾Ͳ֪ΧʲôֻΪ˺庢ӣûпȥˡ
ֻǡҲΧ˺ܶ״ĶЩ¶Ǹʲôλһ
ʱѷ˲ۡ
ţ˵̾ϳЩ״Ķ֬
Ƶе㾪ȣƲѣЩؾõģ
ѵͷ˵ؾһŪģԼʮĶˡ⹫֪ϲԸʮأǲǺТ˳
ƵֵԣСТ˳
ԽҲסЦ
ѵ⼫ˣͳһ飬ϡ
⹫ȥ䵽ƻؿȼܸߵģмүүڻûа£˵ԺҲҪŶ
˵е顣
ؾöֻ뵽⹫ˣʵүүҲģԺֻֻ⹫ҲүүһЩҺεջ˫޹Ȼܾе˼үүˡ

С˼Խ֪ܲʵһֱûѾ͸ðҲϾȻ۰ѣȴǲ綫Ƶ۵ģҲ˽¸һЩƵ۸ĶԣֻǾţһë
˵ԽеܳͬʱҲ
ף֪Ҳİڿʱ򣬾Ϊ˸еͦǸģ
ڼԽǿɰˡ

ԽЦǾͶлСˣͷҾͳһݴߡ
Ѹˡ
Ȼ֮ǰĴ㣬ص˵⹫үүһݣȥǸһ˵˼ġ


 Ǹ 


105 ɽ
С˼, ƵվˣֱӶԼԽ˵ԽҲˡЦЦ, ʣСѣһϤô
ѺȻԼؾֱ䵽ǵȥ, ҲֻŸ⹫˵ڵ, ѹû˵ԼѦǸʲôϷ, ⹫һ, , žؾһͨ˵
ƵۺͼԽţš¡ķչ, ҲЩŹ֡
Ȼ˶̲סЦˡ
Ѷʱ, ˵˵⹫үүЦҡ
Ƶæڰ֣˵Ц, ǡû뵽ҼҵСѲȥɢģһһ

Ҳ, ʵϣֺƵҰ㱻ϵͳ, ǵϱ˵豻ѹȻȫûóѣѦһʵֻԲ, Ҫ˸, ѹһ㲻֪顣
εʱͦҲͦĵ, žٰ, ǲû𣿵Ⱥȥǵ¶ʱ򣬸ľЦԷˡ
ϾѦԲϷҲһλȨص·أõĻǽȺ˸ŵϷݸúܶࡣ

ԹѾû⡣
ǶƵۺͼԽе飬ʱôãô࣬ѱԲûˣǵһӦǾúЦ
룬ԻǸСѾͲһˣһίúܡ
ǣƵѵͷ̹ϵ⹫ЦСѱˡ
ѳ¶õЦݡ
ԽҲͶǸ
æҡͷɶ¶
ȻѸϽ˱ġ
⹫Ǳôˣ
Ƶʾ⼾Խ
ԽǱ˵øϸЩƵ۵ӬС¶ܽ
ڴؿ
Խ˵Ǳ߰ϮٷϴˣѦҲҪæµ״Ҳ˲ٻƣǴ壬ΪѦ࣬ҲҲٹѫѾǰ϶ҲȴˣҲõеӵŷֻӺСȻ˼йţʱﶼǳġ
˵⣬ԽСӹעλعӣҲںԪƺ֮ǰתࡣԭֻΣڵǿվˣƽʱֳʱҲܸҲкܶʱҪδ
ǱߵƣԽĺ˽⣬ŵļȫ˵ˡǸŵĶͬԼ߰ĸ飬ȡ

ˡ
ѦǸʦֻžУļһﻹǱųˡ
Ƶ΢΢һЦ
ȷûǨŭѦ㣬û£ҲѦˡҲһѦ²ڵⶼǳࡣ
Ѧ㲻Ժ󣬶Ƶ۹Ͳٸˡ

ţѶԶƵ˵ԼҪȥμ֣巻¡
Ƶ۴һӣȥ˽һ
ȻֵԼ⹫æҶ֣巶ԣԵ˽Ķط򵽵ĺ񣬲Ǻܴġ

紩У䣬ǰһͷѩɫնɱ
ѩҲף˵Ϲ޵ѪͨƤëɫּΪʵˮ֣ܵͬļ˻νõƤë֮һ
Ⱥ࣬ϰѵ棬ܷôһͷѩ׵ģҲҵټƳɽַǳֻҪϻʱ䣬ҵġ
ûþͷˡ
Ȼǰ׼СϣȻˣȻͻáĽ֮˵ղôһƤë
Ϊ˲Ƥë˺ЩŽɱñŷĵ罫һмڻƤϵĻѪɣȻʱû˿۸УϸȥԼǻëĩҴе΢˸
ǷǳòƤë

оյμͷʬǰһ䣬ͰսǬ
ͬһʱ̣һϮ
вûɱ⣬谭罫ʬһѶѡ
ȻķӦ̫ˣھϮ˲ѾպʬҲ΢΢Ų֧߿⡣
иOO@@𣬼µ߳һ˱칭ԣոһġ
ɫӲüͷ΢Ѹɿ
ҲûϽӽվڲԶĵط
һȽϰ׾겻˵λ̨ĶδҲ̫ЩǰҲӡ
ۿû˼̧Ҫߡ
иֹλ̨
뾡صѵߣ⼸˽ĿģҪǻǷϻǵٱͣҲȻûᡣΪ˱Ⱥ˺Ԫעѥһ˾ʧˡ
ļûôദģ
ȻǾͿʼԹҪҲƵİ׾ˡ
кҲ̫ˣҪǸո̬ôҲôߡ
оҲǣովͲһŲϴ
ӦþˣкҲǼǣڶƳ⣬˭֪ոʲôҪǵǵˣǳǳؿԶԶȲ϶Ƴǵˣ
׾ꡪкʱżˣ˵ҾͲŸոǿ˰ջ˺üſģ˱˵ǰʧҲǱһģȳ
칭꾰Ҳ˵ҲֹԷѣûж⣬ӦҲˣҲûлػҿ˾ǸصĶпͣûȤǴڨѡŲţһʼҺͺʲôҲǲǡ
ˡΤ衢ɾԪͺĲӣҲѸոյĻѹȥ
Ҳģ룬˵ȷܶӦȷʵǴ򽻵ġ
Τüô죬ң
ɾԪ˵ֻˡ룬ѵٴˣǵö̬Ⱥõ㣬ĮҲ취˾ͶǮзӴ򶯶ԷɣǧҪǣǸոܿʧٶ𣿲Ǳǳ£
õĺĲҲͬ϶ǽáðΣյĿʲôɲΪ˰ġ
кΣ˵ǹϻģΪ磬࿡ܹȥ͵ĺܸʱҪôԴǶ֪ǸĵܵܽѹЩ˳ֻܴ󷽣ҪĺͰǶѹȥϻĻһԣλҲˣǺò׷˺ʺϵĺ񣬽ⲻͻһų嶯𣿡
ҲεصͷȷǹģȡõܱҪܸ//׵ܵϻ
ڣǳʦδݡ
ռǶ˼ס
ǻټҰɡ
ֻϣҵʵġ


106 
ûаС, ϾЩɽɽ̫ˣֻҪ˦ǾУôô˵أ³, Ҹδһʱٳ, һҲȻ
һˡ޳ʱ, οĺö࣬͸η塣
Ǹ׼Ҫ
, 簴ԭļƻ, ʼѰҾȸ
ֿȸȼߵʱĺβɫһ˹ͲĹ, ǵʱ, βɫ󱥺Ͷ, 亱, һͻƵ, ͱɺڿȸˡץʱźá

һɽꡣ
ȸᵽζ, ϶ʱ¶ѵ顣
ȻԴһ˻Σȶſĳ, Ȼֱɽĳȥ
ȸһȴΪײе, ϲľζ, ֻҪǳ, ᱻϮ̳ԡ
ҲܴܵľۼءȥΪ֪ǿ, һСľͻΪζû
ҲΪ, ûʲôǿ߻ȥΧ˾ȸ
ë⡣

кɽ˺üȦ, Ե˼ֻƤëǡãǳ⣬ûʲôĶ
ǶЩƤë⣬ƷʲãǲҲĽףٺÿҲԾˣóȥͨǹˣΪһδϵĺ񣬾ͱȽϱ
ϧ˵ʵҲǸС֮ӶѣɽҲǺΣյģһЩԶԶܲϢĵطǲҽӽġ
ΪֹջЩʧġ
кĲʹ졣
ҲǼĹӸ磬ҪΪˣܵôΣյĵطǸ־ʵһЩҪ룬ֻҪͬĽϻΤ;ǰˣǻС£ٵϻǰһ״Ҫ
ǵģϻ˵кΤ;ϻѵɾԪϻ׵ܵܿǺĲɾԪֶԺĲЩ㺡
һ£һˡ

кʱ򣬺Ȼһ·ͻȻ
֮ģɾԪк㣡
кʧɫܵش˸ѾˣȱһֻצȻץʱһⱻǱѺˣ¾Ͳ˺ˣԴץ
໣кһʹˣ
ͬʱеӵɾԪĲֱֳУڸʲôɱΤкԱܣֳֹɾԪͺĲй
˶һɱüεģڵǻĬ
кȾʹޱȣ۵ͷ󺹣Τۼֿضס죬ֻѾˡֻʱҽˡ
Τҧгݵѹ˵Ҫǿȸעˣţҹȥæ˵䣬ȡһƿк˵ģ˾ͱˣ
кŽӹϽﵹ
Τ⣬ǰæ
ΤɾԪĲʲô飬αģͷֻһ˻ȥ⼸˶⣬ֻΤҾҪùˣ
٣취üҾõɾԪ
ܿ죬Τ뵽ս֮С

˶սģǾȸ
ʲǽӽ˾ȸڵɽ꣬ȸᵽζֱ˶պǵʵҲʮǿ󣬿ȸͰǵ
ΪкϢȸȻϮⲻΪɾԪѣȸصһѸٳԵˡ
ţȸж
ɾԪȼ֪Լܲ뷽跨ҪԾȸ˺κȸﵽףǼܶԿġ
ᣬ˷ǵû˵ȸٶʧһЩѪ⡣
ɾԪüͷɫأ˵ãȥǶҪλʲôֶܾΣҪʹǣҪٲҴˣ
ĲȷӦóһ׵ľӣѸٶȸ
ȸƻúܣԸͺɣֻǾһһ߳Իĸѣᱻ⾪˵ɴڿն𣬾ͱܿ˾ӡ
Ȼ󡰺䡱һ죬ӰѺɽըһƬȴ˿û˵ȸ
ȸܿ¶һ˿£žûˣ˼¡
ģǺĲ
ɾԪ״ͫȻæȥˡ
ȸɾԪĶ͵ػͷѸٳɱ
Ĳ㿪˹ӦɾԪΪԶѾæˣʵЩĸû취ϧ˲˾ȸһ
ۿɾԪҪȸ̳ԣͻȻ䣬һΪϬĵâӲٵնȸĲ
ȸС۾һɣ⵶âеΣգҪͨɶ㿪â˳㿪ˣǵâƲ׼Ķ򣬾ȻһâǸʱİ߳
군
ȸģɲˡ
һ̣һλᵶͿֳ֣صѸն
ֻգ۵ĹѾӰγһ㣬ʹ˽ȸ˷ȫס֮ⷽء
ǰ׺ɾԪ˶޲ߵľȸ⵶͵ĵ¾ͺײŪѾˡ
ϸвѪŷ֮£˸ƹԡ
ɾԪ˿ˣҲϳڿݵģǲǰǸռǸˣ
кȳȣȴ˸˵ǡҪҪȥæ
һºɱ˾ȸҲԷһ
ղűɾԪšüܾںʲôڹȥǰæ˼ҵսƷк˶ɵˡ
кЩޣۼ⼸Ҳ¶ͬɫҲͲٶ໰ˡ

Ȼɣʵ۷ˣҲԼҪ־Ը׵ݣҪǸ֮ǰһΪƤëţȻҪ໨һ㹤򣬿εľȸβͬʱиԣǵѪմҲ˵ѪҲ˳βȥҲβòġ
ôһǴ󿪴ϣֻܰȸ˾ǡ
ǰҲһյʱ䣬Ѿȸɱˡ
ȸû뵽ԼôǰҲΪڡ
Ҫ֪ᱻնɱ˾ܡôֻʵˡ
ϧȸǴͷǷ̰ԵĴ

˴ľȸûҵϸѰȸټСѰҵķΧŵ˸ԶԶ߾ӱըϼѥżظϵҸպ÷־ȸҪˡ
ôͬΪ壬Ȼ˳ְ˾ҲûȥʲôˣͱžȸȥˡڸȸɱʱҲн䱸Χֶ⡣
Һû⣬ҲذѿȸʬЩβܵõȻȥԺٰë١
ۿνžҪߣɾԪæȥ˵лλ̨ľ֮ɾԪһЩ񣬻Цɡ
񡱣Żعͷ
Ҳʱŷ֣֮ǰļˡ
ͬһʱ̣Ȼ
ɾԪ֣е죿


107 ûϷݣ
Ȼ·һ, Ȼһι¡
롣
һﲻǸϻĺ֮һ𣿶ùߵǸ

ĴϵͳƬ֪ڵļУɼ֮һ, һ塣ܶǳСͻͬ, ɼҺͺ, ˴˽þѵȷҪصġΪ̳˴ڵλӵܵĻ, ôǾҪһȥ˴˵Ľ顣
һҪĶԭ, ɾԪһСĲġ
˱ųȥʱ, պøҵϻˡ
ϻ˵ܲΪʵ˽ܶҲһͬСΪϻʵҪһЩɾԪͺĲΪչϻ, ˫Ҳ, , ɾԪĲĽȷˣҲϻ㺡
Ϊ˼Ľ, ҲΪ˱˴˵꣬ټɾԪͺĲǺ԰ˣûл, Ǳ˴˽̸, ϻѡ񡪡Ȼ, ܾҲУ˿ѡ׷߷
ϻѡɾԪ
Ȼ, Ĳͺзȵ˳, ɾԪϻʼദ
ûгĻ, ϻļɼңʵҲɼңпǼɼңΪɾԪɾԪǲֱʽǾͿɾԪϻԼˡ
Ȼƫƫͳ⡣

ϻԶԶֹɾԪһ׷ߣɾԪˣҲвϷġͱкΤ裬ǰʵеڼܳ谮츳ڼͬܵġ
˫ҲǻΧϻߣҲÿÿڡɾԪرȽϿûȥ谭ϻѣҲ˼ֻҪϻûб˼ʱԺкΤҲִ֪磬ǳԺİĽȻͻˣľֻ֮Ľˡ
ȻкҪһԭǣϻѾɾԪɽˡϻԸɾԪȻϻԼԵʣҲϻ༸ΣĹ˶ԷһƬ顣
ɾԪѾô㣬һҪͻƣϻһͬеİ¾͹ˣûʲô˼ںԺϡ֮ıܺãֵܵĺֱѡҲ
ɾԪһͻҪչʱϻȥȴΪжʧǣʱպΤڸһʱûסĽ֮飬ͺƭϻ
ϻҲǡִࡱֱΤĻԣΤԼİˡⶾպҪӵġ⣬˳µظΤһ𣬹ԺͻָǣΤ衣
ʱϻͷǳŭΪΤǳ֮Σ
Τرף˵Լ鲻Խ¶˺ܶԼ֮ǰʹ˵˺ܶɾԪϻĵط
ţϻŭ𽥽һЩ
ǰΤĺܰҲܲףȻˣǲԭµġ
ã¡
͵һûз
ϻصɾԪߣɾԪغ󣬶ɾԪϲˡ
ΤҲǻϻߣʱʱ͸¶̵⣬ϻģҲż
һξƺΤ豧ϻҶֶţϻĺһûΤĻֹһء
֮һжж
ϻǾܾΤģɾԪϺģÿγطϻʵûнд衢ȷǺľګֺܲأ
Ȼϻ͸ܾΤˡ
һηʱкˣкˮвϻ˵ΪʲôΤȴУҲУôһɢɾԪ֪£
ɾԪļͬһ㣬ҺΤҶԶԶ磬ϻűԼɵܵܵкôѹҲĲ̡
ǹȥһ
Ƕ̶ʱ䣬ɾԪͷϾñӡ
ɾԪһαճصʱϻΤ衢кͬȥˣʧɢϻ߻ħ˸ӣֱͬһӣڳǡڸڳǡڸڸڳǵţΪղܡ˶֪˴˵ĴڣֻΪǸֻ꣬á
֮ϻõһĵرָԼ֮ǰˣоܲ˶ҹ˵ԼżΪŭ޷θ顣
ǵ顭
ϻ̹+1
ϻ̹+1
ϻ̹+1
ܺãɾԪصʱ򣬾ͷԼ嶥ñӡ
Ϊʲô֣ᷢ
ҲʧȥϻȻǰ̹ס
ɾԪµģǺĲ

Ȼϻй飬ĲɾԪһĴ󣬾ҲΪͻƶչأʵɾԪһ˿Ҳһ˿ĲչҪһЩסɾԪ£ûס
ĲһЩ˿Ҳֲھˣϸֶҵ֤ݣŰȷ
úĲ벻ǣñӾȻһδӣһǲѡԭµģôôκôඥñ˵ϻıˡ
һ̣Ĳޱȸӡ
ãɾԪΪ˸٣˶λֵ֮ͬ࣬Ҳоһ˿Ρ
ˣʹù˵鰮֮²׵е˼ҺԺɣĲһᣬԼ鵽ԼΪʲô顢ȥͳͳɾԪ
ɾԪ
ںĲƷɾԪεģɾԪֵһ˵ͻɰ˵ˣںĲİ£Ҳϸ۲ϻߵġǡ
һ۲죬ɾԪŭˡ
߻ŵġֵˣȫͷЩͷÿϻɽֹһˣ
ɾԪϻʽ£ֻһζѡ
ס
߻ħˡ׼ĺĲʱιһҩ֭Ļ
Ҳ֪ʱǱס˻ǽϾֻޣɾԪ͵Լû֣һ߸ϻһ߸ԼС檡
ұʾ岻ͬһӣϻôôӦûİɣ˺ӣȢϻţͻЭˣϻλıơ
ʵϣɾԪΪ¶ǵ£ҵνС檸
֪һеĺĲ
£ҲûҪ
ɾԪҲֻκĲˣĲȥΣǳȥɾԪѰϰıҩȥˡ

ϻԼĹ֪ǵһƬ飬ǶɾԪռͦǿģɾԪն檣ϻ̫ѹˣ̫ˡ֪һᰲοԱ˴ͬˣ
ٺϻʧˣ⣬һĳǳأĳͬǵšҵĺҲǺĲһȽϳɫܡ
ܶϻ۲һƭϻԼİˣһȥʯָıҩ
ɾԪñӣˡ


108 ع
һһñ, ɾԪҲԺּһָС檶ѡǰЩСûȻҪͣҸϻһȺ, Ȼˡûԭ
Ȼ, Ҳпˡھпȵȣ֮ȫԱϹӡ
ٺ, ñҲûֹͣ, ϻֳʲô¡ʲôҩԺģ½½, ɾԪԺС檶ʮλ, ñ, ȻҲѾҹ̶ľͶʮ嶥ˡ
ΪԵ, ɾԪʵûô, νһչؾĸꡣ
ò˵ĲǸøǣҩÿҵ˾ͻһΡɾԪЩñӵڼ, ѾɾԪ͹ҩˣ
ֻϧÿɾԪе㱻øǵⰲοټϱҩûָһʱñӾͶϼ, ²鷴
Ĳ
ˣɾԪҪҪһȥɡ

ɾԪԥؾ͸Ĳһȥ, Ǳ, ԼҲԼڼ, һߴñһһĽһ߻Ϸ, ˶е㲻Ծ, ȥһ, ˵ͺأ
Ȼ뿪, ûأɾԪȴͺĲһˡ
˭ˣ
ȻǱϻͷˡ
Ϊʲô
ΪɾԪ̫ϻˣͷǾҪΪϻ
ڸԭ
ΪԴװɡ
ϾʽֵľֻɾԪһѡ

ֱȽϲҡ
ɾԪͺĲʵǱȽϸߵģΪɾԪ۶ĲΪҩԵʣĲϣǱɾԪһ㡣
˺ǹʮˣмûɱһ룬ֻʣĸѣɺĲȴΪ˱ɾԪˡ
ɾԪޱȷŭһ˲·ƵģϻҲ˶⡣
ʣĸͷɾԪ׺ݵӣ⣬ûмɾԪƴɱ
ɾԪˣ˼ǡ
ϻ֪ͷɾԪ˺ɱô󣬺ʹȥɾԪΪʲôҪɱġѡвԵĵطѵܿ
ɾԪʾܡ
ϻ˺ƤҪΪֵܱ

¾Ȼˡ
ΪĲûˣϻһĺһƵɾԪϣϺΪ˽ļ̳ˣҺɼҵĹϵý
ɾԪʼϻһȺˣϻĺԺֶ˺ܶµĳԱɾԪ˸࡭ԣѾ̸ֿǸɾԪñˡ
ˡ
ɼҵ˵֪ԭҲ֧ɾԪΪ
󡭡
ϻӮˣɼˣɾԪ;ƿˡ
ϻһȺ˳ɾͶ֮ˡ
ùߵɾԪҲͦ޹ĺĲֵǰűȪˡ

ʯ֮䣬ѡ¡һ顣
Ȼ΢ûбֳֻʵҪʲô񣿡
ɾԪһ㶣û뵽˻ػȻһ
ûϵǳڸм֮ĽסԷģҪͶ
Ѹ˵֪ʲôĶʺ϶ˣĳţֱͶһЩԪңı⡣
ֵɡ
ɾԪҭҭԾɿٶȡһֻǬγϵ˽һԪҡ
ȻǾ֮ȻҪȫ͸ˡ
һ֪ɾԪˡ
Ǹߣ³ԴңһóһԪңҲǺظл
£̧Ҫߡ
ʱ򣬺ĲҲ̳ҪӦҪλȣȫҪھȸġ
ͣ½Ų˺ĲһԪҡ
Τ;Ҳòмˣ׷׸ԪҸлǳ־ûɾԪͺĲ󷽣Ҳûġ
ˣÿ˸ǧԪҶѡ
Ҳû١
ΨкΪԼȱԵʣǵûʲôл񣬷ЩӵĿ˵˵ͷܽģͰͷİƤңǶ˳ȵķϣҿԸ߼ۣô
⻰һɾԪͺĲЩŭˣ˳֣ǶѾˣҶԷƤӣԺѯʾˣʲô
Τ;кû£Ϊ˼˳־ǾƢðɣһֻȸǶ⣬ȴ˼ҿвƵʰˣк˵Ҳǰ
ۿк
Ȼ̧֣һ˹ȥ
һ˲кǹغ«Ƶģµµعһȥһ·ֱײ˺üʯͷʲôġ
ɾԪˣ
˵ġ
˾ˡ
ʣǼôƺ
ɾԪ֪ԷΪʲôҪôʡ
ǵԼҲûԷԥ󣬻Ƿ׷ױ
ʾԶˡòͣſԭزٱ¶ʲôкʣأ
ɾԪ֪ò˵֪ǣҲûкˣҲͬ˵ˡ
ָһԺϺٻһ¸ոռεⲦ˵ı֣ͱø΢ˡ
ԭкΤ衢ǲ˶ɾԪͺĲΧŹģкǱɾԪ˵ģҲֻһΤȱ˰첲
ڣǲһжﻥ
ڼһɨͷһ¡
ɾԪͺĲվúܽ˴֮ľ룬ƺ˴ֵ֮еķִСͱΤ;ĹϵҲ֮ȴôͨͨ
ԼǸһˣҲ뿴ֵ飬żЩֵֹĺġͱڣٿȻãɾԪͺĲ֮Ĺϵܸԭ߲̫һˣѵ˵ˣѾϲϻ
Ȼ룺ǸϵͳйأúܣҪֵߵ˺磬ϻΧƵĻǡſܡҪҪˣȻᷢͻܾ͸ʲôЧӦõùɾԪ̯ñϹϵ

еضƳˡ
һЩ¶Ȥ뽲

˼һ𣬾ûٸɾԪǽ̸飬Ԫҵķϣһ䡰ˡһ̤˲ʧ
кˣߵҲ൱ͻȻ
ɾԪһ㶡
ĲǸпǡȥ簡
ô˵ǸѾֽѵкڲ⣬˶ûо˼ҲöԷʲôԵĵط
ϾǲɵĴ򲻹磬ʲôأ̫
Ȼ˶Щᷳкθ£ڴҲû£׻Τ߹ȥűӰԼϡڳҲֻԼˡ

գھԵˣٿʱҲȥЩ죬ȷеֲסѵ˼ЩûСʹûСӡһףȱ˵ɶ
ӿٶȣûã˳صִ˻ʳǵԺ
յſڣͫȻ˵ӭɾѹӵȺѾˡ
ԭ⼸죬ÿ춼Ů߻ӵԺŵˡҶСûп߶ͺɾ
ЩģȻø


109 飨棩
[ô]
[е, ٲҾ͵һȥμ֣巵Ļ磬ʱ˫ɶ, Ҷһǿ̫ˣ]
[絽׸ʲôȥˣ]
[Ҳ⹫, øϽ]
[˼š]
Ƶ, ԴʳԺ󲻾, ڰﷶΧʱ, Ѿ½½ؿʼ
еů, һֱӿ첽ӡ
ȵԺǰʱͫ˵һ仰
ʱ䣬ЩƼĸо
ͷҲûͫ˵ʲô󲽾ֱķȥ

ſ, һŮ, һˣơ߻ͫˣ
Щע⣬ǿſ, ;еĸо
ʱʱͻ롭
[ǰûôġ]
ʱ, һߴ߽
պǼŮ, , ׷׾س󿴣˲俴˵òʱ, ֶڴЦһ趯, ͽ·
, Ȼ硣
һ̧, ̲סſŲһӾͷӦһſȥ
[ڲŻҲŲҪ]
ݸȴұֳȥǰʣѣ⼸Һ㡣
ѵı飬ۿɼؿ
סݿģ粻˵
ȴ
[㻹ôã]
ӲһЩڵС
еȣ̧֣ס۾
һô˵γȥĿģڿԸˡ
졣
[˵˵]

һ־ȥе˵ʲô
סѵ̧֣֣Уһϻӡ
ѣ򿪿
ԣеƣǰ˵ģϻӴˡ
ɲǼ䣬мǹâͣǲڴۡ
ޡ໨ԡѪ񡭡
һϻ棬а˿ų޵ڵÿһŶڲͬɫʡ嵭ŨصĹһۿȥνʮ
ѵá
ԼȱöҲûһԵܰôǸʲô໨ԾͺֻܺйƬɵĿӶѣûһǽͻȻԼҪһģȴˡǰǵã
ʱ䣬ġ
磬ЩԵ𣿡
Ŷѵϲʣϲϲ
Ѵ˵ϲ
粻һЦϲͺáѵָ֣ףһĶҪ͸㡣ҪҪ
Ȼ˵ȻҪ
ɫˡ
һóԸѵı

·߲ʵıɫ𣬳ݺ
һŹգ˵˵Ư
һźܴѩ׻Ƥĩ˸ŵ΢⡭
˵Ըȥһ£̵Ҹ糣˯Ŵȥ
ңңӦǣӡ
һƬޱȵĿȸβɫ󱥺Ͷȼߣ㱼࿴ۣо·ϸıʯ׺һ˼㡭
̲סһβǰֻΣϲȻȸβҵ˰̫ÿˣ
΢΢ЦҲܸˡ
ʱҪľǶԷķӦˡ
ţͬһȼһĻƤëʱһֳȵĸоȵòţûֿµոУ൱ů
һһ˸߲ҵ˵ӣ
˵һֻˡ
Ȼֿ˺ü൱Ķÿһ֡ԽǿԽˣҲϳ󲿷ֶ׵ģֻмȻﵽף൱ҰƼ˳ֶΪ
ǵģҲˣǰЩɱʮͷ޲ܵõʵĽףôˣȥ׵ġ
е⡭
ֲǸɵӣĻܲأ
أ΢΢ͷ򻹰ǰ硣
磬ǲл˵ˣ۶ڴúܿ죬·ҪǻĳƵġ
ɤӣϿҵ˵ѣǴǰ飬Ȼ˴˶ҳϵģҲû鰮ϵ¡˺ܶ£ҶѾǰĻر֮ģ⡣ҾãӦʽ㷢ɻԼܽҵ⡣ѣԸΪУһ޶İԺʲô£ҵֻ
ʵѾе׼ˣⷬʱ򣬻̲סشĵ
ɴسһֱĻ
æȥѽס
ѾõЦǳ˵ҵȻԸ⣡
ʱҲŷ֣Լĺ󱳡ͷһϸ
Ҳǳǳǳˣ

翪ʼͶʱʼǡԱߵĻԼͫˣͳͳԷˡ
ҲΪ˶֮¡

Ůǵ϶Ŷ֮ɫһЦ绨οؿԼҹӺɾֻµķչٺòǻӺɾĳ뵽֣֮ҲǸп
Ȼûˣɾɾ
԰԰ɾõģ
ǹӣˣˣ
ѽСÿ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ׼ɻ䣿ʲôʱģ
ô˵Ǿô
϶ܿˣҲ¡
Ǿǣ

Ѻߵʱ䲻ҲŮǵĿһЩ˵ʵڵģ뷨ͦġ
ʵΪ׬ǮйٶڵĹЩߵŮ඼ǻᱻմֵģŮǱ˵Թδ/δάˣϵҩǶ㴾ӡ
ߵЩͬǼֱĵͨŮÿ˶бֳһȫûйѵ˼Ǽǻ谮ǶԴǵӼ׵ܵܡ
ʱˣˣһŮǵȷͨŮֻǾɹѵģһֺгòòѷɫ˹ȥĽѺ֮ĸȷ˭Ҳ岻ȥŮҲڸЩС
Ȼ֤һ㡣
ŮǼֱڴף
ͳЩҲ֤Դѵ⡣
֮ѣԺޱȵʱҲضкܶʱ򶼻ΪкܴѹȻƽ͵ؽܣýܵʱܣøʱ򶮵øʼ֪Ҫʲô
ˣǸѾɡ
ѵķӦ͸ǡˡ
еĽġ
ĽŮǶԴѵһҳϣĽĻرģҲĽѺ֮⡣
Ҳ룬Ҫ򶯰Ľ˶˵ĻҲӦöѧһѧϾĽ⣬ȴҲҪжϵġ

ͫƽ
ƺ˺ܶ࣬ƺʲôû롣
ͫ׵ģһֿ⣬ǰġ


110 仯
, Ѻǵ޵еŮǶ˳⣬Ϊڻʳ֮, ʵȫúܣǼͫˣҲҪ󲻱ڽˡ
Ů, Цݣ紩Ƶ, ˷׷״ߡ
, ֻѺˡ

޵֮ڣͬǰĴͨ, ҡҷ, ԵЩ谵
Ѻ綼Ѿԡˣƺһ, ˵ؿһ
ʵ, һ
֪ʲô˶Щš
һһ䣬ǶЩڡ
, Ӧû࿿ͦģȴ嶼ЩӲ, ҲԽԽ졭Ǻ˴˵Ƶġ
ʶȥѵ
ѵĶǺûһʶ
, ̫ˡ
̲סֳŻ࿿˿
¶ȺԽԽߡ
ѵ, һĨϼ, Ⱦ۽, ͨӨ׼, Ⱦһ㵭ĺΣġ
羲ؿҲԼߡ
ǴǰûйĸܣȻģһĨ
֪ʲôʱ˻
翴ǰˣֻԼʱ֮£ƺֻΪ˰ѡ
Сӣѡ
Ҳ¶һĨЦȻ£ѵĴ
ͬʱסѵһһظ
ѵɴۡ
Ȼֱֱۣۻĸ첲ϣĵصȴľٶ

Ű硣

峿Ļ
Ѿˣʱ§ѣ§Լ䱦һ᲻÷ſ
ѳƤͷؿڣԹ̫ˣ磡
籾ܵػش𣺡Բ´ע⡣
һŭıǸѸɢȻǿǿ˵ðɣ´βô߰ˡ
̿Ȼ֣صشӦá

ʵҲûô⣬ֻôһҹķȥǰûܹģֹ棬ԾͲɵ߶߶䡣
˵ѵ黹ͦġ
ɴ˿ɼڴ֮ǰʵ׼ˣҲעĸܡ
߶߶ԺѾͲˣʵһֱڰѹĲ֣͸ûʲôܵĵطˡ

ܵһ
籧ȥ衣
Ѱûкߵ˼ֱӰˮһݡ
һʱЩ֪ôԼĸܣѴŸ첲ϴʱԽؾáķǳңܵõǰ˵
ҵСӣֿ̹ɰղܣֻ޲ܻںһźá
գգۣʣ磬𣿡
һ㶡
ѷǳ󷽵˵Ҳܺá
磺
ûסٴθȥ

ӣԺֻͨȪˡ

ƺ̫á

ܹͣ
ؿĻֻһ㱡˸ס
ѵָ䣬һᡣ
ǩĶᣬԼǲģѾɢ߲ʹâĶᣬһɫĻ顪дŵ֮ǰЩ
Ѵ˴ĸ첲˵磬Ҳó
ˡ
ȻҲһŻ顣
˿ġҵģ鶼ܺá
˵类ִ·飬öɻ飬ǰǰʵһꡣ
ѸոʮѣҲŶʮ
ҲԵְɣԭӦú޽ˣȻԶԷĳޱ˳ۣദĹҲûа㲨ۣ·ȻȻؾ˱˴ˣڻ̹̹ദУȻȻ㺡
·һԡ
˵һ˳£ƺҲҪȥѰʲôʱΪʲôԭ
ϸǶԱ˴һ飬ֺվ顭
е֣û˾òס
ʽ֮ҲƺȻؾ϶˿Ըһһˮɡ
ܶҲáҲգദʱǻͳһĵط˴֮䲻ûа㲨ۣѺ֮ȴûгֹ
Զ磬ҲԶѲġ
һжǡô

ϢںϺѺһ˻죬ûۿ
ŮʼûдţʹͲ͵㣬ҲȻȻʧûдŵԷ㡣
Ѿòˣ֮ദģʽŻص˴ǰӦ˵ǿٴγǰ
֮ǻزǰˣ˺ܶķΧʱδŮǿһۣЩ
գѺ绹Ƕˡ
Ůǵ˲ǲ̷ǺܶʱȻȻؾ;ʧԶһ㡣
Ѻ
Ҳ
е˼ڶԷϡ

֣£ȻǴ˶Ƶ۵ĶⲢǶƵ˹ӣĻŭṻ˵ѣֱ̲סܵƵǰҫǣǷϲȥˣ
Ƶ۲ԼСϵϢ仯οҵµͬʱҲЩӣܶڷ
һֱܿ硭е硣
ΪСܺáе硣
Сҫó顭е硣
СҵһֲΪҶˣȻٺòе磡
ںϵϢҲ̫ˣе磡
գƵۻʲôҲû
ôС˾ͺá

ѲֻǶŶƵҫҲżԽҫŸպľ˸ĸҫżıҫ빬ʽһ֣ҫ
ʵߵ֣⣬ҫġܿϢ仯ݳ
ôأȻף
Ҳе硣
ôһˡ
Ƿ׼ٰɻʲôʱģ

ڶƵ۵Ķ棬ߵ磬ͷ룬˵ɻ񰡣Ҳ֪ʲôʱ죬԰ɡҲֱڴϽ£̡ʲôʱҫˣ;ٰ񡣡
ȷ߸̶ѣԳڶʱѾǵõϿɺԼˣϢڵʱ򣬾תΪ飬ǾؼϺŵĳɻ֮ˡ
ʲôġܶ˹μӵĳɻ񡭡ѿЩҫģûˣŪʱ˵¡
Ƶ۶ԴûҲСʲôʱʲôʱ
ֻ˵ʱǰ⹫˵⹫ģʱ˾ĸ񡣡
üЦ˹ȥסƵ۵ĸ첲˦¡
Ҿ֪⹫ã
Ƶ۱εСȰЦЦ
ѶŶƵ⹫ҸˣڻʳЩҲе壬Ȳμ֣巵ĳɻǾͳȥ桭ĵءСС˵ǸʲôĥϵͳƬ֪кܶطɻķҪȥµġҸ˵ˣһȥ棬Ƕۡ꣡
Ƶ̲סЦˡ
ꣿҲȣҲͦá


111 Ƶ۵˽
ѺȻʲô, ǬͰͣͳüӰ̣͵Ƶ۵ǰ˳˵⹫㿴ϴθֿ¼ģݵҲǱǸؾ, ǵϵģ
Ƶ۽ӹӰһ, ΢΢е㾪ȡ
Сȷ˵, Ժȥʱ¼͸淢˲Сﲻ̫, ΪõȵԺʱСŻûϵȻݵʱСѾʼ¼ˡ
ò˵Ƶ
ǵҲУʱ⹫˭𣿡
˵Ժ󲻾Ҿ˵ģȻҸһֱȥ棬Ȥĵط¼ѽ
Ƶ۶ʱЦˣ˵ԭˡȻƤգգۣѧСƽʱƵģҵСû, Ҫȥʲôطۡꣿ
˵ѿɾ, ԥ˵ȥǸǰ˵, Ҫȥ֣
ƵһŶ
ɫؿʼ⹫㲻֪ɣ֮ǰȥƸʱһȺˡ

ԭ֮ǰ˶ļܲǹȥİ, ҪġĹ, Ͱû, ѻȤϻһ¶, ȫ˵ˡ
ѹȻȤ
ǰѾҪȥغϻˣڸѾãǾ͸Щ˲˳ˣǸ˵ܵܣԼǲ⣬ȴ֪ǼһڱʲôˡⲻҲҪȥ𣿷ϻܵܶʲôöҧõģҪһ·ˣͰϷǸ³һѣ˫ֹƽٻҧ
硭ⷽѵġ
ԼȷʵǲǰôģȻѾ߷չ˼ֺ棬ȥȻҲԸȥһ
ڣ߱ʲôأ

Ƶ꣬㵸ô֣ɾÿɰˣǾȥɣҪƴã̫⡣˵⣬ǲ̫ģ˵Сӳɻ飬Ȼδٰ񣬵ҲѾһˡ⹫øǺ񡭡ɣھ͸⹫ȥ˽ɣ˰֣ҵСһ⣬ԼҲϲģ⹫Ҳ
üЦҲԼ⹫ֱ˵Ҫòã⹫͸Ҹõģ
Ƶ۾ϲ̹ϵӣҲ˵İɣ϶õġ˵⣬Ҳ˵СҲؿֻõģ⹫ҲҪһ
֪Ƶ۵⣬֣˵ǣ⹫
Ƶصͷ

ӵټ۹ĶƵۣҲǸϵˣʱƹĹ˽⣬ûзֵ̫ԼĶҲǷһ𡣵ƹɶƵ۹ôĶŮͲͬˣ˽ǳ׷ֿԼŪĺöȻصز˽˽ˡ
ǰ˷Ըεļĸ⣬Ƶ۴ûκһŮԼ˽Լʹ͡
ⷽ棬ΨһġҪһ硣
֣ȸԾظڶƵ۵︡ġ
[֪⹫˽жжٺöأ]
[磬ҳģ]
[һܶöõģ⹫һ]
ɺЦ
ڡ족Ƶ˽õıǻõȴװ׵ʾţ̰ĺôҪƵһšѶԣ󷴵ǱȲ⹫仯ġ
ҲΪǽûȱԼļһֱߵԵʡֱ֮ǰ˶ڼ䣬ϢǣѲͻƵ־߽װ˽׻Ľ׵ıľߣжҲûǸ˼⡣

ܿ죬ڵһʯǽ
ʯǽѰʯ飬һָԪı󣬷ǳϡУҲֻжƵ֮˲лõһĿԴ˴˽⡣
˸Ԫ⣬ʯǽϡ˽ڶ󷨷ƷߴŽףǶƵ۵ĵ֮һ
Ƶ֣΢ЦŽưϣעԼ⡣
ԭ˽ΨһķʽΪԿסǶһ޶ıʶ
Ѻںֿȴһֱû硣
ü۲Ӳд΢΢͡
ţʯǽϣͨһ˵Ż
ƵЦɡ
ѡǰŵظȥˡ

˽ܴһ̧۸Ϳͷֳ˺ܶңÿһҶܵȵȣâ貵Ǳ
еڸûκΰ裬ǶѻųɽԪʯңǶƷԪʯƺֻƷĲ䱻⣬ҵıڹǬ䣬һ涼ƷԪʯ
ԪֵߵġǬ䶼ûʸȥġ
Ƶվ˽ǰǼңֱ̧Ȼһ£˵ѣСӣȥɣ⹫šѡˣ⹫ȥµġ
üëŵ˵ȥȥ⹫͵ƺ
ƵۺЦ⹫͵ˡ
磬Ҷȥ
ߡ

ѲŸսһʯңеۻ
ÿһ϶Ǳתէһѹֱ治ֵʲôΡб󡢸ĵرɢǿƣһӽ˸оЩϢǺܶ೤ι״ıҩװ͸ġ֪ʲôʵıϻܿɢϢҲϻӷϡ
Ȼֺöţеģ㿴󣬾вٶϳˡ
׵ġĽס׵ġ߽ף
߽׵ļͦߵģѾˣҸûеġ
Ҳʶ磬ʶ𣿡
һ·ƹȥϸ۲죬Ȼشײƿ꣬Եһְֵͨҩ
룬ԼͷдŸõġôıҩǱ룬ǰڰ˵ģ˰磬ҲҪ߽µľˣ⹫Цû۹ġ
Ӧá
Ϊ˱ϲںܶзĹμǵ伮֮࣬ҲЩʶġ
ˣƵ۵˽ڴ̫࣬ҲϲֻܾΪȡ»ʧˡ

ƵۿСһһߵѰң̲ס΢΢Цˡ
ʵҪʲôһλԣǺصԴںʵʱȥҪעģ˵İȫ
ˣʵƵѹҪ˽ѡģϿδʱѾ°Ʒˣıͳַѣ㹻°Ƴ˽ױˡ°ҲϲҵСʱҲضᾡȫ
񣬱Ѿãư˽еļƷʺɻ񲻹

ǱԼ⹫ġϲú뷨ЩƣѻûԼñʱȿһԧ챦£ɢףԴﵽ߽סⲻʺϸ֣巡ǶСԧ


112 ʥ
Ѱ, Сڵ簢磬㿴ô
Ȼʶʱ䲻, һԵԵ, ̾˼˵͸֣巺棬סǵ
ѵͷƲƲ˵֣Ӹҹϵ, ܲܿǸͦ, Сȥ, ʲô, ʱĻ⹫
粻ݸѵĲ, ˵ġ
ѶʱüЦ¾һˣ
ȥ, һԧ챦±ôͨ, ǿ, ҷԽͨ, ԽǿΪԷ, Խǿ
ⲻ͸պ
֣ӺӾôʵ, ֻҪȥ, 񺣾߽ףǿֵ±㹻ˣҪǵʥ̥Ƶ۹Ҳ⹫һʥ̥, ֻҪ, ⹫Ҳѽ²Ǹõء
һ˲תܶͷ, Ҳֻһˡ
ϲ̵ؾ˸֣巵ĺ
, ǸԼѡˡ
϶ѡȸ֣ӻľǡ

Ƶ۵˽Ĵ, οҪĶ, ߲ġ
һ·һ·֪俴˴죬кüûء
ƵҲߴ٣Լ֪ԼжٱҲ֪СӣѵýôһˣŹء
Цˣһ㶼ꡣ
ţͻȻָһط
磬쿴
˳ָķ򿴹ȥƼǼʯ֮УΪյÿ棬һ챦ߣǼΪıġ
̥ߡǹߡԴκαߡԵĲͬߡʯٱ齺˿ˮǧɰ
ͫȻ
кֶܶɼģҲǴ챾Ϻñġ
˳ؾ͹ȥˣָͷֱӴһ鵶ϣ˵磬ѡ
Ȼֱɢȴһֱѵߣʱ̧ܵסѵ֣˵Сĵˡ
˵ŷӦÿһյ󷨷ģȻѿƴڵϣʵϻᱻ˵
Ѳ˼ϵЦݸˡ
е㲻ڣʱϸ۲ǵߡǿȽϳصһ鵶ߣ̺Ϣ൱ǿԼ䣬ƺкĹ˼
˵Ҹովãʺ㡣
練Ӧġġ칦ѵʵߣҲ֪
绹˵Ѿҵĵˡ
һ㶣Լڸʶʱߣ˵Ҫ²챾ġֻǺ˻ʳǺ߰࣬ˡ
ⱾûʱʹãҲѾ˹һжá
գգۣ˵ͻ߸ʺ㣬ĵߴĥҸǿţҲŵԺʵ񺣾ʱںϵﰡҼǵǸǿʥģ

ȷǸ취Ȼ͵ģǶԺܶླ綼ǰٰ˽ġ

ǸҰĽ߲εߣҲҵߣһΪһһȽ񺣾ʱ򣬵ڶںϵУ񺣾סһ˿ԡ
Ըһ»»ͺҲҪ»ͣ񱥺͵Բʥ̥ʥ̥Ҳסⱥ͵ԡ
ʥ̥ȫգʥ̥ٲϵվɳڲҲͬվֱʥ̥תΪɫһֻѣپɼվɣƿ
ʱоͻһʥֱ˺ʥ̥ʥʥģߵıһģһ˴ҲܻӦ
˵ӵʥ񣬲ǿ
ûʥǿ߸ӵʥǿ߶սһڶԷС

ǰûҰĵģϾ̫άٶѾķ˺ܶ˼ұ֤ԼǸˡ
ڣƺһˡ
ο粻Ṽѵ⡣
ͷ˵á
ҪǿǸһֱĵء
жƵ۵İǶƵԭﲢûܳɾȻѵξָ㣬ͻƵļ˺ܶ࣬ҲҪֹǸһ
ƵۻһǧҵʱͻƣԼһޣһǧҲҪﵽ񺣾۷塪ͻƵʥ̥С
ԵĻϣԼͻƵʥ̥
һ¶Ƶи⣬ҲǿԱѡ

ѿɲ֪תۼôֻ࣬Ǻܸģ룬˵磬Ҹѡˣҵһѡɡ
ͣ§ѣߵһ
ոһɨʱҲһúʺѵġ
˿
ⱦܺԾŽްٱ

ٱʹﵽŽ׵ޣ񾳵ߣʵ޵СֻΪƣҲһȱݣԪͬϵƳ
ֻܻꡣ
һٱͻնȥǰ죬ѹٳٲɢҽӽ߳ʵ൱򶼻ᱻ
˵죬ٱʬֱӻأֻһСŵĵɫ˿ߣҲһĵر࣬һֿ˵ߣҲ˵Ǳģ˵Դı
ģǿ뵽κһֱģԴ뵽񺣾ߵ֮Уӿ»ٶȣȹ񣬲ߡ߳ɾ֮ǰ߽գô뵽ߵÿһԪ֮УΪԪһ֡ȸԺԶߵ뷨۳ɶԷҪı
ǣԺܳΪ񺣾ߣⱾﻹܷҲγʥ

ٱ̫ˣ˿Ǽϡ
ֻĶĳֵ伮ʱ⿴Ҳû뵽ȻĿڶƵ۵˽濴ôѰظһ
棬Ȼˡ
̶Ȳڽ˿֮µģҲ뻹߰˼ءֻ

һԼ䣬һ߸ѽ˵
ߴﵽʱֻѰġıˣԺɾʥͻȡһߣҺѺ˿䡣ܻԪԺЩѵĴ򰾹ͳͳʡȥ
֮ˣһõֱǿ̫ʡˣٲٺܶġ
ң˼Ա
˵ɾʱ򣬿ΪһıܱԼܹˡңΪԪʱʹ鷳Ҳ԰Ρ


113 Ƴβ
, 
[ãҾҪʲô˿ˣ]
΢΢ܸͣѽ顣
ǲ͵ģ, Դ㹻, ʹҲԼʲôϵأأȻ԰һ𡪡ֻϣԸһֱȥ, Ҳܸ쳤վõȥ, Ժ¶ͬɽķ⡣

˶ѡ˶ԼͬԷѡģȻ֣˸߲ҵתͷȥҶƵˡ
ԶԶؾѾ˵⹫ҺͰѡҪǸ칦ĵ, Ҫ˿
Ƶۺε, ʵ㲻ȥ, Ҳ˽κһȻȻģСѡʱ, Ѿ֪ˡ
УܸоС֮, ˶Ϊ˴룬ĶǶԷò˵, Ǻοġ
, ӭ˹ʱ, Ƶ۵ԽȰ
ŶѾѡˣº͵Ц, ⹫˵˵
Ѿͺԥ, ͳͳ˵Ĵ㶼˸װס
Ƶһ, һ΢΢, ʾԼͬ
˵, ЦѵСӲԺҪЩ

ڶƵȥҲȷʵãϿٲκһˣԴСͬһˡ
Ƶǣ˿ֵ̳κһˣᵣʱšԷܶСⲻ粻ͬϾǸܿסϵͳˡ
־㣬ڷǰﶫƵСﵱԼôȻͻںһԶᱻĥˡ
Сԭֵһˡ
Ƶһ·ѳ顣
С϶⹫۰ˣô͸ֵΣδߡ¶С϶ǶҳϣͺԥغС϶İ£ô米ѣⱲӶỻˡ
ڶƵۿûбˡ
ԶƵ۷ˣԼСԪϵĵҲǰȲǿСֲ׷ͺڷˣΪյġ
ҡ
ǽ˿ԭǶƵ뷽跨ΪС

Ƶ۴˻صѡıڣԽ⿪󷨽ƣǷֱ𽻸ˡ
룬պá
֪¶Ҳͺúõ
ְѸ֣巵ҲˣԼպá
ƵЦ˵õĸǡѡһ͹ˣ
һսʱ򻹸˵õģҪõ⹫һţڶǷǳã⹫ȴûбŵ
[ѽеСʧ]
粻ݸ
ѾƵˡ
⹫ⲻǶԺʥ𣿾˶ˡͷ˵ҲûиҪģȻ⹫ɡ
Ƶ۵ͷ˼߽׵ıѺ
ѿϲ⹫ر˽ԼҲ߸˵ˡ
󣬶Ƶ۲˵߰ɣһȥ²ǶѾҵİŸǴһ˫˽ױ׸񣬷ǿһֱǰţҲ㹻ˡѵͷļ磬ǰؼԼʮĶòһأΰ˫׷ŽȥҲĳɻˡ
ҲصĴ׷ʣݽǿһÿοҪĴԪʯǸ²̫ˡ

°Ǹšòӣʹ˹ȥʱպþƱһһɣǳ
˵൱ס
û뵽Ϊ²ģȻģϾڿ̰ӡһרעڴ챦ǲޱ߷ġ˵ûʱȥԼò
°Բͬ˾졣
һӲףôҲûֳ
֪ϰΪҲǸòģۼ°æͺ⹫һվһߣš
ᣬ°ͷıɾһ߽ס
磺
ЧʣΪʲôƵ˸ԣˣ⹫Ϊʲôɢˡ̫ˡ
QȥһܼĻ
²⹫˵˺öڰģƣǰ˽׵ı׶Բԣһ֪²һԼҲ˲ٱģЧһõģ
°ع΢΢һЦϣ谮ɫ
С˽Ⲯ
һ˵°һ߰Ѽ˴еİԡ
Ԫڵĳŷǳᱡı׸һƥʵɫһǵ׺˲ٱʯѤõĽдʡ
ϵıתɢƼҪϢһ㣬žͺܿ¡
°ϲѣȥǰ˽ױͲ֣Ҫһõİ˽ױҲҪѲʱ䣬ѾҪնƵ۵ķԸһ˫ˣٶһõģǰ˽Ҳ
Ըɴģ°ѡĵش춫ƵӺüԼղض󱦲ģֱӰ˫׵ƷƵڿļޡһܽŽˡ
˵ѺֻҪⱦףϾǰǡ
Ǽȶ֡
ϾûôҪ񣬾ȻԶԸĽ׵ߡ

ȡ⣬绹ɴû°æЭߴ˱
ǽ˿͵ȥ˵ˡ

°Ѷѱ״ˡ
˵εıܴС˵ѪǾ˵⣬û뵽ǵƤ֮¡
Σյʱ򣬻Զ
ƽʱǰҲµġ
ʲô

ϣȴЭѰѽ˿ˡ
ȻѲڷܣͺϧࡱسհ⻯뵽Ԫȴһ׮¡
ܸˣѷȥؿһϡ
ѵҲѪʱ⵵¶ҲܸȤ

գ͸պ֣巺ĳɻˡ
һʱ䣬û̫磬Ļһ
ݵѣʱʱظ
ѸˣҲˡӶţñס˺󣬷ԸǶ˹Լڴιѵġ
ŮǶ˽ϲá
ҭûŵͫȴееЦ
ǡ
ûôõİ¡

ɻȷʱǻƻʱ
ֱڿŮǵķ´׵֣ҡڵسǼݰ˽׵ıҴŲٻһƺƵ֣ҡ
ĵص㣬֣լۡеһΪΡĴ
λչʧ֣ܵҲѾõ˶Ƶ۵ӹ뿪֣ңΪý»޵Ĺݡ
ǿ֣ѵӣӵˣ½½ˡԼҲǲԼбȽϳɫСĸź
һֱ֣ңڽҲΪˡ


114 ֣巴
֣Ĵŵƽ, ıѾˣ֣һϲĹװͿ֬, ļĸŮһͬ͡
ЩݽϸߵȻ֣Բ, Щĸǳ, ÿҪд׵, Ҫ˵ӡ
֣ԣӦһγ, ҲΪİԼʧܣѾ;ƿݣ֮˶þͻ䡣ڻšмֱ棬Ҳ뾡ŬΪྭӪЩҲõˣϸԴϣԷȥԺ, շ֡
ڶҲܷ֣Ŭ
֣ڵ֣ûʲôȨ, ֣ڵǸ֣, ҲΪǼҵĲ֣һ, ԹĵŮ󡢺Ǹ֣ҳͻΣԸ֣ϵԽԽ֣己ûʲô
Ե֣ȥԺ󣬾ֻ֣ܿԼˡ
Ȣһ۵Ĺ, ʵҲôǿ֣ôܲΪأĲ, ҲҪٳ֡
ⲻꡪ֣, ġ
, Ϣͨ, ֪֣巵һִٳɣҪĿģǿѸ֣巵ĹϵΡ
ﶼǼȷͷѵȷ˴ýǱ߾ͿԴ̽ϢҲ˼ǵãǰǸ֣һһʱˣģ˵֪ѽӵܿҪμӴ£֣巺ͬΪƵ۵˴нҲ֣˾룬Ȼ֪ǷĻҪˣ˵ܽ˸ϼֽأ
ͷ֮£ҲǿͿġ
֮ˣϵȻҪλġ

Ǻܿ춼λ֣己һֱ֣ߣͬдǣɹĸӴЩҲһһк
ҪӭȢӣ֣ͲǰǸˣ֪ΪԺܺӺúȥҲýĸԼѵͷһЩ˴Ͻ飬ȡպչ
֣ʵҲݹϵҲΪһԽ鲻Ҳǲˣﲻѵĳ̶ȣԺʲô¶ȥ鷳ѡܰ˳ȢİĹѾܰˣҲܸм
Ժ·Լ߲С
֣ŬϽҲοⱲѾߵ˾ͷһЩҪģǰҲҪһЩϸ˼󣬻ûϸлѰæĽڣ͹ȥһЩԪʯ˵ǲϸСڵļ
ġ
ҪûˣͲˣСнɣЩ

أҪȥӵʱˡ
֣еżѲҪõʱɣ
Щǣ֮ҲСۣҲϢѲ
ҲʱȻһ̾
ǰ˽ױ
˭ˣݣ
ѵСĲ²⣬ѵһλ
ⲻκһλݡ
֪ˣѹˣ
Ȼѹӣ
֣⶯ʱ¶Цݣæ߳ȥӭӡ
һЩҲ
֣ҵĴſڣһݼΪıͣ
Χмлǹţ߸λΪòŮ̷λò繫Ӹӹ
һ˿νǹ
ʱһλصŮվڳǰŴ򿪡
ɲǼ䣬һλθߴӲ߳ᣬֳǰ֡
ţڵСӴֻ֣Q
˿̣ڶ߻Сӵϣֻñ˺ü¡
λˣŽ
ð
֣巴߹˵˵ѣˣҲΪðӻԺܵأ
бһۣ˵ҵ㣬һֲȹЩһȥӡôѰɣ
̸֣λεرʾ˼
ȫ飬ϣ˵ѣõѣ
ѷ˸ۣˣȴҺͰȥȻϽȥ˰ɡ
֣巺ٺһЦϽͰѺȥ
һģֻа˸Ůնˣڱԣһ֣һȥӡ

֣巺ദ龰ܶС
ǻΪֻͨĽ飬ڿѿô֣˵ôԡе֣巳˼
Ժ֣巿Ըһˡ
֣ͬһ㣬ο
ĸŮǶ֪ԼӵĲףʱԱ߼˵Щʲô壬֣ȴ׵İο֮ԡ
Ѵҡڵ߽֣֮ǰݼ֣
֣¶ͰЦݣϲѾʵϲˣҲɰ룬ദ٣ѹйĽ˵СѿɰڿĿɰ
һ
֣˫ͺ˲öֶ֣巺ˡ
֣ȻڴӦ
ȻȻģġ

ӵŮǴ֣ҲϤȻԹΨһǸҪķȣȴͻ¼Ҫ
ǻˣǼͬﱲĻŮǸҲӹɣǱܶƵ۳谮ѵλߣλǰС
һЩӵŮǼеĸµˣȻҲᱻŵŮǵλӡ

Ѹһ𣬽ӹ֣巵һ˦˦ָˡ
㻹ȥ
֣ôܵʱ˵ҿɾˣỤ̊ҾͲˡͷˣݹã㡣
˦֣ˣϽ߰ɡ
֣ЦȥԽǶ߳ͶȸԾ
գɻĴϲӣ
ҪϽȥҽˣ
ߺѲƲƲ죬˵磬֣Ҳ̫ˡ
ЦǸм㡣
ѵȻָ֪ľƱ棬˵Ҳûʲôɸмġ
[Ҳţɻͦõġ]
ƺѵе㳶Ϲϵȴˡ
˵֮ǰѰ֣ýֻΪ֣ˡ˳Ϊ֮СѸ˵ȤôڣѾΪԼ綨ˣ߸۵ģԭ֣巺ǳ磬ǲҪ˱ȽϺá

֣ȥҽˣܵѣһֱҲ֣߿ΣһεĴ˶ܸӣȻͲΪ֣巡
ˣ֣΢Ŭ˳ӵˡ
ȻĽӣЩҵǣƺƵػص֣ҡ
ʱ򣬴ĺ񱸺ãҲ
֣ϣ֣巽һ𣬶°ݡ

ġҸͷ
ߵĳɻѰյĵͬ˵Уŵ¶ò
кЩ˸п
òĹ
СΪ䰡
Ǵǰ֣巿ɲУϽˡ


115 
, ֣¶˴ȰЦݣȥ棬Ҳͬϱġ
֣ڹذݹĸ, ֻӡ
ϣϲá
֣Ҳر, ӭȢԼİŮӣһʲôأ
ͬʱ»Сޣ֪ΪʲôȴֶӿֳһĨĸо
ͺܹôҸ, ǳѵá
ת, Ҳȷѵð, ϾһСľͻᱻɢ, ô˳Ҳʵѵĸ

, 
֣巺滥, žƺյ, ϵѺ翪ʼ, ԸμӴл⡣
ѶСƱһںʣµĶ硣
غˡ
֣һЦΪ߶ʮϲá
ü˵ɻ鲻, Ǻϲˡ˵䣬΢, ȡһľϻ, ֣, ˵ҡ绹⹫һ͵ĺ񡣡
֣˫ֱϻӣ㶡
⹫游
ַܿӦСɻ飬һģﶼǻᰲһݺģֻǴǹԶŵĶֻȽܿصĺ󱲣ŻᾭƵ۵ķԸ
֣巺ԼûǸʱ游ģ˵һ£游ҲǹϺŵ˶ѡ
ΪʲôϺšǻΪ
֣˺֪֮ģΪͬΪԼԶѱƵۿؾͼʣϾҲôһѣѺԼ⣬ƵܳﱲϵĲ֪ĿأñҲ֪٣ȥǾûˡ
ԣǸѵġ
淴Ӧ죬ʱЦ˵лλ游ĺ⡣ѵɫȻʲôֹ˵ҿ漱һơ
ѲһЦưɣһ⡣
[磬ӹȻ֣Ӵ]
ôȡºţ粻ɺЦ

ѵ֣󣬱ʾͬ⡣
ǵģȷ֣巴ϻ۵ö֣࣬ʤ˼򵥡
ˣҲʵǰġ

֣һͰϻӴ򿪣ʵҲܺ氡
ǸȷţǷĴý͵ıӦʺǡ
Ƕаٰʮ˼תתȥģʲô˼ڵעҲ֣ϻϡûһ˻ܹƵֵ֮ı
һ˲˶̲סۡ
֣巽ϻĶȡᶶһ
ɲǼ䣬һӳ۶Ȼ֣Ȼһ壬˿϶ϲüƶɣɽ˾Ĵı£
·֣ʽҲΪΪգԵΪϲ죬ֲ
Ȼⶼص㡣
صǣ׵ı
⻹ûꡣ
治ȡϻһ£ͬ˿
һŮӵȹӺݻ
֮ǰӳƵĿʽ˴˺Ӧӳġ
ͬһ׵ı
ڶ֮ǰ׵ĳʱֻǾȵĻôڿŮȹʱͷ׷׵һ
ԭڶ俪ҷֱ֣ʱȻԧ··ʱֻԧȻ˴˺ӦµҲһ𣬱÷·˫ɡס
ǣǵƷˡ
ƺΪһ߽ױ
˱侫
ҡ
ڳڶǣʵﵽ־ģδһڵױο߽ס
֣巺ˣһǰǸ竡Ŭʱ仹ãһͱĹߣҲûоĽ̵
ԣǵʵ־ѡ
ôʹõıҲֻס
ôֵӵ߽׵ı
̫˷ˣ
Ҹûð
ܿڶַ֣ԷΪģС޵ʵߣǴԺصֵ˺ĶԪ
ֱǣѵı
Ƶ۲ǶƵۣ־˲𡪡Ҳǡ
˽ıţ¸ΪѺҲΪ󷽣˵ⱦ¸ѡģ
ڣ͹֣巷ˡ
ѪҪ͵ðɱܹԽ±ɱǵˣʵòŷǵⱦ£ѷͶƵۡ
ڱҲֻĽؿ֣巺棬׷̾ǵð

Թ۵ˣ֣巺棬ȻǺܿⶫǣΪǵİȫ룬ѡġ
˲ɵһͬѵлﶼǸмޱȡ
ϵ֣Ҳָͬм
߽ױҲûеģΪԼ׼ˡ

֣巺ϽѶѷȥ;ơ
ǵȻҲһһͬҲǵĺ
ѷǰıͳȻСҲûʲôˡҲмȤģǷǼ˾ĸˣЩҩ֮⣬ԪʯĸࡪҲΪ֮»ҵ׵ġ
Ҳ֣ûٳͷҲû˵ʲô͸翿һ𣬳ԳԺȺȶѡ

һεĳɻ񣬻Բˡ
֣巵ҪѣȴѰ־ܾõ»ҹ㲻ӣҸʲô
֣巣
滹ûǸز΢΢е졣
ţЦ磬ﳤȥ
֣Ҳ֣ЦҲ
ǡȥһĸ
š

Ƶ۾ڸ߿Уųǽ֮ңңȥıһӴŴȰָƽʱϡ
ԣһɫٷļԽҲƮţοСֻǳȥ棬ֻġ
Ƶ΢΢ףûٶ˵ʲôۼǱʧ֮ڣתֳŻʳ֮зȥ
ʵϰ֮˵·ԪҲܳµؾһֻظСദʱ䳤˵㣬Сиİ£овͬ
ƵҲ벻ͨ
Ŀ͹ҲкܶԼҪ¡

˽ױѿؿڣش˸Ƿ
⹫ʽʼǵġꡱ֮ã;дʱǰٶͫˡ
һ·ϣ˳
ҼȻ꣬͸Ǹʶʱ·һˡС˵ʱŮǽڣ͵ǻرܡ
ܹܲһʱͻȻſ˰ɣ
ŮҲܶ£ڵ˷Ը󣬶ڴЦš
Ǳ
ȽϾȵͫȷе˵
֪ͫ⣬쿴λҲЩȡ
ھ֮⣬Ե֪꣬ô⣬ֲ֪Ƿҵܹ׵

˽ױǰУؿһƬɽ
ɽҲԶˡ
ֱ߲ǣ·ʵǿΪ֮
ҡӴӳܿ˿
磬һϣ𣿡
ѻʲôĿģ
Ϊ˸Լ»İ³ڶغˣ
Ȼȷغֻԡ
Ͼԭ˸ļһҲ֪׸ı˶ٲǣ


116 ɹغ
ѵ, Ҳ̧ͷܿȥ
˵ʵڵģҲȷǲ
Ͼһ˹ΣֱӴϵͳ֪һ, ûо廭ģֱǲǣϸ۲С
˵Ҫٿ
Ҳ⣬绳һ˸Ƿ˵㿴ɡ
绻˸ƣܿøЩͬʱѾѰҸǷϵͳܶӦϵˡ
Źյʱ, ĿҲһͷ, ѵĶ˵⸽, ұߡ
ϲ˲, ˵Ǿҡߡ
΢΢ͷͼƱյ, ˡʱݸ, ɴؾֱӰ౧˵, ˯øȡ
ѵĲ, պؿڡ
糯ŲԶĴʾ⡣
ȡһű̺͹, ͵ظѵϡ
, һֱұ߶ȥ
ͫ
һΣλĶϹۡ

һֱɽ, Ѳģģ˹
ʱصݸһ׹, ˵
ѵס, ӺС, պùһڡ
[ӵոˡ]
΢΢͡
ŮǡԼն˶ڲԶúõš
ŷ֣Ǳµġ
ʣ磬ҵط𣿡
ͷشǸɽԶˣ˵һͷһһۣĽޡԭӦϻͷڸɽʱϢģʱƻպ꣬ǳǳ룬ôƻǣۻ˳ɱǸΪѪڣҲߡ
ǻԵ֮һϻԼԺܴﵽףνʮǿ󡭡Լ˵ʮǿ󡣵ⲻص㣬ϻǵɽõһСԪʯڳƷԪʯǧƷԪʯΪͷԺʵͻͽļԴ̡
˵ԪʯӵеһأҲǲ֪߻ϻԼȻˣҿ¡
ĿǰֻڣԪʯӦҲˡ
ü
[ϻԪʯʱ䲻ڣùϼꡭô˵ǴƻӦûûϻأǸļһӦøһҲ֪ԭߣڻûڣԼĪʵ㣬ֻǻҪǻӡ]
[룬Ǹ߹ԪʯʱȴûˣԪʯҲûˣⳡɾ̫Цˡ]
[Ҷ̲סڼǶס˹]
粻ݸ͵ס꣬Ҿס
ǵкܳܳȻʲôʲô
ŸȤζ

ø߸˵ѣһɽߡ
ĶѨǿɽģһ˲ߣȻͿǿĶѨ
⸽ɽУĽѾʵȽǿˣԽǿѨԽû޴ڡҲɵģͿ
ԣϢɽĴڸС
ҡվڶѨ棬ȿǵĻζ
鵶նΣͰЩζɢˡ
ǲΣ﷢һХвζ
ѷԸ£ȥˡ
նѸӦһǡǰų˶Ѩ
ᣬѪʹ洫˳
ȡһֻĴ¯ѹϡ
Ѹ߸ˣĲһڡ
ҲͲʱ䣬ͫһ߻ʬ
ͷǳ׳ÿͷһɶߣëƤǺɫģΪﵽĽ׵ԵʣҲǺʵ
ͷЩƤѷɫܶࡣ
˵ԼɱģԼŰɡ
[Ƥëëģôÿ]
[㿴Ҫغɱ˾ɱˣŲʲôڡ]
ѵͷʾ˵Ķԡ

ԭΪ˱ֳϻɣɱЩǵĻӣΪԴͷ൱׺ᣬѨﶼ˺ܶʬǣһͨƵļ⡣
ȻϻΪЩʬǰϢͷһѻյǣڸӸˣŷ˱סġصúõԪʯ
ַһͨ˵ЩʬǵЩлĻ
ͷǷ׷ױʾͬӦġ
ʵϡ
ͷˣֻҲϻʾŹͷȴ˽ɱȡӡԪʯ󻹻ϻ֣˴һͨòҲҲҲɡ
ԭƵ¶
ǻĳͷΪ˸ϻŪĳԴֱɱ˻š
ˣο
ϻҲԭͷ𣿻Ҫһ𱳸⡰޹֮˵ء

Ѿͦϻһ˵ģʱ뵽ȴһˡ
[˰磬ҼǵϻôһͷİɣǸҪǲҲá]
һ㶣ѹС˵˼Ǿ֪ˡ
Ҳǡ
[ʱһ£Ǹߵ]
һ˺ܾõ⡣
[ҶûʹĽʲô֣]
ѵ֣д˼֡
ء
գգۡ
[롣]

ѺܵʱŮȴն˴ʬ󣬾붴ѨʰȥˡǼҹǸȤģܲùȥĵطɣĴǵȻüʱϡ
ԣŮȵվڶʱѾ֪ڿԽȥˡ
磬µ˽ȥ
Ѩһûģǽ϶̦޺һѱոɾûгζ˵ǵĹǻңһһЩ߰⡪һЩƷ׸͵޹ͷһЩצӡӡıĵȡ
˵ЩҶҪҪҪɡ
Ůǵ׷Ӧǡ
ѴһΧַԸ˵иСԪʯǷȥڡڳԺɹҺͰ磬ʣµ˭ڵĸ˭
ڶԶӣ϶¶ϲɫ׷ȥԷڶھ
ɢظһ߳ȥ
[ͺͺģûʲôÿ]
Цѵ֣

Ѻɽп羰ſţȻһЩ
綸Ȼɢѹ
ѵĹǾģûоñѹȡҲܲĲľ·һ˿ɱƵģá
˵ˡ
룬²ѵǡ
[ϻأ]
˵ţɽɽ·ϣмðͷ½
Ϊ׵ǸƫŮӵ꣬Ѳ࣬ʮңʮ۵ͣʵҲѲ࣬־ߵͬߣܹ鶼ᳬʮ꣬е־Ҳе
Ϊһ·ûʱԵʣ·ͻƵ־ֱЩ˺ʵǿˡ
ɲǣͷѹ˲Ծ
ò꣬ڿɲǣ˫۾΢΢ˣȻַֿܿϡܵѡԼŸͬͣȴÿöݡ
һĨʼɣһĨڱصá


117 
ѿ, ۡ
[ʲôķӦ]
[磬빴㣡]
[, Ȼҵǽǣ]
˶١
һʱ֮, ֪ôش
Ҫǡ
ٿȻ˸ɡ
ƺǸϬڱܵط¶ͻȻҲһֵ뷨, ոյķŭȻһ͡
[ȵȣ빴ǿߵӡòǸһĸ㹥Եذɣ]
ѵ΢, ɵƳһۡ
ĬȻ
ɲǼ䣬ѵ˲к
[ҸովͲ¿ϻеһ, ڿλоϻòǱȽϴ, ҶҪλдҪˡ]
ǵģԭϻҼͷȫǡıȵĲѵġ, ˴ͬߣҲĹԸġҲÿͺ꣬ȻñҲǷֲ, ñĺøҲ˺ܾõ֤ݡ
ƲƲ졣
[ôĻ, ϻĶλͦߵġ]
[һء, ǿӣѪԵϵ׵ܵܰɣ]
[, һֻҲûʲôڲ, ǲѪԵܵ, Ҳԡ]
[ֻ㺦㣬ְ㵱ʲô֮ҾŪ]
[磬ҪȻֱŪɡ]
ĬȻ
ʵϣҲܻء
ƲЩԵɣΪԷòĸǸˣа˳ơ
ŪŪ
Դûѵġ
룬Ƿͷ
[ˣȿ˵]
[ϻӦʮ֪꣬˭ռϷ磬˭ߵˡóȻŪŪ߲ɲС]
[ģϻҲʲôöܲŪһһ]
ڵ˵Ϸֻһ棬ʵϣֺΪĳˣһᱻһɱһϻẦġѾỹ׷ɱģͳͳǳˡ
˾ҪŪ
ߵǣֻҪһȣлŪ

ʯ֮䣬Ѻ֮Ѿ˺ܶͷ
ȫǰϴžӳԹġ峺Цݣشк
أ뼸λ˵ɽλزǼˣ
Ȼû´߱ſӵŵģǸߡ
һת¶ı飬˵ôȫǵ㶼ʶ֪ǲˣ
΢ɲ΢̾¶º͵飬ǲԷ̬ȲãñȽϳϿҵ˵λˣֻλȲӦ֮ʿǼеˣضԶ˶ʶãҲ˲ǣ
ѾͺάøƵģһҹˡ
ĬؿڣӲģ˵һᡣ
硣Եͷ߿ѣ˵ѣ

ȻǶƵ۰Ⲣ˶ʶҲֻлʳбȽ϶ЩŻŮ
ԣһǣļӵأʵ֪˵ʸûеġ
õǶûֹˣȻҲһĲ֪

һ˿ʼɡ
ø꣬ȻҲ
ûбֳǼЦݺѵԭӺӣܼλҡλǳǣ֮أ
бֱдϡ
û֮Σôǰţ
·и˼ƾҲǰţ
ƲԷ̬ȣǶԷ硢ָΣＵᷳ
ʵòӲӣϲõ͡ԷԸᡢʵǿȴƫƫֻΪԼһڻ͸㡣
Լϲõ˲٣ԷڻĶȴԼһƺѹԼһͷˣôܲӦأ
ҲΪҪѵȥˡ
סѵĲмҲѵάûо̬Ȳ׵ӣָѼһʣȻ˵λʶôһʣҲܾ͸ҰأֻλʲôҪڼǻЩλԸλһЩѡ
Цˣɵ˵Ȼ˵˵õסɣطҪҪʲôҲҪȫջסĸɾլۡԺ֮඼УҪЩûУҸضκõĵطլҲ޷
رⷬøֻۣöԷڶҫ
ϰڹ˵ģʲôôȥֺãͳıܣըˣҲƽ͵˵
״ЩΪѵ˵ӵҪֻ»ֱլӸ׵õĵضиб鼰ȫ۹˼Ǯ
ں˵ֱ˵ɣլҪԪʯˣġ
أ
㹥Եˣľ˵衣
ʲôˣھҪԪʯ
һ߼ۡ
һԪʯ
׷ʣһƷ
أ
˵һƷ
˵Ҳͦ˵ģеҪõġ
΢Ц˵ʶյլۡˣҪӲĻȻصǺ򵼣λ
⻰Ȼе㲻Ծˡ
[磬һô£ͻȻˣ]
磺
֪ô˵ӿʼڣͦһѾġ

˵Ҫǰػﻰⶼһѵİгºζһַǳ޵ķʽ硰ﲨ
Ȼ
Ů࣬Ů໹ѪԵŮ࡭
͵ͬһֱԼԼǾ㤺
ɲ;һѾ
Ȼ󡭡
ѰѡһƷԪʯ˵ĺ־ʹʱĻˣ͸֪ѵǮ̶ȡ
ҲǸӣǸӵӣ߾иС
ȻѵòȻҲϲͣѲƸˣ
Ƹ˴ʲôԵȼߡ
һսĹߣֻǹԷϲõͶѣ֪ٴˡ
ؼ˲͸ı̬
Ҫѡ
ҲǸˣѸٵطصĸı䣬ظ׼ҪԶѵͬʱûҪҲס
ԣ飬ܲ

ѵָ
ѻͦ˽ģɵֿһۡ
ضĵ⣬ˡ
ͻȻһ
[ǰɣ빥ң]
⻰˵ѼֱҪˡ
ͬʱҲòеˣ־ᶨ͹Զ˲תҪǰڴص»ǿ

ѵݼɱȲأŬΪ֮ҲֻƤЦⲻЦ˵аɣʱʹǹȥˡ³֮󣬺ôġ
΢Ц¾ǰлˡ
ļС
[ҪҰ]


118 治찡
صġ֮ʡ, Ѳ㶼˱Լĸ߰ˣʮ꣬һô¡
ѵı, ԭѾ޸еҲ
, ѳԼ
ؿռı֡
شߵЦݽ˽
ƺܺá
ܿ뿪ˡ
ԽþԽݲ覴, ֻҪܸһѺ, ôιϵͻɿرǰɹЩһ

ٸ˵, ǰĻ, ֲ˲䡣
[в, ҵòԪ]
[, ⱲҶûô]
[Ҳ̫ˣ]
ͷ, ˳˳ҡ
ѯҪҪʲô˼
Ѽɲ΢΢ҡͷ
[ûʲôеͻȻ]
[ò֣ҵǻ˸뷨, ͷϻŪԺ󣬾Ͱץȥ⹫ɡ]
[, ˵ʲô⹫õء]
뵽, ѺȻһ١
[˰磬˵ǰû㣬⹫ѵ벻𣿵˼Ժ, ˵᲻⹫Ŷصˣ]
[һ£ǸУҷ˾˵Ĳҵ]
Ҳ, , ˵ز, ȨƣǮƺԴٲ˵ģ鲼ȫ۹Уʵ
ڻɶƵۻż桢˳µع۲
Ȼѵᵽˡ
[磬⹫᲻˰⹫Ե۹ƿǷ˾˵ĵ̣Ҳʲôɡ]
[ң˾˾֪⹫ˣҲ⡣]
[Ҹ˵κһ˾ĸµĲҵ⹫ָƵġ]
Щͬġ
𿴶Ƶ۳谮ѵʱ⹫ʵϣ˼ԼԶԶκһλŮܱ⡣
ѼӦ
[⹫⹫Ĵ㣬ǵĲ²⡣]
[ǲνȵ˺ʵĻᣬҲҪ⹫æġ]
[١]

ؼ˺εܣΨͬһռ˶Ƶģ΢΢˸
Ȼ˸ͷ֮գЦݿ˵ˣûλӽܣߵλѣҲǼ׵Ĺӡ

߸ŵļſظѡ˽̸ʱûв廰ҲûʲôķӦ
ȻѶغʱŭģҲҪֹĳ嶯˽ǣܿǰǲϢġĵΪѡ
ǼȻǺ̬ܰƺЩҲͲٶƽˡ
ľҲй
زôϵˣദһʱ󣬾ͻЩƫתسΪѡҲѡ
ʱذǽһ˵ǲ̫ϲѵƢѺһԣȲУصڣǶѱҲͶǿͿġ

صĽܣЩſ˶ԡ
ϵģܶϡ
[ҵҵҵ档]
[ʵûҪϸȥǣǼǶӵܣԭϻԺһϮɾԪȻһ𱻿Ķ԰ɣ]
[ܽᣬûͷ]
[ôˣܻ󣬹Լ϶ߣشǸʲôѵ˵ǡСҲ⡱]
[ؿ治찡]
һʱԡ
ѵļͦõġ
һû˵
ֻֻԳɹϾвϻͷڸǳġšǶûӳġ

ѵܿҲԡ
Ǳ߼˵Ĺ۸оԼܺѺҲ˼˼ص˵ͷ
λſʱ룺ǹ߰ģҲ֪Ǹʲô
ص߲źۼһԵĶѨϡ
ֻǴŹԶǳԺͼ飬ûҪԵ֮ǲ֪ôģ֮ǰͻȻѪȻŹԶһߡ
û뵽ֱӿѺ硣
˵˲ٻɽﶼûӦɼ׶༪ˣû̷ǷΪ̷öȥ˶
صͷüͷ΢΢塣
ˣôԪʯ
ԪʯصǵĻԵֻǵòġ֪ԭľߣֻҲ
ȺɱҲãʱͰԪʯˣ֪ġ
ôʱ򣬶Ѩ߳ЩˣŮӢÿ⼸Զ֮£ŮҲΪòݲѷɫڼǵķСǡ
ЩŮѺȻ˳ӵطֿߣԾŮһ
Ǿܷḻˣʱмİڣܵ˸ǽɽ£ӣɾҵȲʹѾɱˡ
΢΢ü׵
[磬ͦİ]
ҲԵͷڸѣʵڻӦ
ѺķӦ֪Լò
ʵӦҲܿ죬Ǳ˵Ҫ㣬Դ˿еźȻҲῴġ
ҲǵҪ
ǰһһֻǬѣ˵ʬˣ빫Ӻɾ¡
ʵϣԪʯ󣬷ֳǲԪʯĻܡ
ǻ˳ְɽĿӿݸ
磬˵磬Űɡ
ùֱսǬ

ѵΪɾӿֳһ˿õԤˡֻ֪˶ˣŻΪɾ
ض˶٣׼һ¡
δϲλᣬƷòȻǰúܡλΣ֪滹
ѹȻ˳ڽӻҸճɻ飬Ȼǳġķ羰̻һӡ
ҪһԸ»ķȻеҪѵö࣬ؾЩ֣ȴû¶ʲôߣǲɫ˵ԭˣӼҵ׺ʵѹָԸլסˡλģҼǲ羰ãҲ֣иῡܿΪѣλʧġ
ⷬԱߵλſֱͦ塣
һ˵ҲöһӲ֪
һЦ˼
ﻮһĨɱ
ѵ׼ˡ
ѲĽϰԵ̧ͷס
磺Ȼˡ
أԽԽüˡ
ſ̲סء
ɻԺͬٿȻеĽˡ

Ѻصʢ£һǡ
صģŻͦӢˬġ
ѿɲ졢Ӣʲôģֱ˱λ˸׵ġ
عȻϳ˱ƷףԽ̾ѵʲޡ

ش죬ѵʱ˳ѹûôȡ
˳ҲûʲôͶ˵ֶΣ൱ˬذǴڵϡ
ѲŸ³ſլʱȻһɤ
ŵܣ


119 ˣ棩
[˻]
ѶȻһ
æס, 
ʵֶ֪ܷģˡ
ԭǹֺԼҰ±, ڷһλҲ, ȻǺԥأ˳Ϳ˹ȥ
ȻڲԶվŸòӡ
һɫĳ, ͷϵͬɫխϸѰҪԵһЩټҲȽ, Եͤͤġ
һ, ҲŮ, էһ˵Ư
˿̣λ΢Ц̬Ⱥͺ
ԭղŵѡʱҲº񣬶ʻѹòı˸, ظվһʱ򣬻ԵøԸУºҲ·еƵġ
գգ, һ, סԼİ
[롣]
[ոҾ;غжλ, òƻǱȲϻ]
[Ǳ飬ЩûٳԿɡ]
ǵ, ȻӻûбԼ, ɾƾ̬, صЦԴӲģ, ƶһϻ

ؿˣǼɲس˳飬ҲǱźƽ͵̬ȣһЦ˵߸磬Ҳ⣿ǰ˵ȥˣԭǰˡ
ϴЦЦݴֿ
ֺͺд裬ЩһȥˣҲǵʵںļҲãˡǾŵ㣬ȥôѡϻź棬峺λǾŵʱʶѣ
̫˽ˣȻ˲ƶϳ
ֹ˵ϻδλһɵɵö࿴˼ۣʧ֮λĪ֡
أ
ϵˣ

ӣϻưص˵ͷȴ˵۹ⲻ
һӦѱضĵˣڸϻӰѻ˳ظĻȥء
Ȼѵ
[˶ʲôϻûôӦˣȳһѣǸʲôӦ]
ѵ֣ҲȥصķӦˡ
Ժ󣬻Իȥѧء
һ뷨Զֹһ
ûŮȻ˲֪浽ʲô¶˽ԼҹӰֻǰЩӦ׹ʵ﹫ӶûʲôøˡȻǾҪϸ۲죬ʱܹԼҹӱ֡

ϻȻ֪صǰôģİҲǨͣ΢΢һЦ䣬Ƣܺá
ذҧ
жɣʹ֮ǰϵһʼǸкøУ
ôѸҲѶ̬ȣûжôã
ػһѹĵĲʡ
ӦҲ׼ǣǱϾǣҪԱǵˣѲġ֮ǰѾ˲ǵˣزŻͻȻѺ磬ǿܾ˲ǵģٽС
ΪʲôһС⣿
ΪԭһԻˣȺϲϻµķ˵ļǿѡ
ΪǶΪ֮ġһ˷һûԲĲŻǷ򣬼Ӵ˶͹ԵѶȡ

ҧסеϻ߸磬⻹е£ȥˡ˵䣬Ѻʾ⣬ӣӣߡ
ϻؿڣŵܣҪȥµլӣ
üͷ΢ɿ˵߸Ǵ˰ɣլӡ
ϻгЦѵŵܻ֪ǰЩȥһָպȱ˵Դլӻ͸ˣ˵Ǹлľ顣ֱҲһլӣΪúģҲͽˡĹϵӺʱʱҲһԼլӣլӵֵģҲˡǲڣŵҪǴ˹ȥˣֻҲǽȥģʱǵ𣿡
˵ϻֶתЦλѼ£ŵܴãżģҲЩ嶯
Ȼָ
֪һϣϻˡ
ףǸӣΪ⣬¶ĺøлἱ½
Ҳ
Ѳ˵һ˵Ȼ㣬ǾˡҺͰҲͷˣǣ
˵꣬磬󲽾һȥȫص
翴ôݣѵһ˲΢
[辫ʰ磡]
[ˣ]
[صĶλȻߣϻĻȻǲһ˿򰡣]
磺
Ȼ٣Ҳڸˡɡ

˳빥ԼغĺôܻԼȥӣôථ˼òŮɾ˰
ŮǴӵѽݵľ¥ȥһͨԸ׼ܷǼҹӺɾζζȣһæת
֮һ븺̷ͫڸһ÷һ߸𱣻ǵİȫûͬǰȥӵϢŵôܵ
￿һ𣬳źŵͬʱҲ¥ĲϢ
ȫϵģϻλķ
һĹϢУʮء

Ѳͷһˮ
óһֽЩΡ
ⷴӦҲ̫ˡ
Ǻصͺ磬ûɣϻأ־ʵΪ˫赡ңǡʮܡλ˵⣬еŹ֣ôǣųʮܡ⺬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ЦһϻصĻơ˫赡Ҳ֡ԭͲʲôǣԴҲޣܱȽϳڵӵʵʵò̫Զǰ漸ûȫ͸ɴһϣôܹҲöġܽȥΪǸ˽ܵĹϵã֡Ǳ֮ģͰѡ˽ܡ䵽ˡʮܡ
룬ͷͬе˽Ը⣬ʮܾʮ¡
[ǵҲʵʲôĺ޹ϵ㰮ҰѪ]
̿Ц

֮һЩɫòľҲѼЩ֮ǣܶ»ķۣҲôɻʾ
ż䣬̶ֳֻȵܣҲ˷Ҫ
˴֮⣬˵µĲǣӰһˣΪپ»ˣ빫
ص֪겻ɢģֻǡ˵Ҫٷˣ
Ҳϡ
Ϊִ󷽣¥÷ȻҲӲϧѣǰԼڶףƷ׵ĲɫܳԣôݳޣҲࡣȻ磬ʵﵽףʻǿѲ£ҲͶײɫΪ
Ǯ


120 Ѫ
ϵĲɫﵽʮ, Ʒġ³һЩɨɾĶײɫʮߵܼǮҲĸԪҡ
ǻǶ, ׵ĵ, ׵
׵ʳģÿһҩֲÿһͷ޵ļλڼƷԪʯ𣬶ÿһɫʳѵֻһҩֲһͷǱȻǲֹġ
Ҫϳӵ⿣ΪҪйעԪʹõþҲǱϵĵϵðһЩĵرȵȡֵܼ, ÿһײɫʮƷԪʯ
, ҪҸ˳⿵Ķס
ÿһҩֲÿһͷ޵ļֵﵽ˼ٿƷԪʯͬҪպ, ĸǲơ
׵ĲɫһļλٰʮԪʯһİʮԪʯ
˲ɫ⣬ƹټʮϰٵԪʯ
ѵٷ, ҲҪϾŰʮƷԪʯ
⻹ûһЩӰ˵ķá

ÿһ, ѶǴΪҲѸͣȥһ˻ʳǡݼ־ܸϼٸƷԪʯۺϼƷԪʯĲһٷͳԳǧѿƷԪʯ
⻹Ϊ̫Сˣ˺ݵľ¥, ﱸµʳҲࡣȥ, Ѳôײɫѡ
, иͲˣҲˡ

ѿɻǵأ֮ǰĶѨһСѣۺҲʮһƷԪʯΪϻԴ̣ҲƺҪõš
ڣصͷӦûжԪʯŶԡ
ΪѣؾȻҪˣ
[롣]
[Ǻô]
һ̣ԭе㷸ĵ뷨ɢˡ
֪ѵ˼˵ȻҪֲʹӦɡ
Ѷʱ¶ֻı飬ȴûƺ˵аɡ
һ˿
ͬʱҲţǸˣȴ˵ȻǸ˲ӡɡ
ҪץסᣬźۼظС
뵽⣬ؾú̹Ȼ̬˵λãȥƹ񴦣ͲλˡλŴˣȥŰݷãѡ
һ
Ǻ˵л
ؾ͸ˣתȥƹˡ

ӴصƹרŸƷײɫģʵȻҲͣȻǸ־ҲЧؼҪˣİ¼
¥Ĵֳ࣬ڸոյ뷨Уһʱû⵽ƹ
º͵˵żλ˻Σѣ
ƹ̧ۿأոżȥкȻҲǷ˵ġ
ϾȺĺһȺŮˣǺԪʯļƣֱǰδǵǹеĹͣҲܵģ
ǣضʱʱע
ƹʱ֪˵Ҫ˶Ҳͬ˵¡
˿̣Ц˵żĹͻһǾŰٰʮ˿ƷԪʯ
ճڣؾ鲻ԽѿڶŰٰʮˣ
ƹĿ˶ȥˣһ۾Ϳص𾪣תӿֳ뷨治ɫЦݿ䡣
ع뿴ȡһСӣרΪƵĵ㵥ӣдһĲĵʳġƷ׵ȣλȻҲһĿȻע˽ڡǵĳصȵȡ
׵Ĳɫ¥ء
ֻúѣһ˲еհ
ʵҲ֪ԼѪģҲ׼Ͼλһܹ˵ģ¥ݳ޵úܣǼһҡ
ҲǾãҪЩƷԪʯܸԷˢˢøУֲǰöԷӵ£Ҳֵõġ
ǸѲǸ𣬻ܳԳԪ𣿳һ̶һҲڰɡ
Ǹ磬ʵǸ߳٣Ҳ֪־ԪʯҲˡ
ȻŰٰʮˣ
أ
ر齩Ӳ
ĵ׵Ĳˣ׵Ĳˣ֪ˣӦǸ־
ɾҵ棬һλ־ߣΪͻƴʱҲרıչأԪʯỨڹĵرϡġ
һ־ѣʲôףҲ³

ô龫ǣһ߸ϻһ߸ԴΪ͵ƣҲһǧٶƷԪʯѡΪԼƾЩԪʯ־ȸ㵽СԪʯЩ㹻ףʱͿԺԭϻһΪǲɺӵĴڣҲܹԸˡиҰģʱ뿪ǣȥԸ߼ǿߣʱܸĴˣ뿪磡
һٷҪĻͳ룿
ȻˣиСھ򣬿ҲǧԪʯ
ͳʹ
Сûأ
صָ΢΢
ҪǲԪʯֺݵĵط棬˵Ϣᱻȥûˣڼͻٹ˵ʱҲٸԷ¸ӡˡ
ҪǣѻˣܵˣôȻŭͿ϶û취ٹԶԷˡ

ѺεȰعˣ˵ֱǲߵ˹׷ɱ
˵û˵Щøе磬ֻҲúⱻ˷ѣͬɱ⡣
ܳײɫ־ʵضΪǿ

뷨ֱƷ־ᣬʵֻǵʯ֮䣬صˣͬʱҲٳľ
Ȼ£ָֹסǵ
ͬʱ΢ЦŴԼǬȡһЩԪʯڹ̨֮ڡ
١߰١
Ű١
Űٰʮˡ
ص΢ĬĬš
һҲģ
ƹͬҲصۣʲôϵأЩģõԪʯĿ㹻ˡ
ȫպúҲϧ˵û
˵عӳִ󷽣Ϊ壬Ȼˡ
氡
ǿЦЦ֪ǹά黹Ǻ˲١
ţתͷȥոո˵ȥԪʯˣǾҪ󷽵㣬߰ɡȥԵ̫ˣͺٱԷͬȼĿҲûöԷʵˡ
ŲŽŲǿԼת뿪
ô룬һٷܳԵزҵ񲻸֤˶Էĸ̶ĹԵȼһһ˳ԣ˵ˣ㹻ˣ
ؾԼĲ²е
뿴ڵϻ߶ص˿ûԭ࣬ҪˣѺŻ˲ǵһܸߣҲѵõһϲϻϻڲ֮ء
ԣظȷԼǶԵġ
Ԫʯͻ
Ŭ̬µĲȴӿ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊҹζ࣬ϽȥȥɽԪʯ
ʱͷͿԣˣдԪʯ֣ȥݷѡҲЩĿ࿴
ﵽƽȽĵزϣԳɹ


121 أ
Ѻһڹ, Ļ鲻
˵ǰظ, ܳ˴ң˿̼Ҵȥҵķ򡣡
ԭȥƹʱ, ʵߵȻȥ, Ϣؽغƹ֮һ۵ס
͵, ², Ҹʲô
ش˵ȥڿˡ
̲סЦ

ǲĸ, ȵɽ, ԼֱҹǱж
ɽǸѨʱн룬ͷɸɾ, ȳ, ˲ʱѵġɨһȦ, ƽ, ûʲôھĺۼҲ΢΢˿
ע˳ڿĿʱԪʵƲڹ
Լ֪Ǿ˵пĵطվ, ԼĸԸǹﳯھ򡣡
˵ÿ˵ط, ĸ
ĸ֮ܳΪصĸ, ǾѾ˱ԵķȫĹ, زй¶ϢŻǹڡ
ЩĸҲȷʵʶûһ䣬֡
һյ衭һ㡭ʱ
һʱȥˣڳʯѻ˰ɽȻʯ⣬ѹһԪʯҲûС
أ
ûУûУûУ
ôûУ
ط
زģԸڣڣ
ĸȻ׷ױɨ˳Ҳиɽʯ׷ɡ
صѾ˲õԤС
ףΪʲôᷢ仯ѵ˵ѵɱ֮󣬾ͰԪʯѾڳˣǲ񰡣ô֪ԪʯϻΪʬǲڿӵģҲ߶Ĵʱⷢ˼ԪʯӶһڡȺˣûʬǣúЩǻҺһЩӻҶѻڶѨĽѡ
ϸ۲ǱڳĿӣ涼Ǻͨʯ飬·ɽһ֡
ûֹƵġ
ѵ˵
üͷ
ѵ˵ȻҲǾǸѨ
ֻ˵Ϊϻ˻ڣԼʹԤɱˣҲ䵽ߵǻʲôδ֪ĵطϻȥڣ
ӿֳ˺ܶ²⣬ʮֲʡ
ĸǼûнͣҲͲͣؼڡ
һֱڵ˽ʱġ
һ֣ȵȥɣ
Ѩȥ˲нһɵȣʲôûС
ϡ
ҧгݡ
׼ȥйߡ

ŮѺ÷ʱѾȻߡͷж˵ϲõĴլӣܿһϵеĸĶѵһ㡣
Ϊʲôϲ
Ϊô󣬳ϲ⣬ûʲôϲˡ
ҲΪóⷽѡ
Ժ󣬺پƮƮع
ӣɾ¾Ѿ䶨ʱסˡ
ѵͷַԸǼûԶȥ׼Щȥһԡ
¶ЦݣЦٻлӣ
ʱѸɨʣµĲˣһӦˮҲˡ
ѲͷһЦֱۣ˵磬߰ɡ
˱ͷףҲЦ⣬˵á

ռܴǣֻڵķó΢Сһ㣬ʵͬﵽֵ꣬Ҳܶࡣ
ܷôࡰſϻһȵ£ǴССļ֮ӣʵҲڷó֮ϡϾóǸΪŮǵʲõռҪĵλҪȥһ֮أҲôᣬȻҪͣһЩ
ɼҺͺҲ٣һֱôǿҲҵĹϵáΪкܴϵκһһļҲ뻹֮ࡣ
ǶЩĶĿЩҲгеȻġ
ǣи޶ȵںݾ¥⻨Ԫʯյ˰լӵϢȻҲŵҵ鰸ϡ
ܿ죬Щ֪ʲô֣ʲôйӴȵȣʱ̫ˣľһʱĻû֪ġ
ԣѵȺͻǮ̬ȣرֳ˶Էô׸

ѲŸסլвͶ
ӣЩԳе඼빫ͻ԰ӡӵܵľۻСȵȡĿӦΪ˴̽ӵʵԼڼǾסʱ䡢Ŀġ
ƲƲ¶ࡣ
˵ô˵ͬӵܣȻеԭ򡣲׹ףҲǺܷģ˭ЩʶϹ찡
Ѱڰ֣˵Ƕһȥ
ȻһЦӦǡ
û
ԭҲҪίߡ
ͺȻʣȥʲôط棿
ҲȻػش𣺡ùºȥҵĵطͣҲĵطͶķʳ
еڸе
СԼڸеͫ
ǣҪŬȥҡ
ʹҲ˵ǵĹûСɷʳܶϡȻǲһҪԷһ׼ǵķʳǶǾϸѡԪģһپͻٽһ㣬οҪ죬оŶ٣
ʱ䣬ն˵ﶼһĨʡ
룡Ŭ

ȥʱѳ˸˵ǼҲȥһңǻҪסʱ䣬ҪˣĵطҲֹһ
˶ڴЦ˵ǣӣ
ŮǺʶȤط׷ɢѵĻ̲סЦˡ
еΣѵͷ˵׽Ūô˼
ѲõЦ˼
ҲȰ˵Ƽģ΢΢ͣ˵ҲǴˡ
Цøˡ

ͫź󣬾˾ᡣ
ͫﳤżһĿޡɽ¹˼ʮģ֪ʲôطò棿˵֪ˣҵ·û
Ұƴɱ꣬ԴʵˣȤζȥҺĵطأͫǶ·

ͫ˵Ҹְɡ
룬ǸԼֵĻᣬҲǸദĻᣬ˵ܴп˶ⷽϲãԺһһ𣬾Ͳס
ͷˣ˵ãȥ¥ݴǱ˶࣬ϢҲͨһЩǵ̸ۣٴ͵Ļƣǽܡ֮ɸѡɸѡһȥһ£Ӧиѡ񡣡
ͫúе
УȥݣȲӦøϲ羰õĵطɣ²⡣
ţ˸ѯĲ¥ڡ
ǲǵģʹ֪ˡ

кͫ£˱衣
ͫЦЦ
ͫ衣
ͫһԼύʵ
֮ĺʱȻһɤ
λЩơ



122 ëȻ
ͫһֱǸܶò, ˴ȻתͷԷ档
վ˲ǰһλӣΪ, , ǰǼϻֻΪӻ, Է̸
ڣϻʲô
ͫе㲻⡣
ûͫôƽ, ϻ˳, һû˶ദ̽˸ϲõҲûϻᶯˡʲô, ֻ֡
ͺܷ
ͫ˵, ˼ҶˣҲöԷڶ, дһ衣
ϻһ֮ԵˣϻӲžЩɡ
ϻ˳ָ϶ͷһ̬
ˣˡ΢΢һЦλǸӺͬġ
ֻͫõͷ, ֪˵ʲô
ֲ졣
ϻʼմȻ΢Ц, ܺദ, ҲһĪ
ҿλ̨ƺʲô£֪ûҿ԰æĵط
ͫĬȻ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ͫемܲס, ӹ
ϻӷ, ǳΪӰ, Ҳͷ㡣
ϻһЦûʲôͷģǲҶ¾ͺˡ
Ҫ⣬϶ֱӾȥһ䡰¡ӻҲ֪ϻڳ˵λȻҵ˸ǹޡ
ԣ˼ϻ˵ݶˣҲֻܶ˵
ϻĻ
ϻӷҵȻ֮á
ϻЦƺôʲôǵľ绹Ҹ߳أҸýһǰǡҪƾܣͼ˵λӢƺǰǽˡ˴˶׽ЩǻһϻҲΪֳǡˣ֪λֳγƺ
ն˲͵ܡ
ϻ̬ȼãҪƾܣӶԷƵġ
΢飺ϻ֡
ͫ촽˶ʵڽвҲ͸ͷǴӦˡ
ϻЦʱǳһ˫ҲŶ˵Ĺʡ
ﲻˬء
ͫǲ̫λôڣʲôѲɣƼǼҹȲҲҪĻ̫Уϻʵ̫ˣҲ໹ֲʺϸͬŰ
ãͬźܲҪǻϻǿĶԾˡ

ѵϣǰ䳡ǵݺ˷²ûʩչʲôԪȥҲʵڲСն൶
Ů࣬˷עǼҹӡʱ̷⣬ʣµ˼ҲϡǼȻǵŮʿʵͲ̫Զѿʱǿɶǻ˲ʱϵģ㹻ԴṩҲƵϽ١ʵֳǺܶ࣬ȻҲܴǵԼĶ
ʱ߽ͫ³
˳ֽһ׵꣬
Ҳֵǹ˵˵бһۣÿ춼ˣǴ̽ʵĵطû
Ҳ˵ֱ̹ˡ
ӣ黤ԭȥ˲¥ûüϻ﹫ӡ
һ㶡
[ϻ]
[겻ɢģҶûţһϢ]
[ǸأԼõİɣŰ˵Ҫ]
ͬһѾ
ַԸˣϸ˵˵ɣôˣ

ͫ
ʲôСϻôˣ
ϻǼҹǱߣǸʲô

һһʮʵʵذԴϻ֮ȫ˵ʱ൱ϸϻÿ仰ظһ顣
ʵϻжҲûʲô˵ǵҼеȤ֮ءͷ֪ѺԺϸظָʾƼжʮط

ѵɫ΢
[磬ϻ֪ĵطҲ̫ˡ]
[ǲǡ]
[ÿϵ׽ġѡ߱ȥͬʵطˣ]
ΪȻ
̧Ѷǰ鷢Ĳ

ڼ
ϻ鵽ͷƤ飬һֱֺȻķչҲƺ˳£׿һиؾͻ֣ᷢڲ¥ڨʱʼ֪˶ʮطٵն˼ҴҵذЩطȵ㡭Ȼһֱֻն˴һ𣬰ҲûвڣҲ˴ľС
ֿµġϸĸϵ
˵ʵеëȻˡ
˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲô·ӦʱͷƤ飬ëܡ
ͫûĸоôţҲ֪ϻо뵽ƽʱԼܹУҲɹеؿ
ͬʱҲѸٻ˽£˵ԼĿ
²ŻϻӦң²Դǣ춼ŻϻԻҲΪԵʣ´糣ϸֱ棬Ҳϻ̫׸Ƽǰȥ̽ʱʵûʲôͬȥıҪΪӰ£ӦƴǲǡȻʱ֪أֻһ䣬ϻ˼
ţ΢΢ף˵˵ȷЩŹ֣ԺԶ㡣䵥ˣٿǣǲֻܾˡ
ڻͦģȻæؾʹӦ
ͫҲҵ֣ͬشӦˡ
ţȥѽȵĽɴ༯ɲᣬ
ͬʱҲ
[磬ϻоϻǸʲôֶ]
ҲüѶ˵ҲֻΪݡ
ƲƲ졣
[ΪνġǡҲûܰ]
[˵ǵ˾ôֵֹġרŶԳɫء]
[־ᶨԻɢſ£Կüˣըëˡ]
ݸ
ѻ
[ҸǸʲôϻʱ򣬵Ƕûо]
[ûУ]
ʧЦôܣ
Ҳ̲סЦˡ
[ҲԣѪԵҲܵܡ]

˶ϻġԡֱն˺ܿصļǾȷ¶תͷġѡ
˵ڶ磬ѻſ绳һڴ˯ʱؾˡ
˵ֻǱԼĴʱһ㣬ͻΪʲôҪأأ׼Ѱеס


123 ŵ
ؾվʯű, Եĺˮе㷳ꡣ鷳꣬ѾҪ̺ô, ʹ, Ҳǻŵġֻһ, Գɹ, һÿ
ˮšͤӣɫߵĲԶǳƬĻԣͷײʻ, ý޷ǳ
ŲµŮ洩󣬶켫ˡ
м߹, Ȼ
ԲԶŵҲһλŮ, һ͸ѣòʮ
λǲɻģֻ, ÿŮɫܲ
ͬҲطԭ֮һ
Ĺ, ȥֻ˵, ˸֮⣬ҪŮ, Ͼ綼ŮΪġ˵ʱΪȡ˵Ե, һЩߣ֮, ԭֻ, δһǱ, иܴĿ, ֱȢȥˡ
ԣϸϻ˵ͬʱüضԾŮķе񶾣еֻһλǿӶݣе˵δӡԭ߰Ľǵˡ
һܹ࣬鶼ƯĹҪɹЩҲָƣԵؽ
ĿǰļгھŮӲ˵ķЩòŮӣض⡣
֮УȻֻһܿЩŮȡ
ؾ͸㲻ЩŮֻǵòҲͰˣʵ֮£мй֮ʵ⣬Ҳвͬճ˵Ů϶ǷȱġߵЩȴȺޣûһģĺЩС㣬Ȳǵȡ
⣬Ů
ŵǣЩ̷һλߵòˣȻȫԪδʧ
һ߰Ҹѿ¾ֻϲӵһ˵ͬʱЩŮ֮Ȼԭľû˿࣬˶Ӹԣͬ˶ϲһ֪˾һȴӲմǹ˭¶ǰߺøв䣬˼Ҳǻибġ
Զ˵µЩŮǲǱǽƵ֮ˣֱǼ˰˸ɫˣ
ǻڸθͣ
ƳһŮǣɲü

һߵĻժǻõЦݣߵһλòŮ˵ĻƷ׻ǵЩɫãĥɷۣͷǴЩɻɫһͬġҼǵбܽغǵĸɻ䣬ζġ
ԱߵҲȻһЦϸϸֻժڸ˵ЩȥǽüɹȥĥɣǡĲá
Ц˵ǹҪǳϲʹͣҲָǿ
һλ޹˶߹˵ҿǵϰɣڻǼЩĻûѩˮ࣬ɫãζûõʱֻϵɫɡǻ˼ѩˮĻԺ׸Ӳ١
סͷͺһյѽҶˣⲻǳסĵطǰլӵҲʱʱѩˮš
˵ѽҺлѣȻͷӷϣйӳԵò˳죬񲻾ǵĹˡ

ΪߣһĹ˵ͬʱҲû磬ʵϻҪϻһµġ
˵ŮǵȴҲܶһ
ܽغ׵ҩֲҩºͣĥɷģɢȥһ룬ֻһ㣬Ҳͬʱõͽ׵ʳˡ
ɢȥЩɢȥˣͲܲҩֲĸͽ׵߳𣿻ܱġͽ׵ζҩֲĲ
ѩˮĽ׵ԴϴеʣһСǿԴٽҩֲֻ׺µҩֲЩҩֲʡĸԩͷֻࣿĽ׵һѩˮֵҩֲ౶ϣʹȥ˵ͽҩֲΣ˸ЩζЩûбãҲ̫ˣ
Ȼ
ѵŮǾǻô
ѸǮɫ΢΢
Ȼ뵽ԪʯûҵҪƽȽͲԺʱֻöԷʣԼû˴룬ܲ;ö׵Ķɣ
㼸ڵģҪͽȥҩֲʮԪʯͻûˡ
ɬĸоѾܾûйˡ
˼ְЩɫ澴взŵһߡ
ôҲжŮ٣ϷͿϷ֮䣬ĥһ¹ԵķʽȽҪ
ʱһλĹȻŹҲ壬Ȼ˵ˣǰ
صͷλŮһʯ·
ﰵ⣬ͷβаʱЩŮ϶ͿʵҲܰû˭Ǹ⣬˵ǵӦõģ͸֤ѵ̬ȣλ
ؾãѻҪ԰̬ȡάķΪ
ţƹصĻȣһ仪Ĵլǰ
ִ˼ţһʽ͵ĵط

Ǹʵķ䣬˺ʵƤëǣصԿȻɫȻһɫҲ·ûκη϶ʵȴǳԲͬޡͱġǵĻܵġҪﵽ̶ֳȣ˵еˣѡƤë͵ûѲСĹ
ǽ챦žۼԪ󷨣ǶԪʯڵԪﵽʮ֮Ũ
ɢĻ˵Ŷ⣬Ǻεȵľ飬Ȼۼ֣ⷢѰĲǸ˱ۼ
ҹȻˡ
ͬʱϸشԱСϸʳι£ڵĹҲԪŨ
һ
ô磬˵ĺ̫֮ˣԼԳɹҲܣǰѣǶеĶ޸
ذһѹĵףЦ˵ѹӽ˶ʶء
бһָָۣһĳλӣ˵ɡ
رʹ̬һҭ䲻Сĵطɿ⣬ֱǰдƵġ
ĵ˵ңҲЩͶӵһ˵ʱмЦһǼƨطµǺܶࡣ
Ƥ΢飬ֲµˣԵЩԸصʼҲԴģҲǱŰҵġ
˿̣ȻС
ҼѵýӴѹĹͣȻǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ΨֲܵġЦݵ˵пУϼȥ棬˵ȤζأҾ֪ĵطɹ档
⻰ȻЩζ˵⻰Щҽȥ˼ĵطǡǼǸϻӲ۹ҲƼЩطе˼ġ˵ʱҺͰһȥƣЩϵ˼Ҿ˰ɡ


124 ݱ¶
һϻ, ͱܵؽ䱸
ȻϸȥƷζѵĻԼ⻰˼ԡЩΪ֮
񡭡˼
ˣΪʲôҪϻ
һʱЩò, ˼λҲûйʲôϸ, ҶԷ߸ϵģҲ࣬ʲôֱѹ, αػ¡
û뵽ϻиһ֪ߡ, ԼʹԷҲҪ𣬶ĿȻɽۻ, ͡ǡˡ
ֻ̽ظ͵µ߸, ȷ۹ġ˵, Ҳû˳ʵ, ύġѡڶ࣬ʱֱǳȥ, Ǻܷḻġ
Ȼ, ȴЦһ˵ó, ȥҰ£ȫ, һǳĿ϶Ҳ, ʵڵúܡ˵⣬صһĨŭ, ô, ߸鷳, , һִҲûУҺͰ粻ڴ˵һ棬ȴţǵûɫ
رһͨˣû뵽ѲֹЩƢãϲŭ޳ǰôһǮԷΪµӡ󣬽ڿöԷúܷ

ӿתѸƷζԷ˼ӡִ硱šɫ

غȻ׹ԼһʼԷӡ󲻻ԭҲӦðչƫƫһ˺ЩӸѣϻּ룬˼ɸȥ£ǿһֱšԷ»һ˵¶ɲѲͷȻˣȻöԷϼӷźþãΪʲôʶҲĻŭ
˵˾ЩˣûøϸƨĵϣͰ֮ǰĺӡȫûˡ
ˣ΢ָоЩˬ
ϻϵĴУʲôӽ˵һǧ˰٣
ò˵ϻʲôĿģЧˡ
Ѹ֪Լһǰˡ
룬ǰˣŶԷԽá覴úԽױױ룬ӽǳΪѲŷȥѺۣȴһξ͸²࣬ȵʱѹûʲô˼ѣֻһģٳϿҡٲźۼؽӽԷҲֻôǵĶ磬оꡣ
һݣæҷʡ
ˣǸ㹥ϰˣ˶˵öֹˮûи飬ⶼݳġమĽ˵ȴҲܸӣûʲôɱ仯иʲô̼ġ
ǣذԼ֮ǰäĿŸѹȥ
ʱɣ˼ٯٯʱ㹥ˣŪɳ׾ٵһȣԷ˷Ӧûסӣҵġ

ת˲䣬ͨˣ̬Ͼ͸̹Ȼ
سϿҵ˵ѹӣԲסˣֻŴǰλԼŰݷãˣȴλֵ»λύҲðǸ⣬߸ڼеλߣ»ϲѣܱһǻ飬˵ûʲô˼ȷʱšĲǣ»ȥһ˵Ҳ볤Σλġǰ֡λ¡
˵ʱصɫº͡
ȻѹҲʶλʲôʱˣһӣҶȻӴλλ졣
һ˵һ߹۲ѵı飬ɫĻ࣬Űġ
˵زֹɺСѯʣѹӳȣҼеĳҪ׽ͶӹҲֻǻӭ֮⡣ȻӲϲͷ湫ܸȣȰ賤ǵľǡֻҲ֪ӵҪȥȰ裬ЩҲ֪Ҫ˵

Դʹؼ󣬾һֱĹ۲صı飬ȻͿĹâԾٱ仯ӡ
ԣһغһһ
[仯ͦҲ֪Щʲô߰]
[һ٣ܸ徲һ˰ɣɱٹˣžͷ]
[Ͻȥϻȥ]
[ϻƤҩȷͦƤҩľˣɣ䣬һʲô]
[⻰׵¶Ƥٹǰɡ]
[ͼذ]
[ݣ磬˵Ҹòø]
ѵ֣ڰ棬ʵֻڻӦʱѵд˼֡
ɡ
Ҳûʲô˵ġ
Ϊϻص鷳Ϊ˹鷳ȻܿϷѵ˵ݺͲܿϷˣ
ֻҪǸɵӣ֪ԺʲôƨͶøˡ
ǸʱֻҪֳﲻ˭֪ǣҲܴװͿʲô֪Ϸ롣
ԣƳһۣ͸һ̷ŵĴʹ˸ɫ
ͬʱԼЦЦ˵ҵûʲô̫ڵҲֻλһλʶѡڵķóǣҲֻǸѰȳǳء
һ㶡
һλʣλǼɼҺͺԶһλʣԵȴҪЩɼλλ
ңҲλġ
ɼһǺңӵܣﱲﱸܳ谮竣Ҳܻӽˡ
ֻĻƾʲôӴѵã
ܲټһңֻӦһʮСɡ
Ȼ󣬴ʱز䣨꣩ˡ
ʵǫЩȻǹӵıңȴʲôѰ˼ңӭŮ¼޵ģڵǳǳأҲΪóˣӵĵλɲһҿɱȡǵŮ֮ӣܵ谮ﱲܹӣҵĸ˵⣬̲ס߶Ҫǹӣҵڿɲǰ˳ͻΪʣҲûλ֮ࡣҪߵĴʹҲǲϵģʳ棬Ϊ˼õľӴԵԹӵĳ谮ʹͲϣ˷ӳ棬𶼻᲻ء
صͫ׽
뵽ѵĲ²ȴҲֻԶƳĳﱸܳ谮ĵϵӵܣȴû뵽ԷԭǳԶƳǣȴǱȳԶƳǸ£
𣬶Ƶǿʥ̥Ķǿߣ
ټһǣҲ˼Ҽĵġ
ȻûпȴҲ֪Ƶ谮СŮزȷһ谮ޱȵСֻ֪λСʵݶѡ
û뵽ѾȻǡ
Ǹɱ
һ̣ͻȻһɡ
ݵѣ߸ɻ˵磬Ļ˲ϻĺ󹬳Ա
ϻô


125 
˵ԭǵİ, ѹֹ˷ˡ
ܶҵ뷨һʱƷһʱؽģûж, ѸٸǣұʾԼЩ¶á

ߺ, Ѵ˸ǷĻ˲䡣
ˡ
һ֣Ů˳⡣
, ˵̫Ƿϡ
ǾúůģΪΪ, òŰ˷, ڣҪ˵ɧš
Ҳ˽ģͷЦҲûʲô˵ģȻǱӦһ£ؽǾͻɺܶˡϲ, ǳ, Ҫ̫ƽ˾Ҳȱ˼𣿡
˵, 
ʲô˵ʲôʲôӦʲôӦ, Լʱ, ڡոռ, ȻǲˬعˣڱԺ, Ͱ׵Ժ, ²ذ, һƤȥˡ
ǣ˸ء
ôԺɵʲô벻ġ

ǵĵλܸߣǿĲһλڡҲֻôһλ˵ɼҡһ֮ϵĶ壬ôҾʹڶңصͷڼ壩һ
һġ˫赡СͺóѣܽѣȻѣͳЩ㡣һʮȥڸ涼˳죬ҵҲ󣬵ڣȻΪʵƶ޷һȴҲеͷϯλˡ
ȻȻģغϻҵĵλܲһ㣬ͬĸֵܣƾӹ֮£ǵĸ״ļֵܣΪһļͬʱصĸ˼˵λӣϻĸԭǸС檣ҲΪͷһơ檡
ʱʱ̶̿ھϻء¹檵λһвҲô֣ϻһѼ˸
ΪԵʣԺۼԼĶŮȲϡ˫赡Ϳ㣬׷վӣ˺͹檡Ϊϻش꣬Ѹ磬ǹǿƣ˺ӭͷϣǷֲȴгΡ֮ڵƾǼƾ޵ͷռϷ磬Ҳûѹ檾ˡ
⻹֧Զֵ֧ġȨġϹ۵ġ
ܸӣ㡣

ѷǱߵ뿪󣬴ǵػصҡ
ͬغ˵ĹϵǺܺõģܶز£˶ذˣܴĺôҲԷһ
ĸӺ޼䡣
طԼĹԳ⣬ȻһӦǻȥ
Ȼ˵ԼҪԣ˦ϻҲԩ

ûʵĴլУںȲ裬ָȾɫ˫Ҳͬɫޣ𪵽ûһ˿ƵݣҲԲ
ɫ߽ţ˹ʣôˣҵıӣ
΢飬ʵλû飬ΪԷֻΪλһеģǸõģλǵһˣï}ˡ
ⲻӰ״
ֱ˵İԼ˾޸׼Ϊϻ¶¶Էӷ¶˵ˡ
ҪǿģһǶԷһ׼ҰϢȥһĸܲܽ˽ŵ¼Ƕǣô
΢Ȼζض˵ǸѣĲܳΪġѡǵļϵܰ
ʱλ˺ܴʱ־ܴո˵ôˣִһת־ã̫̰ܲˡ
̫̰ˣǻŪɳ׾ġ
ɫ˵ĸײҪ¡ָ½˵񻹲ʱĸҪģȰѹӷԸãһѡ
ɫ죬ȻûдӼг
ôͲʱˣҪˣ̫ˣ㻹ҪĲźá
üͷ䵭ǿĸףҪ£ɵĽ
һҭ
ܲ˵ضأͼı⡣
˻ֻЭ
֪ⷽȷӵģΪģȫֲѡ
˰˵аɣȥǸӼһơ
صͬ
ûϻǸ²רŸԵļˡ

˵£øһСϺ͸Ļ˹ΪشϢ
ذȥ˵󣬷ȻѾѹȷݷãȥʱȴǨŭΪ߸У֪ˣ˹ӣҼʱӦ﹫Ӱ£ֻ¹ӶҶ϶ȹӻȥ󣬸һ졭ʱҿܳе𣿡
״ҵֱߡ
ءϻվУ˴֮߰˳ԶܲԸ
һ˵Ŀϻϣдżֲá
ϻƽʱºܵôˣ𣬡ƽʱڳСС֣Ϊ㿪ģҲͲ˵ʲôˣǷ˴ӦԵõҿǺã
Ҳźӣ׷ֵ
ϻϻεòˣ
ѹӵĻ£ţǵ£
Ϸ˵ƽʱ̫ûзִ硭
˿̣־ϻȴ¶һ˿ί֮ɫ
סίؽ͵λ֪ŵܵҪѰЩɹĵطǡ֪ЩطҪһ֡Ҳû˼̫࣬ΪʵһλŻĵͶһ·˹ȥֻһ֮꣬ЩطҲܸý⡭
Щͣҵˡ˺⡪Ҳúе˵ףϻȷȣҲЩӵۡ
һЩתΪ͵̬ȣֵ֪ġǹ⻷ˡ
˵ϻĽȫ˵ƾ˵ЩԣֻҪģеǶԲοͻ͸Ļ˿ǾȻ½ƣֱ̫ǵˡ
غڽϻһ̶ǰϻ˵ʲôţ־ԽᶨġøԽˣԽױһξͺͿÿÿϻҲΪƵԵʡ
ϻˡǶͦһİѡ
ĻУ࣬ԡ
˵߸磬ôģʲôãѹˣ˾ǱˣǲǴֻ£߸ƽʱʱͺ˼ɣЩҲͲø߸׽ѹӿɲЩˣ棬ɲЩڼǵССɱȣ
ϻѵ˸ͷ̹ܲ
ôҪӽˣȻϲӮ٣˵ģҲе⡣
ǽӽءѡĻѣȻ
ϻ׻Ǹһֱ˳ŵˣһʱûס˵Լʡ
ŵôȷλѵ죿Ǳ̨ǣⲻ鶼û
һ仰ڣ˵ϻʱЩ졣
س߸磬治֪װ֪ǶƵ۹еĳǳأʳϵȫ˵ð谮ҡײƭǧһƹҲͰ˸Ĩˡ˵⣬΢΢ɲʲôС£߸磬ǲ֪еذɣ
˵õġȫðǿߵֶܶζǲõģΪ˲һܴĿģĿĺ󻹿ܱŲòôʱ䣬ȻҲǿֶν¾ˡ
;úЦ߶սսҷ£ϻȻʳôǵɣǲΪϻ˴ھѣ˱һ㣿
ϻҭסȻԼ˸Ц
˵ˣϻͲҪˣҲҪȥӽѹһˣʵʵţʲôʱ֪ԼˣΪȥ⣬ӵҲˣȥɡַԸأҲҪȥˣҪáΪͼλϻ³̣͸¶ϲ㣬һġҪ̫źۼɣزѹӼǺҡ
ţֿˡ
˷ˣҲ΢һЩŮһᣬ׼һݺ񣬵ʱذѶ͹ȥ¾ߣҪ
˶ׯشӦãġ
ɡơŭĿɨϻɫ΢΢ףͺʤ£Բͻᵹ
ʱȴû˻ᰲοˡ
ؿģԼʤһ֣Ϊ⡣

ҵ˶æµ
Щܹ̿㣬ͷº󣬺ܿͰϢ޵ش˸ҡ
֮࣬һЩСеĴ̽ͶϢˡ
ȻȻģǱ߾徲


126 ټñ
˵, Ǿģ˵ǲǵĸҲĲͬʱ˵ҪϷұ, ˵̫ϡҲͬ飬ԿΪż
ǴӶһըѾͷĲӣ²ظһ𰤸ȥˡ

𿴼ǲǸĳǳأܲסԭиϻӵеľ߰, ô˶иϷ, Ҫ벻̫ͻ, 飬ֵøͬĶеԡôܹġ㡱ͻͦġ
һ, Ѻ˳ϱߵһǰ
̬أͬһĻԲ״̬кܶСи¡
ЩСеʢŲͬƷֵĻɴصĳƬ, ǳеŵֵܼĻ紵ȥʱ򣬻Ʈ, γһġеСֱӾһСɽ, ɫٻ, ֱˮƮ, ߷, ܰ˵˫۶λˡ
ЩСȺ⣬ںߵĵطҲųƬĲͬƷֵ«⻨ÿһֶǧĵģɢ㡣

վںߣңϵľ
[磬طȷҶûôĺ]
[Ұ¼ͷĸ⹫ơ]
[]
[Ҳ̬ôأǻڵߡ]
[ԣŸϻͷǻ]
չҡҡЩ΢
ʵ
ڣܶŮŮϷҲãҲգֻڵ̸顢ĸ«έ˵׶ǵӰ
Ǹϻĳͷ«έС˻ƣԶһҴϣɾԪ͸պñĲһ߷һߵ㣬һߺƾơ
ȫûзϻ
ϻͷȴɾԪʼĴ֮£Ȼø
뵽̾˿
[ңñҡ]
վԱߣѿԼϣ̲סͣ˵ʱӲҲ͸¶ݡ
Ҳʱ򣬺Ȼһɵ
ʡǶڴˣ
ļǺܺõģ󣬾˭
ϣָоǳɵ̧ͷ˳ķͿ˹ȥ
ǰԶĳƬɫһеȴСĻͷվŸʮͷӣüĿӲʣ¶ѯ̬֮
ӵԱҲһ꣬ΪӢ
˵ʵҲܲ
Ƽǵı飬磬ʶ
[ûʶ˵ģñɾԪ]
[Ǹ˵͵]
[òԱ˭]
[ϵ񲻴Ӧþ˵ǸڸɾԪ֮еĺĲɡ]
[ĲҲаɾԪһŶǼ˳ۡ]
粢ûдѵÿһͬʱҲȻػشѵ⡣
ڶƳЩʱ򣬸պǣ˳ְһѡЦ⣬ǵʱл黹㲻
˵䣬Ҳû˶ɾԪĲ΢΢ͷǳԼݡ

˵ΪصĴڣϻҵĵλǱϷ˵ģںܶԾɴ覲٣ɾԪĲǾ֪ԷʵҲûôرġ
οص谭֮£ϻҲûܳøɺ˳ȥɺ˵ȥϻƾԼġǸ˹ϵȽϺãɰĽ֮顭ɾԪѾȶԺĲˣôɾԪ飬Ͳٶϻⷽ㺡
˲ôȤĶƳɾԪԺĲˣɾԪԼѵ᲻֪𣿶ǸڳˣɼҺͺǳģԺĲҲǻģʱʱͻȥҶԷһд衢εȵȣ顣
ĲȲǸɵӣҲǸڸϺܳٶ۵ˣɾԪʾʱ벻УұͶɾԪѡ˳Ȼ
ϻܻǰˢһĺøжȣõˡѡ׵ܡĶԴҲйϵ
ȻȻ֪ôŶԼãһʼǱšѡ̬һִ˾ٲоԶת䷽ʽ᲻ദɾԪᣬһЩ¶ԺĲһЩʽദ
ɺƽʱΪϻҲΪṩ·ߡ
һΣɾԪͺĲҲǳġ
˻ȻҲϻĽ顣

ɺ˸ϻҪշ羰·߻Ҳվڴͷ
ơɫʱ򣬸պÿϤӰҲͺˡ
ɾԪͺĲǺԼģΪʲôأ
Ϊڼʱ缸һͷ޵ײ״̬糤ᡢΪᡢᡭҲᡣ
˿ǿ磬һλޡ꣬۶·дšҺðܲǻ
ҲһЩ粢û̫¶⣬ɵӴ˾ͻֱ֣ᷢǰ˰ѷļϡ
Ϊ̫ȣɾԪһûסѿھ˳
һʣǡ
ɾԪʱеצ
ոԺʵͺˡ
Ŀǰһ棬ͻȻţ̫ðɣ
кҪֱһ䡰Ƕ˾ͺҲˡǲеϷŪ˵ˣ
ĲҲеΣ֪ɾԪǹģѾһʱҲ벻ʲô취

Ѹÿ춼ۣñͦȤġ
һñֵ͡ܡƺͦǸģǱⶮ£ΡҲء
Ȼؿˡ
ԭǰȰֵġüɺˣ˵ǽס磬ٸл䣿˵ûʲôɡ
ɾԪ̨ףæ˵ʧˣĳλͬδλĳûλ
ֱ׳˵аɣǾͰѴ
ɾԪЦǣϾ
Ĳ̷Ը򣬽ȥ
һС󣬻ͣڸ
ɾԪͺĲ´ӣһһνǳܵˡ
˶˸оһԼϴһ߻˵ǹκҲûʲô˼ǲԷô
ɾԪԾɴЦݣ˵Ҳº͡
ȻҪģλ⻭רõĳӣóصɫˣȡĶʣӦùʧġ
Ѹ߰˵ҿҪԳԿˣҪǲá
ɾԪ˵Ҫǲãĳºץʵʳ


127 Լ
ѳһ, 黺˵㡣
аɡ˵䣬һ, , ҲǶûɫ
ɾԪƢܺá
˵ѱСŸ߰ʵģˡϾ߰߰ȴûʲô⣬濴Ѳ˳, ɾƾ˵, Ҳǻøõ̬ȶԴѵġ
Ҫǣľ֮ԶԶֹһˣʱľȸڳ֮, ĲҲӲġ
ɾԪȫ, һŷڻĴ, һڡˡȥѯûʲôƫõĲɫ֮ġ
ѿ绳˵ȥģҽѣҰ½, ֱӽ־Ϳˡ
⻰һɾԪͺĲһ㶡
Ѻ磿ֿ̫Ϥˣ
˶ֱ𱻸Եĳлؼȥ, ǳ֣صض˵˹ڵ£Ҳ˵ҪζԴ, ԼͶԷơ
ɺ˶ԣ¶ȽңԶǿ, ˲ǿܽύ, , Ҫ̫ࡣ
ճ, ҲֻǼ˴֮꣬ǱȽɵģѹûǧλ͡
һ
ѺΣɲܸǵ
ֻǸո˸עھϣѹû˿̻ͬˡʱǶƳɽʱһһɨܣ¾ЩѼ֮Ҫ͸ѹӣֺˡ
ˣҲֻѹӲŻҪôߣҪ˺ѵõĶֺá

ת˲䣬ɾԪͺĲﶼ뷨˶Ĭģû׼ͽġ
ϾǶԣĻ׼ġˡݣԼǡ˵İ¡
˻Ǿһǰദ
Сˡԣֻֻе㲻ءǶһۣﶼ뷨
ɾԪЦųƺ֣֡
Ĳ֣ͬЦԭλ벻ǳ̹Ȼص֪£ⱻ̵ֺһҪмӡɲóǶ
ѳһۣ̬Ⱥ˵ˣһ֪ν׽ˣҲòô𾴡˵䣬ƺͰ׵Ժ󣬶ҡҡӣֺ£ȱָˮĳ˳شߴ٣쿴ǣǲǸ˿㣿ͷ˿ֱͦߵץǸ죡ץ
ԥҼɲǣȻ֣˫ϱ鲼Ԫץ˹ȥ
Ʒ·ץ㣬ڶԸĳıĵˡ
ɾԪͺĲһ㶡
λѹӿǺ飬仯죬ֱ˷Ӧԣ־ܷӦȻץ˿ˣ
˾ȵط֣ǵĶ˳磬ȻЩסڼǵ߸ϵƵģֻһ˲һĨ֮Ծ
ǣһգۣ˾Ͱ˿ѹǰױˣ˫ƺ£˿ĵԪ֮ԾһһģΪ
ڷ֮У˿¶ĵЦݣĹҲģһ㣬һֿ磬üۼ䶼ϲú⡣
ˣ
ۡ
ɾԪɰ̾кܶණҪѧϰǡ˵ʱ򣬲ù˼棬Ҳ̫ԣֻƾűھˡ
Ĳ·ɾԪ˼Ƶģͷһۡ
ô˵أϲ֮ԼȻܺãϣɾԪֻŶѧ˱棬ϲÿɸѹӲͬҪɾԪҲ˸˿ģҲ˵ܲһ˧ץױֻ˵ԼԿûʲôȤҲ֪ܲб¶ѹһϲ
ĲǺϸĵģܿʹԼǬȡһֻ͸ƿӣӣԽһЩҺ״ĵر档պÿóס
΢һ󣬺ĲȻƿ͵ѵֱߡ
˳Цشӡ
ͣذ˿Žƿ档
Ȼӡ
ⷬҲʮĬͺһƵġ
ʵϣⲻΪãͨ
ƿһĨ˿֣ӳ͸յһĨչ׹䣬ʵˡ
ƿӣһվڴϡ
ͷʣץһЩ
Ѹ߸˵˵ã
ûԾɷϣҲһЩ˼Ʈ˺档

һԣɾԪͺĲˡ
һЦԼͬط˲ӣŻһȥ
ǰŵںֲˣҲúɡ
ҽıģͷʱ򣬵ȷǻԵ˵ģ΢еɫˣ͸֪Ҫƻա
㹻ԶˣɾԪŸпλĸá
ĲͬҲ˵ѵüİ£ĪֵӰЩֵʱȴǺϲ
˵䣬Ѿ˴β
ĲԸһ£ҪȥŹͣһͬˮֱΪλȥץЩʳġ
ɾԪ룬ͷҲá
˵ոǴȤҪѹӲˮȻʵҲһһ۵ģĲһˮҲʵһͬˣˡ
ͦõġ
˵󣬸ȡ˱ˮӹ䣬Ȼ࿴˿̿
ţ봬ԸԼϢؽˮС
Ϊʵˮޡ

ѵȷǰɺ׵ԺˣֻںĲ˸ƿӵʱżȻ𣬵ԷҲûһ˲ˣļǵõľֻҰԼץĺÿֺóԵ˿㡣
ţһץһܣоʱúܿ졣
ѵʵУǺܺõģҲͬãжݡ
˿زʵ٣ֻǵٶʵ̫ˣÿˮĺһâƵģץʮּѡȻٿҲ׵㣬Ľף׵ĸһЩ
ץҲ޵ģֻںĴ󲿷ʵߣץȷѣԴΪȴᶢץѡ
ڣҵ־ףȻֵ
ԼСʱѣǳں˿㣬ûһܹƣѱŵǸƿѾ˿㡣
ƿӿȥܼ೤˿ཻڹעĺˮб˴˲ơֿһƵ˳ķ˿ֺһ⣬˿˿ߣǽд쾡¡
ѿſţˡ
ʣǾôţˣ
룬ˬ˵˰ɣԸץģȫҪԽҪţһСô죿ֱ׳˵ͷͫץץǧȥôô
磺
Ҳǲԡ
Ѹ˾ͺá
լնˣ˿̽סش˸磬

ʱܿһȦŷɾԪͺĲڻˡ
еƵ˵һȥˣ
Ҳɨһۣ˵Ҳһȥˣ
һͬ˵ͦȤġ


128 Ұϻ
ͦȤɺ, Զĺ̺ʣȻȷҲж˼ƽʱʮ, ʻΪܸõд˼¡
ľĺ֮, ɾԪźġĻױżڵĺ˳忪ٵ׷һɳĳߡ
ȻͲС, ʵֻףɺ˵׷ɱѡ׷ԭҲܼ򵥣ߺ˿һزٵζ䴼, ҵʮʱʳòܱõζ
, ѹӲ׽, ƳҲʵңԶ, ٲ׽ͻ, һá
ҲԵʣⷴΪдѺļ֮

Ȼٶȼ죬ɾԪͺĲŻٽԷ, ת˲֮, ǾѾߵĽǰ
ĲһֻС, ɾԪƵ, ֹ
Ĭ֮£߱, ֱĲһ־, ر
ɾԪЦȥɱ, ܸʡ
ĲӦ˵ǶץЩʲôˣ
ɾԪһ, ش۳Ϻ, ׿ڴĺз, ߣĺ֮ࡣƷޣ಻Ľ׵ģֻʣֶԣ¾ֻܳζˡ
Ĳţе
ڲŹһʱλظԼ棬һҡһҼǵһְƴ¹Сÿڿȡ»ȻƷҲΪۣҼĽסϣҲûʲô֮Щ
ɾԪˡ
ʱ仹ԣȥ׶һңڳһЩݾԶպ׵ģҲܸһˡ
ĲЦˡ
˵˴˶жԾǺǰһ֣ٵˮˮĸȥ

¹СȷңһҵˣҲȷײ׽
ɾԪͺĲϸѰһ࣬Ǵʱȥ˽ҵ¹ССﵽĽףСﵽס
Ĳ鲻
ɾԪЩСǺ£˵һң׵ٴҲͲˡ
ĲһЦұȥɣﻹûҹ
ɾԪס˼ǰ

һεѰô˳һ·ȥԪĴҲЩƣ
ҵסĽ׺Ǿ׼ټټȥδػѵҲᣬϵҲþ˵ˡ
Ĳ˵ȸ濴ʲôطΡ
ɾԪͷһ𡣡
˾Ѹٳȥûãͱƽ˺档
׼ðͷʱͻȻһΪ
⶯ϷǲܿĲĺӰԼӰһȦȦӳȥ
ɾԪ
Ĳ
˿ٿطӦ
һС۸ں棬Ȱ
һ̣˾ûȥˡ
˳ˡ
ǵ߶ϣЩЦá
Ȼ׼˵ʱȻһԴЩĻУңΪϤοĶ˶١
ٴӣЩ𾪡
ϻ
Ǿ鷢ˡ
ִܿһӵĴִһЩʱŻеĻ绰ͬϤȻǺĲܺ
ϻĶԻԼԼ϶
֣ҡҺûǾŵܺã
ȻȻá崿ʵĻ֮úܣ㣬ֻԸá
ֻĽֻ֣
ٽмһ

ĲЩţɾԪ֣һͬεԶһЩѹ˵ϻȻҼǵֻǷ֮ϻҲϲɡôͻȻ͡üͷϵ׽ģǾϻȥ𣿡
ɾԪǰϻûȻҲרΪΤһƳǵĸȥԣĵȻǺĲ֮ܺϻΪѣ̶ܴҲΪϻĲãʱĲ򱧲ƽƽĶ󣬾ֶΪﰵﶼԺĲĺ
ڣϻ͹컯յĸˣǵĶ»ǵһθȵġ
ʱɾԪˡ
ΤǼ׷˵ҶǺѣ֪ôѡھȻ⵵£һֱǣ㻹׵ܵܿ
ɾԪϻ˭ȶԣǶԺĲж˾ͲСϻ£ǴĲǶԺĲıѣϹ˺Ĳչˡ
ĲԭҲЩŭɾԪѿڶĻȴ΢ůһƽ
ɾԪ֣˵ٹȥһɡ
ɾԪ
Ĳ͵ȵʱ¶֪ϻ鲻ԽǶҲ⡣
ɾԪ˳ͷӦ˵öԣǸȥһˡ

ɾԪô侲׻ΪϻвԡʱɾԪϻģϻɻȱİ£ټϻġǹ⻷ãɾԪŻ޷԰ΡڵϻɾԪ˵ǶԺĲİݼڶѡ
ĲȻϻйϲʱ磬ټ־Եʣ淴ԷϻĲףͼɾԪһѣͿɼԴڸԣΪ˴ܹˡ
ǰϻ׵ܵһ˲겻٣ĵܵò٣׵õıĶУϻΪ׽һȴԶԶ̸֧֮ģһ־ߣΪ̫ġ

˵ܿȻεС֮¡
ΧˮԾɲϵط̿ս֮ҡɾԪͺĲҲûʲôεġȵ˶Σʲô
ǷǾ۾񣬴Щ߽߰УȡҪϢ

ͬƲϻͺϺĲйϵ֮ȷ˵˹¡
Ϊڻ飬ǵСɺ˼С·˶ȥȥֱ棬ֻҲġ
Ǹ֣߰úܣôҽһ𣬾Ͳ±Ժʧ
ҶԺʵģ밮ⲻȫҼȻĽ㣬ͷŲ㣬ʹʧҲѡ㡣֣ɲҪҡ
ȻṼ㣬ҳ˺ҵļ̳ˣʽӭȢţʱҵķһ롭ǵֹϵãﶫ׼׵ֶûֻҪȥϣֻܼ޳ȥˡ
ҩ˵ɣϲϰ䣬һʮܡʹǿȬġʵҲΪ˺ãֺϲҲкøУΪ̳ƹܼ壬Ǿࣿʱ˸鵭ˣ˭áʧȥֿ֮ˣšȨʲô壿һڵġֲ֪类ϣóô˻޵ɼȥټĺûһɫģȻͻǼ̳ˣ˫Ӯ¡
ԶԶԣͺңҪʧȥ㣬ҿ治֪ôźˡ
֣Ҳǡ

ĲޱظŻһ¡
ɾԪʵûסѺĲԼı˱


129 ˷
˶ϻĻĵùǺ
Ϊǿʳ, ʹΪƵѹǶƹ԰࣬ǿҲ, ӿİʼղ, ʵǾԲܷġ
ȻɺΣգǺԸϵԼΪԷȥġɾԪԾȸʱѾΪĲɱˣԭĲҲΪ˱ɾԪ
ʲô
ɺֲûͬΪ̳˵ŮŮǸԾ̳ˡǰÿһֻסһʱհˣοһ˽Ҫͷ, չʮ궼ǳе£ôͻ鵭ˣ
ɾԪĲϣǸĲ, þõأĲҪǷˣԪޣǻظʲô
οɾԪ׷ĲĽ׶ΣĲֻڸԼĻӦѡҪԼжԷҲǴɾԪʼ, Ƿ·Ĳʮֺ޼Ƶġ
⻹˫Ӯ
Ѱ˵ôû, ֱɺ˶벻Ż

ԵĶĸһֱյʱ, Żˡ
ĲޱɾԪ, һ, һߴȡϻҪʲôʱҸʲôϢ
, һֱֹСʱ, ʵǳˡŰ, ĲɾԪͬ, εԶĵط˴
ɾԪŭ˵Ҫ㣬ͳʱֱӴ·ȥɱˣģҲǸ⧲֮£Һ֣ȳϻΧɱܳ£
Ĳ֪ΪԼǣҲһʱ˲˵Ļһů
ĲȴûϵΪϻĻﻰúĲ¼ޣֻûܸ˶ĹͷɾԪȻЩֵ̿ģⷬҲԥֻֿ֮һҲҪ̱Լļģһ˿Ŀܵġ
˿̺ĲѾٳЩõ˵Ҫ¶ɱ⡣ɾԪвޣ˵ϻЩֵڵģǶв֮ĵˣжʧܣʳǳŹֻ֡Ҹϵ׽ԱҸΪˡҪǶ֣ǷãҶҲᱻɣǵĶƣ⣬˶֪˿ֻͻȻǶ֣˵һҪȽʲô߰Ƿȥ
ɾԪȺĲҪ嶯һЩʱץ˺ĲĹؼʣüͷ˵ϻ죬ҪҲڶ֣ϻºҩǳɹĿԺܴ˺ƤҲҪٸӽĻˣ
Ĳһ㶣ɾԪŽ˫ۣﲻһ
ȻЦˣһһ˵˸µ⡣ֺȻӿ٣˺ƤҪϻɱ֣ǿյϢ
ɾԪҲһ㶣ʵ˼ǣ
Ĳȡһ̬һֻŵС룬͸Į˵һҵõƷȻﵽĽףɱΨһֵһģԶʱ
ɾԪȻӦűߣ¶һ˿⣬ɵ˵
Ĳͷ˵ҰⱦС·ĺˮ֮ڣ⵵һʱ̵Ŀ»겻ˣһҶߵԶˣͻὫƷ죬谭ӶݡʱȻһ޵һĻ
ɾԪҲЩ˵˵ǶԶͺѷɵǡǾͿԼʹģϻ˺
ĲЦʱ˶֪ϻңǸԸáҴӴ˲Ҳ£Ӧ
ɾԪһ˵Ӵ㲻ٸϻĻᣬٰ䱸֮еģҲû취ġ޷ҩˡ
ΪʲôСۻͻȻƷϻͺܲܲµģν
бʲôҲͲˡ
˵ĲԪעС֮ڣسСڵķһסԪǾ׼СҲ׼ȷԭ͵λá
ڲдԪ£С˳ˮתƵʸˮΪһ壬Ϣ΢ϵ˸޷Ĵڡ
˿̣ɺҲޱĬصˮС෴ķȥ
γܳһξǲðˮԼڵķλѰǻڣֳǱ߶ȥ

˵һͷ
Ѻץһ˿㣬ȴɺ˵ӰҲνתҳһͣĻһ㡣
ΪõĶϼá棬ʱ򣬲ʱͻϵĺιҪһϡ
λˣҲͬСɣѵڵס䲫ɱһקҲûϵأѸһͷˣͻʱسһסѵ֣һѺק
Ǹɫģڴǰɺ˵ĶȻߡƼְ㶪ڼװʱͻҶСҼǰսóͱá
ѺҲ˴ľٶûô⡣
˶ԣڻһȤ飬Ҫӵһȥġ

ᣬѾ͵ɫ㣬ˡ
ʱͶŵĶϸȻĴˮðԴ
ѣ룡
ϸһԴ죬ɲɾԪͺĲ
еЦ˵ô߳㱻ҵɴˡ
ɾԪͺĲֳֵ͵Ҳһ
ܵĽ׵ĴɲʲôͨĵͣƷϵģ˿µĳĴЩƷ׵ֲɵӣҪλһɢĹ񻹻ϵ
ԣ͵ԶǷǳǿģ㷢ֲˣҲֲˡ
ɺҪֱ㹳ǰǿ»пܱѸ
ɾԪһЦ˵Ҫлˡ
ĲҲƹ˹֡
˴Ӳϴ
Ѷǵӡ󲻻ʱ٩һȥôã˵õʢɰʳ׼ˣ
ɾԪЦСջ񡣡
Ĳ֪ôģǰЩϻԼѵĻ࣬ʱҲ˵˵ʮ⣬߰˳û⡣
üҾĿԴˡ
һغɳ˲١
ɾԪͺĲںҵĶȥó⿡
Ĳ˵ӣҲλϲһ
ѵ
ļѣҲԽ᲻ˡ
Ȼ󡭡
ԶĺϣͻȻը˺ܴˮ
ըȻݵ
һ㶡
ͷ֣ߵ«έģкЩԾǸطȥ
[ۣ֣]
ɾԪ˵Ǳʲô·ˣλҪȥո֣
һ⻰ѺȻЩ
[ɾԪе̫˰ɣ磬ڴȥ]
[Ȼôϲֵ]


130 
ͬɻ
ĲɾԪֻ, ԸΣҲȻһѺɫǵһЩ, һתҲ֪λǶµģôҲûʲôҪġ
ɾԪѿڶ͸о嶯, Ѿ, ͸ɴ°Ȼ˵λΣ
ҡҡ֪ʲôʱͳ, ҲȤ
ȥɣҲû¶
ͷʾѵͬ
ͬʱ, ѵĵ
[ҿǸʲô]
[Ǳߵֿ϶Ѳϵ]
[ͻȻ]
[ǿ߿ߣ]
[ϣҪʧ]
̲סѵ֡
ѶȻһЦ

ڸ˶Ƿĵطȥʱ, ԦŻҲǱ߻оǺˡ
ƹһСǰʱ, ܷڿĺϣС۴󴬵Ҳ׷ͬһȥȿֺ, ·𾺶һ㡣
վڴͷ̧ǰ
ԽԽ, ǰѾ˺Щֻ, ߻ڿУߴڸİ, һСİɽϹġν鶼ˡ
Ҳ, һƬǷ羰ѡĻʤ, ǳϲ, ص˿;Ӵ˵صʱ, ҲʱбƼġ
Ȼ˶, Ȼ˶֡

ĵصһƬˮĸ
ָ, ޸ģֻҶƬƮˮ棬ҶƬҶƬɫġ֮ʵϲ
ô̸ƷףҲͽǺÿѡ
Ȼ˿̣кЩγȥԭչȥĸȺԵ䣬лҶɢȥ߸ߵֱˮ˾ߡ
ЩεһΪ׳ˮ
ˮӦþǲĵطиˮвϵתתˮ߰ɸߣǾˡ
ˮм䣬ȻаҲڿٵظиֻ˼յӡ¶СȵĳתԪزס壬ֻҲɿתת顢ɢȥľƬһˡ
Ƿŭ;ȣȴǱҪţһĴǿǿסһˡƺƬƣϸȣ˶һţŬز¶Լļ

˶Χۣڶָָ㡣
û뵽˫赡еϻӾȻڹ컯֮¸˹ϣ˵ിǲǴҲ֪ȻǱˡ
ǾҪֱˡ٣˵ո磬һۣλϻӵӵȷǻ¥ͷҲѹõղأҲ֪ս˶ٻغϣǿ۽ˡ
Ҳ磬ʱϻӻõlһأ˲òడ
ǰɣ滹Ҳ̫˭뵽أгһջܿⳡ棿
ˣϻӵõ˭ͦġ
㵱Ȼ죬ǼϺҵһλĹӣкҲǺҵһλμţҲڵϵĲ֮£Ǻ˲õġλһķסǵ棬ĿЩûϳ
ô¶ˣߣ
֪˰ɣǲߣոһ˴Ӻ׳ֱӾͰǵС۸һ룬ǵġȿȣ¶ӻǿ㣬ģϻӾͲˣ尡æʣµǵҲЩ˶˸һƫƫǹǸˮˣҪǲֱӱˮ¶øѿ͵ÿӳǿסǰСˡϻòУѹǲҳˣҲڴʹȻһûϺãӵС۾Ҫ塭
ǡ
Ҿ˵ʲô˫ˣƽʱģģú߲ƵģʵϻӣӶɫǺõĻɫɫϼɫģɲǸɲһƬҲȲ𣿲ְ֣
¶ɹ˼ģҲ֪ϻĿô룬ǵĸζⲻÿȺײȶĿ˸ȫǰƤӣ˻˲˲ãѹסôˣ
Ȼûֱ˵ʲô̫Ļ۶ͣڡ˺ɫϻκá֮Ļϣߵ߶ʱʱǲƵӴɨȥǱ¶ļĨӨסԼʵ޷סһЩ̺졢ĺۼ
ǴǼüŪ۵顢˴˶ӷ·𲻿˵һĽȴֵչֳʵ뷨

ϵһˣ龰۵ףͬЩҲе֪е׷ʲô¡
ѵЩ΢
[ɾԪ۶ӣ]
[ûʲôÿģϻǾǻˡ]
[磬˵԰ɣ]
סѵ֣󣬱ʾͬ

ʵϻͺôϹ㣬ǶиߵĴģҲûи˶飬̸ʲô׽飬ôǵ˽¶ͦġ
ĲɾԪͬϲֶΣҪΪϻҪıĲɺ˼ʹǵ˽飬Ҳô
ӣɺ˷ŭ֮ȥ˺ǵƤҲûʲôοԡǱʶҲΪԾȶѡַʽô¡ʶϻԵʣԴ󣬼һЩõĻᣬ
Ѻԭ
ǿϻ輸䡢ؿۣʵûʲôͬġ
ϾԭУǿͣƵǼӵļӺߡ

ϻ߻ħǶӣ½ͬǳصţһǳеԫԭиϵܵʦð÷Ȼԫ԰û̫㺣ԫ֣ԫҲųԼߡ
Դϻ⹴ԫȥҲû񡣰ȻܲϲϻҲЩԣĵزֻǶϻûкɫѣȴûжϻʲôֶΡ
Ȼһʱ䣬ŷԫȻֻϻĶ֮һɾ̲סˣɲŭָܵϻ㲻Ҫ޸ԫˣҲǰԫʦֵģԼʦֱô軹޷룬ɸֵͬʱҲȻϻܶĻ
ϻʱѾָԡˣĬĬܣͷȴܲþôŮˣҲϻоʵȽϵ͡ϻߵλߵƣҩúüһұ¶ڴ֮ͥ¡
ȻڵҲʲô٣ܵ˿µ裬һСûԹͷĹôܣǿûɱҲܲЩ۹⣬ǿȥݼ˼ǰȥĸĸ󣬾Ѫӿٶ
ԫ֪˰ȴ֪˭ģ԰Ҳ֮ģȻֵ顣鼸ȱϻתߣϻԻʲôӣĿϲԼ˻ɱҵףҪԷɱϧϻʱҲһ𣬻мͷֹԫʱ򣬽ɱ
ϻԫ󣬿ûǸأ
ȻڶԷͷС֮£ѡˡѾ֪ˡ˹ȥϧǰˡԭ˶Է
Ȼˣڤڤ֮ҲΪǵϻɣͷΧɱɾԪҵ¡

һ
[˵ʵͱϻԼ⵵¶ƾǺƤ˵Ҳ۲ɣŮŮĶ࿴ۣҲ԰вǡ]
ѵ΢΢ͷ
ɾԪĲԶԶ龰Щӡ

ҲֻһЩֵĸۣļС߻طһЩǲκѣͻȻ֪£֪һ̽š
ôܡ
ǡϻӣȻ
ģϻӷҪȢӵģЩ˵׷ɴδӦ
ϻ˲԰Ȼֵطһˡ
ǲ
ƣСˣһֱεֻʱû֪ϻӶѡ
ϻӪúܺãȻп׷ȴͲйϲˡҲЩŮӽΪˣеȥеɫէէףһ顣
ѵעЩϣǷ·㣬˺󷽡
мӰӲֱֱͬرϻڵĵط
⼸ٶȸȺϻĽߣϢٶȸ
ǰĵȻʵǿģΤ裬羰硭
ںЩģʵļλֱк


131 һȺñ
˲Χ۲ͬ, ΤǼʱ򣬶ֱˮķġҲʱˣˮҲ֮ǰ׳ǿơ
Ȼˮڵ龰Ҳ
Τ輸˿˰Сϵĺͳϻ, ȻҲϻϵĺۼ, ֪˸ղŷ¡Ǹ·ϣʵѾ, ֱֻۿ, ǲȷ϶ѡ
һʱ, Τ輸˲֪ʲôܡ
ϻ, ڵϻ, ȴǸһӹ죬¶˵֮£
ǿҵռĻв޲ʣһӿͷ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ϻΪʲôѵ˵, ǰ, ȴȷЩһҪһ롱Ҳʧȥκһ޷ٵһҲеƫĻ, ѵǺƭǵ𣿣
Ҳʱ, Ǹ֪ǵĵ, ŵϻתͷ, ˼˸ӵ顣
ϻ, һӾ͹еˮ, ǰ, һЩΡһЩﻹݡߡ
Τ˱ˡ
Ȼ, Эˡ
ôأ֮, Ҫģǰϻȳ
µķ粨ѹȥ

ŬС۲ĺҲΤǵĵ
֪Щ˶ϻİ⣬ϻôˣȴƫƫֻһãΪ֮Ժ¡ͬͨУ͸֡
ҵ˫赣Ȼ׽
ɲǸϲñӵˣԼҲѡģһ̽ϻݡʱش࣬Ҳȷûиκһй£صйһĻ֮
Ҳ˵ԭ͸ϲϻ೤ˣֻƾϻûƹȻƫϻˡ
οϻǵֵܵܿȴղܣ͸ĵһֿ
෬£ϻҲϧκͬղܣֱ޲ϻϲźãϻҲΡ
ϻ˵ģΪҼ̳˺ӭȢϻҲʵġ
ֻǺû뵽ĻС۾ȻϮˣ
֪Ϯǵĵ˭Լмɶ󡭡ϻ⼸׷򰮳ɺޣض򰮳ɺޣǺһжˣɾԪͺĲȵȵȵȡ
һʱ䲻֪˭æſСۻȴû취ȥѰףֻºˡ
ڼΤ輸ˣǲţǵĻȰ¼֡ң⼸ˣܾһȣҲǸϽҪٸ˿Цˣ

ǣ˵ͷλ⹥ĳϣˮ
Τ輸˶Ժ޺øУ׶սߣһкͬţŭصź⣬˶Ƿɢվڲͬλ׼һ𹥻ˮкʵУɲʲôóҲѹûôˡ
Ҳǰˮŵģ˰ں̬Ҳָˮϵĳط˵һ﹥
ͬʱϻڴ񿴹
Τ˽յߣȻǺʹ죬ȴҲһһ

ģΤǼ˵ִ龰µüë
ΧʱҲ׷˭֪⼸λſеλ׷ϻӲŵģȻϻӵȷǲлˣһǵ٩ʱȻйŭǵù
һЩ˱ΧҲʲôҲ׷ױ졣
ԲһСȥ⸽ȻƵǼȻˡ
Τ˵ĶԻž֮У˸һ֪֮߰϶ֳŹֵɫֵ˼ӳȡ
ĲûʲôɾԪ¶ֻɫ
罫һ۵ףش˴ѡ
˳ƿȥɾԪı֣е΢
[磬˵ɾԪñ㲻ԭߵԼˣ]
[һֱӸΤǶñ˰ɣ]
[Ŷԣǻֻ׷ߣ̸ϴñӡ]
ݸ
ΤϻڸɾԪʱ㣬ϻưͣϻãɾԪͱΤЩ׷ͳͳɲǸԼ˳𣿳Ȼǻûϻֻ¶;Լʤȯˣ龰ҲԼǱñӰɡ
Ц绨
[ֻ˼]
[»ҪΤǼҪ˹]
[ãʲô]

ˮǱߡ
Τ輸ǰѱ߻Ϊÿ˵Ĺ൱ңΪңָӰһʹˣܿˮĳ֡ټˮƵȷ𲽼٣˼κˮͻȻһˮŽȥżͷͳױˡ
ˮӦ죬ѸٰѴϻ§ڻʱֳܷ͸ϽǬóһӣͬһʱϻϡ
ϻק´ںĻš
Τһ۾ͿһĻ˱һӱסһӵѣ¶׵ĶϷŷۺ죬¶һЩ۵÷·ˮһ߿ֱ۾һ߸Ӽʡ
ѹûԭصţڿնٶȼԶ
ĳΧֻоǰһ磬һģվȵʱ򣬾Ǻϻ뿪ˡ
Τ輸ôܻԭأҲ׷׷Ϲȥ
ϵˮҲƽԾɺѰʱһ㣬һ澵ˡ
ڶΧ۵ļۣδĻδֵѾˣҲûʲôɿˣȻҲ뿪

ϡ
ѾǸδġ
ļǸϻһȰɣȻûֻԼеƣпһȺʿñҲ̡
˵⣬ֶ˶٣״е˵ҲԣܲἸ˴ͬһñӣǵ˭ñӣʵֻһñӣпѵõ֣̲ס֪
ɾԪ
Ĳ
ѹӵһǼֱҪʶñӡˡ
֪ôģ˾Ȼо⻰ͦʹģֵᣬѵ˵ôȤζˣϲֵ¶
һʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪ҪҪشѵ⡭ֻ˵Ҳ㲻ĲǣǾֻпѡ
ĲǾã²ʣҲúá
˵ȻָȤôķչҾ˴ʱ򽲸
͵ؿһۣ˵ãǸϽͷҵסһۡ
ɺ˵ȻڴӦ
ͬʱ߶߶
[ˣôûأ]
[е֣ܲϻʱ̣Ȼɱ]
[ܲһߣȻҵɣ]
룬һ²⣬סѵ֣д˼֡
ûԡ
ѶʱȻ
ҲǰӦûûԺ
Ĺ߶ԣ϶Ҳǲϻġ


132 Ϣ
Ҳ²
Ƿǳעϻλǡ, ܶʱϻʲôͷǻ֪أؾ֪ˡȻҲܴδζ֪, Ҳû֪̫Ķ
ϻȥϵǸ, ؾ֪Ļᵫ֪˭, Ҳȥй۲ˡ
Ҳһ۲죬غ֪ܿǺϷ£Ҳ֪ϻȻѺˣ
ɣһǼΪŭġ
ԭľ, Ϊϻйһξ飬ջõ˺ҵˣϻеĺзǰ, ȻҲ൱ˡ
ǴСͼȥӽˣֻǿϧΪ˸Ĳλ, ںٳţԼѡĹԶ࣬Ҳûϵͳİ׼ȷ֪ԷĶһֱûʲôЧ
꣬ŵĴˣؾץסʾãҲԾõ˶ԷһЩ, ֻΪΧƵ˶, ûܳ׹ԶԷ
ϻʶҲԺͷŹ, ֪, ϻĲ˵ܵ, Ľȷ࣬ȻҲ뵽гһץϻҰϣȻǺ
һ˲䣬ڷŭ֮⣬֮СôƤӵ¹ϵģǰȫûԤװ
رϾǸսĹߣԭ֪˾ˡǽǣԺʲô氮Իܺܿ侲
ͬʱصͷ
иͷȥΧۣʹЩԲΧ߶ϻĹ۸иһƻϻˡɺܿͶסͷˡ
ûԼĿģǹ㹻ʢĶǵˣӶ硣ϻһ¶ѾΧһʮʮ٣˻ỺʧʹȥԴ̼ҲǼӿʧٶȶѣʧֻ²ࡣһͬΧ۵ĺضӡǸΪˣ˶ԷЦٹԶԷͻϺܶ౶ʧȥᣡ
粻ȥ
֮ؿһֳһЩԹĵĸ飬ǸΣ˲ںԵϻ԰֮϶𽥽
ҲУ˼һ⡣
Ϊʲôô׵ѡ˸ϻ˵涼ϻѷɫôҲöҡһӰɣ

ؽüͷ
˹£֪ˡ
ϻЩˣ˺⣬û
ͻȻһεǰһˣķѡʧȱݸֲ
˼ƷС۵ľ˭֪ˣôϻġˡ˵ܳΪԼġѡһҲǿԵġ
Ȼ˿뷨ѹһѹ
Ѹ¶ʧɫǸװ칫鷿
ϻġϢôܲһʱȥأ
ףˣ
ϻϻ

ĽȷһΪĵط˶ϲ˴档
ĲֺأʮֱСͷ϶ͬƥһٲˮµʱŽˮĵνϣڳˮȻЩͷȫΪһƵģһ档
ķ׺ɽУڶֹߵķ֮ЩˮγӰ񣬾ͺлͼһ㣬ѡȡԵøˡ
ʱ򣬷羰֧ȹǡУļٲ֮£ռʢСӿڸӲӻһһſİСϣһ߳ԹӣһȤ˽¡
εΧа˸òŮæµ
еһеİ˿ʲôζеĸ޵ӣеæˮϴЩ߹֮࡭
ԶǼɢӢѲ߰˷ܻӽ޻ˡ
ڵӣʵȻǻҪһ˿ݶǹİȫ
һʱ䣬ʳɽеĻ㣬ˮһγһָȴʮ˵ζϵӿȥ
βԶĵطſһʣһλߡ
˳οڽʱŹ֣ʱһѾ
⽲µģȻɾԪͺĲ
ǰյκ¼˵ҪѴ̽ķչȻҲ˵㻰ҪǰǶϻʱǲȥڲΪԷùǲںʵʱƲ

ǴɢȥΤ˼׷˹ȥҪӺаϻкӼ꣬ȳֹĺ󱳡
һŭֻػΤ輸ҲйͷĶʻһȺ˾Ȼ˲ʲôҹӵˣʹ˴ΧһʱҲΣ֮УǰΪסС˲ԪӦν֧穣ΪѣԽԽͷ
ŴţΧϻԭںмʱͷһˣ棬Ȱ趼ûģһøˣټΧָָĶУ߷֮汼ӣʧ˵
Ǵ˼ֺŷϻˣ׷֣ͣѰҡ
ֻǵʱ˭Ҳ֪ϻȥ

Щͷϻͬ˺Щ˳дϻ䡣ֻ̫ˣҼʹҲҴģϢס·ķڣҵ͵ҲǱע⵽ǵĶʱʱػܵһЩǱ
ϻǾûˣֻʲôԭ򣬷ûҵ
֮ҵɢһЩϢݵ飬飬ڲµģ˵ȻһֱûҵϻϻҹʱԼȻˡϻȫǣڲܴ󣬶ϻ˼ҷݺݵسʮޣȥáϢ˵ԭضϻҲܷŭɺ̣ԼǶȰ˵ϻҩ
һʱ䣬عӡĸߡ
ڲԡϻӡʧ֮ЩϢ󣬶ϻĸйҲ˺Щ
˾ã˫ʵֻعһ˲ǣǶҲ˼ӣҪߡڲΪЩϢϻĸоԽ΢
Χˣ˲ˣҲԺڲķӦڵ֪ϻҺ̻ص˺ԼԺչأЩ춼ϳǰ
ΤǼи뷨ϻİĽҲԶг̶ȲͬĶҡڵ֪ϻҺֶϻϧ޷׵طѾ¼ᶨģ׷ϻӺΪǿıչΪܲΣǶϻذı֣ԶõϻǾϻֻһʱ˶ѣʱ˾ͻףǲֵίˡ
ɾԪͺĲһйҵϢ൱á


133 ͦڵ
̧, ˵ǵ㶫ȡ
޾Ȼһ̣Ų֪ʲôʱ׼õһ, ֻ, Ҳǵ˵ġ
ƮƮһ, ɺ˵ǰ
ĬؽηźãȻȥ
ڼ䣬߶߶С
[, ϻ⡰ǡüҷˣԭȻҲʧ߻ħŰʲôĸ㹷Ѫ϶Ŀɽûһָͷİɡ]
˶, ԴŹ֡
ѷķӦе, ȻݡطӦ
[ȵȣѵ˵ҷ]
缸ɲ΢΢ͷѵĦ
ЩϸҪʣҶ벻ԭϻҾͿߣЩͷȥΧɱɾԪͺĲ֮󣬺ң嶯ȴֻ鰮, ߡҵһᱻ, ԰ϻץ, ѹôʮ

ҲΪ絨, ȻҶ֡ʵ, ҲϻصһΡűǿа˸ĽϻͷŪˡ
ǸĽĶ󣬾Ǻ
ԭҫ
ʵʲôӶûôעֻӶ⣬ȴִһѾöԼըˡ

ɺ˿ǰĺһֻӣһ
ţɾԪ˵ܵ˵ϻɨأ˴ЦΤǼǻȥ̽ҶĴѾԽԽˡ
Ĳ˵ڼϻոͣһһϾֵţ˺ȥϢҲõµְĿǰȫǶѾ֪Ϊϻܵ˽ʮģѾԸٸϻˡ
ɾԪֵûʱߵһЩţϻǰĽתߵñȽϽˡ
Ĳٲϻʧһȥʲôطһ֪

Ѱ˼һ£Ҳ⡣
[ʧһ컹ȥģĸͷͷ¡]
[Ȼûҵȥ򣬶뻹ʶһ˵ǸڳǡڸڳġͲ֪ǵùĸɵˡ]
[߻ͦԩͷġ]
[ϻȥˣˣҲͦ˲ˬġ]
[Уϻٸ˺֡]
ѵĲҲĵ߶߶
߶߶ŷѱе㲻ˣȻҪϵģһ
ѹȻ׾Ϳˣոʲôϻģͳͳ˦ȥҲŤס
[ϲ磡]
ɫӲһ˲Ҳࡣ
Ȼû˵۽üҶ·Ҳдϲ
һĻɾԪͺĲ
Ծǲ̫ףΪʲôǡ¡ͻȻҡˣ
Ҳ̫ǵˡ
Ծģֶһۡ
ͥڵĹȵȷ̫ãҲͦ·۾ģǰεǣһױʾ˴ϲ֪ôģֻúҲĽˡ
ˡ
Ĺ£Ҫ
Ҳʱ򣬷·شƵģַԸЩġ
޵͹̷ǳ¡ҲΪĵģÿһֻĶСɾ£һھܳ£ʳҲΪߵȡ
ɺˣ
Ǿǽ¶ˣ
˺ܸӵسЩȷζãֱʵ
棬ҲιѺüڡ
΢ùĺѴߴٵأ
ɾԪҲͼˣϻҵڼ䣬ΤȰĽ߼ȥ̽ڼ䣬Ƕ½ҹȥ¥
Ȥ׷ʵȥΣ
ɾԪ΢飬λСӵĿôʣое졣
ǺĲܵشǵģȷˡ
ɾԪҲƽ˵Τ;ѡ˻ɣкѡǻղǮġ
Ĳ˵ѡĶ֮ΤѡĻɳ㣬ĸϻоŷơݿɿϢҹɲ¶ʼձſŵơ
⣬Ƥһ
[ȥĲΤʲôƶ֪]
Цסѵ֣Ȼ
¥ŮŮʱӦܻĲ֣Ȼ֪ˡ
Ҳǡ
ɾԪ˵ѡ۾ϻƵĻɣûԼװ磬Լòױɸϻ߷֣ټϴ˫ۣڵƹ֮£ͼˡȻһҹ񡣡
ѣ
[аɣͦġ]
Ĳ˵кѡĻóαŮװϻ˵к˷ˡ
̲סˡ
[кԾɣò뿴ϻŮװ]
ֲ֧ģеΡ
ѺȻ缷˼۾
[磬벻뿴Ůװ]
[ǲǾȤ]
磺
Ķ̡
Ȼ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ȷȤС⸱ģ
ٴοüĿɾԪͺĲ
΢üȥעڹϡ
ɾԪͽţкǸÿȥΤ;˻飬Ҳǹҹˡ
ĲԾɷǳ˵Ǹо˻ͷ󣬸λɡһλͬһȽݻСԺڼ˾ȥݿɿϢ
̿
[ˣǿɿϢ]
[Ȼһȥˣ]
[ɣ]
Ĳޱ飬˵ȴһĻ֮ʡ
Τżһȥżֿȥλװϻһ¶Ӱһ¶桭ûα߸裬ĻɴŲĵͣĻ衭ϵԺ󣬻ɸһ𡭡ɱ¡ϣһԹۿ˸ռһƻͨػƴ
ѣ
磺
һ̣ѵհһ˲
Ȼǹ
[ۣ磡ĺûڰ]
[ڸ𣿣]
[Ҳ³]
[һҶǻһȺϹŰˣ]
[̾Ϊֹ̾Ϊֹ]
һԼмʶ˿̻ǾԼ˼ʶ
ڵײģǲô𾪡

ȺҲһѾˡ

Ĳ˵еεġ
ɾԪ
Ѻʣб𣿡
Ĳ˵֪ص£ָвȤ
صЦЦ˵ֵģҶȤ
ɲǼٻ¸ûϵģֻҪ˼ԸġϾǶģȻôô
Ĳͷͼ˵ǰĹϵͲΪϻ£ȥݷúˡ˵ҪչأǸؼ档뿪ʱۿǺģ۾Ҳ׵ģƺǿ޹дԣصġ
գգۡ
Ȼ󣿡
Ĳ˵Σ뿪ʱۿ쵽ٵϲЦտ仯ܿ졣ȻһֱչأǾݿɿϢѾԼҪһȥɽˮſĻˡ


134 湻˻س
, κ¼ĺչ˵ˡ
ɾԪͺĲһ£ҲǺܸпġ
û뵽ֻΪ˸ϻϯƷһ޵С, Ȼܸôϵķչ
һʱ, ǲɵָ̾ԼϹ
ϹĻΪʲôǰİϻԼأΪʲôΤôһȥ
룬̫˼ˣ
Ѷɺ˵Ĺ۸в, ĲԭͳƵǼôһȺѵõ, ɾԪûԭеԽԽ, Ҳ൱һˡ
ǻ⣬Ӧòپ뵽ľ֮С
̧, ԸŮϲˡ
ȻֶԺ˵ǸҴЩҲ, һöٷɡ
ɾԪͺĲҲûƴǣǲǫѷ, Ƕݵദǿ, λѹǸϲ˻ؾģɲǲ, ƴͲġ
˷ǳɴ˵ǾͶлֺˡ
ѹȻ⣬ʾ, Ӽòˡ
ͬʱ, , ظ졣
[, ϻţư, ʱ, ȻԷչô, ǹ׳ġ]
[㿴, Ȼô¶ɣǲѹôۣһʯƵģɵӣ]
[ɾԪϻԭǰڸϻٰšĲΪɾԪĺֵܣҲϻй㺵ģҲ١]
ĵѽ˵ʲô
ѰָͷգգĵĴ۾
[Ϊ˸ϻģɺ˸£ҷ·һ]
Цؿʲô
Ȼظ
[ϻ-10]
[ϻ-20]
Цĵضѱ˸Ĵָ
ʵ˵⻹ͦġ

ɾԪͺĲѾϰǶС۵ˣѾٱע⣬ǰ񶼷ǰĳϡ
Ѿ˾ϸԪΪŨʮζȡҲ֪ЩŮôȻ׼òġ
ǰǴﵽ׵ĹȼﵽĽ׵ĵľѾ˾ˣ֪Ѳƴ֣Ҳû̫ȡ
ȴˡ
ʮʮƷ״ﵽĽ׵ģȻǰһסӲɫƷֺԾܱԼʵһȼǳһݲˣҲ²ʹٽãǵľʲô𺦡
Եع㣬Ӳ˵ļֵҲڶʮƷԪʯҡ
дǵĶѡ
Ϊ̳˵ҲʮԪҡ൱²һƷԪʯ
һٷóԵ
ɾԪͺĲ̧ͷǡֿٸιһŴֻиѴĺ޵ĹӡǶ൱⣬·Ǹͨӡ
ȻӹӵƷϢ
ס
ôӵļ۸ҲϰƷԪʯ
ƳڸĻŮǣҲͦڵģƺ˽䱸⣬Ҫ־̬ȡ
иСŮȻ˶ָ׸ǴСҧųԡĽ׵ġ
иһСڹ𣬺ȵе죬ǹһΡȻ׵ģ͵൱ºֻͣҪСڵģǿһġ
˶һۣ඼˶Է˼
ǸԼ縺ż̳м塢ػΣǶҪһλˣ
ϧ
ǣ˶ѡ˵˾䡰ǾͲˡԺҲ൱ˬ˦ӿԡ
΢˹һ㣬ǶӺò˺ͶѵĲأ

극ҲҪٽ£ɺ˾͸򵼣ȷĴǽܸһһ峡أɽߢƷײߵҰ棬ͼҰȤѡ
ҰȤ⣬ѵԼǺ¶ֻҪ˳ɺҲϸظܣϸŵģ㶼ѵݣǻʲôûСɵʲôֱҵ߽׵ǿߣǶ군οѶǼ˽ֲȤԥҪеġ
أٽ
һѵϻŸ˵Ĺʣüˡ
ɾԪͺĲͷ֣ΪԵʣŮӣһӲ磬̬ƺ˲١
һĥͦ˼ģҲѸǴǰκ˶ͬưʵȻĺܺദ̲סľͶø
øлϻе鸡
ϾĴ󷽣ʲôǮֻóģûĲλġ
ͱѾǽĵòڻȥǰǸһٷɫʮ˵ɫɫǶٸʢ

ȥʱһȺ˺ƺƵɾԪͺĲֱϣøĻƵġ
еѸٰ˳ѰĳЩ棬һЩ΢̽򳤱һ
Ƕʱ֡룡˲ˣҺɼҵļ̳˲֪ʲôʱʲôԵʰ˶Ƶĺﰡ
ܶΪҵ͹Ϣ֪ѲϲţŵҪôܸѽáִЩ粨һЩҲЩţʱû뵽ʲô취ҵ»ȫƽϢأɺҵļ̳˾Ȼôö֮ظѵıࣿ
ЩŮǵӣҲȻؽˣɼܳϹϵġ
ͺˡ
ܶļǶü˼
ԭΪҵѰ£лأҺûܸʲôӴɺҡô˵ǼɫҲҾļ̳ˣǻץסᰡ
Ҳ֪ɺҵĳҲãء
ҲûôϾûȫ߲֮Ҫźá
ڣԪ/ĲСӶʲô

ɼҺͺңֱ𽫸Եļ̳˴˹ȥ
ɲܶ¶һ֪
ǲ֪
ԭһֻɺ϶ѣԭڡ
˱ѵİȹһܴϻ
֮ܽãȻΪҵ·Сὲ£
ɼҺͺˣ
аɡ
С£СԼദɡ

һι£ûټѹեɺ˸ˣϾҲҪһηչʱڼʲôأ磬ȥˡ
УҲǷֵµĲҵ
ôˡ
ҪĵطõģҪҪֱȥأ
ͷѣ˵ȥȥÿûϲĶֻ֪Ƿ˾˵ĵطˡ
ҲԣʲôҪ߰ģȻµ⹫֣ȫ۹ﲻȥģЩݵĲҵģǳģֲǼ縺ʲôܻܵѵҪݣ
뵽⣬Ѹɴ˵ǾȥУȥصļơ
ͷӦá

оµլӸĲСռһֵ֮ࡣ
νǳˡ
ͺܺѵԵ


135 
ĺ³, ܶҪвܿƷвͬǴŵġɫŵ࣬͸ɵǽ, ܣĻƷֳ, Ҳ˿ԿĴŲ֡Ϊ׸鲢ҽȥ͵ҲǴش΢мʶϸһ, ͻᷢЩǽı, ÿ΢ӳյʱ, ͻмǳֲĹ⻪תǺܶĹԣһĻͻἤߵ³ҲͿ֪ˡ
˿̣м˸պþ, и̲ס濴һ, ʱߵפǽ⣬ҪȥƵġ
ǽ, иΪòŮչΣȻƷܡ
, ûġ
ԱһʹЩĸϽһѣʲô㱾£͸ȥеĹ£
߻е㲻ģȻ, һôˣ
곤æ˵ʵ־Ĵ£ƽʱ, ֻеƹʵﵽ۷, ʤƹƽﶼڱչϴ˲ʵȨ֪ĳ־øոȥҪˣ
߾ۡ
ͻȻ䣬һּΪµΣոдɨ̧ܵһз·Ƶһʹ
ͬһʱ̣߷ӦλǰڰŪܵŮӣͷƳһۡ
һ赭дģǺƽƳԺͷ·΢Ƶ˻ȥȴһ£߳亹Ѿʪѡ
˿ĻҺɫ޲øով͹ܺԼ˫ӣ
곤߼Ҳ˸ոǶ̴ٵ龰ְһߡ
ֻһƬհףӹɣǰҲٽˡ
ϽָϽָ
ָ˾뿪
곤ʵֱӰߴߣĸ⵨Ϊһѵֽŵ
룬һε壬ӦûʵһЩˡ
ҲʱмΪǿϢɨ΢ֱ棬־ġ
Ϣûж⣬ŵ˼ֻ˹ǰ˲Ҫ·֮ࡣ
곤ߴԼڵĵطȽƫպÿԿǸ
̧߲ۣʱˡ
ԭĽֵ߹һȺˣǰλ࿡࿡ܵӣҲߴӢ׵Ļ߸λɫŮ澣Ȼ
ЩˣŴӵһλ绨ڡʽСӣСӵҲһλϢĵͣСʮֵĺǻ
鲻Խٴεɴۡ
ոձĸоȻͷȴҲô־ˡ˵⣬ΪʲŸһСѵò£ʱϴЦݣŲ΢ʱѾ˴ǰλС˸
ߣ
ӡȻô
־
λСӣǸʲôݣ
Ҫ֪ʹйԿ˻ܿҲǿ־ǿǲʵ΢ġ
С̧ۣƺһ䣺ʶң
òȻһЦӵĻ񣬵µĲҵУĹ¶Уǲ۵ģ˹ӣ
˵䣬òѾһȺ߽ˡ
ߺ˼ŷԼոס˺
곤һקסû˵ˣ߰ɣ
ٲҶ໰Ͻˡ
СԻ˼䣬޵ġ
˾ˣ֪֪
⻹˭Ǽǽʲô
λ
ˣҶסλĳ࣬Ҫ¡
˾˷ġ

ѴҡڵشԼ˽Уһɨͷ濴Ҫࡣ
Ů΢΢Ц˵ԼöΪܣ˵ҲרŵľƷӣҲȥżһѡ
ѰڰֵкңȥæҴŰԼȥ
öЦöͲŹˣÿġ
ѵͷҲûٸģȻֱߵĻܡ
кüŲŲʵģע⣡
һɨʱˣҲһ˿Ц⡣
Ȼѵϲһֱġ
ȵǵطԸǶԼɣÿʮԪʯĶȡ
Ӧǣ
ǣѾõնˣҲϰѵ磬ҲɢȥѶѺ硣
ˣ˴һЦҲٺʱʱʱؾеܳˡ
Ͼ̫ˣҲϰˡֻƾôʱķңҲã뿪ǵǸط̫ˣ
һЩѡĿǣöӭʱѾ׷׿ôֱʵǮˣǾ°͡һӾ͵ȥƷԪʯɣ˭ҵİܼӰƽ˸عʣǵͷһôԪʯ¼Ͼɵ٣ĶеϢܿ˲µȺ˵־ãܲ˼Ұܼӣӡ
һʱ䣬Щ˶ͽˡ
λָ©Ҳ㹻˰

ʱʼǮҲҡԥο⻹˾˵ĲҵȥԪʯҲһ˵ˣʲô
ڽӽŲʻѱϳͬ׵ĵرҲԥڹ̨϶˶ӡ
ʮԪʯƹƹҵ˹̨ϣĴƵġ
ԿƬ̨С˵Ǽȡɡ
С·ǳɫæȥȡҲͬ˹̨ϣְЩԪʯΪ֣߿˻ѡ
Щ͹ˡ
һ鶪С˵ġ
Сϲýסл
Ž򵽵Ķˣֲͷ硣
⣬ʣµļԪʯ
Ѹ߸ˣٱһܡ
翴ˣҲǺܺõġ
Ȼ
⣬һOO@@ĽŲ֮ģһȺʮˡ
й󣬵Щܼ룬ŵֶɫԳƵģ˵Ĺ۸оͺһƮƵģеѹѹġ
ͬʱиԼŮ𣺡ʲô»˽һ¡
Ѿе̶ŤͷһۣȻۡ
ȺȫŮ죬ŵȻǳͬŵʽǱȽƵġϸǵòƽƽϵģҶǵ۵ü֮Կ̱ĳ࣬û˾ÿ˳ۡ
Ⱥ˴ӵһȵòˡ
λĻνǹˡ


136 ѩ
ڿ˲, ͱס߶߶
[ȥȺСǳͨˣû취, Ҳڶ˴ɣòֻʣ֣Ǿ͸ˣ˼Ҫ˼Լ۾]
[ҪǶҾ͵⻧˼, ɰ㿴мǸʹģʮ˰, Լǻ֦չģ߷ɫĵа˷Ƶġ]
[ȵ, ΪһȺĳɣô, ȥ粻˵һҲ˳۰]
ʵЩ߶߶Щƫ, ֪ô, ѶȺ˵ȷûø, ҲΪ˵Ĳϲ, е㷸ˡ

һ߶߶Ѳط, ķӦƽʱһ㡣
ǷǳСһ㣬Ѳˡ
üͷ΢֡
[磬ոôˣ]
һʵֻһ˲ѣȻҲ֪
һ, ĵӿһů, ˵״̬ɳ
ѵд˼֡
, ٿһ
Ѿ΢ؿһۡ
һ֮£Ҳסˡ
Ϥס
[ذ]
һ˲ѷӦ
[أ]
[Ҽǵ˵سúѪԵϵ衣]
[мòǸ˰ɣ]
Ѻ磬ôܻ˵硰ѪԵ衱硰ѪԵ׵ܡĻΪ˴˵ǣնˣ᲻Ķ޷ıʲôҲڰν顣
˵ͷ
ȷһѾϳˡ
ȻѾʮȥˣó֮Ҳϵú˵òȼûʲô仯˵ʮ꣬ʮͷѡ
Ǳűģܼǲס˵
ʱ򣬵õȷϵѾ֣ȥһߡ
[ԭѹҿ˳ۡ]
[ߣȥԪʯ]
粻ݸº͵ؿѡ
á

ѩխϲҵõˣü޽ңԼǡѩС㡱ǡˡֻҪĶȨҲܷعһӡԶԶǿͬǡ
ԶѩΪԼɸѡãȻһΪжϻ⣬νʮ̹ϻ˸ֱѹϻǸҲǰǴˡ
֮£ѩȡЩ˽ǮһǣƺƵУҪȴ᲻ļ£ȥٺҫһѡ
˷ϲ¾ˬѩ˴Щ߰飬״شΧĻܡ
ͬʱҲһλӽйС¸Ʒ׼ںʵʱ׳ԪʯȥҲջΧĽ񡪡һΣٿƷԪʯ׵ıǼµģ
̹
Ϊ˵ѩ˸˲ˮҲܷʵƾЩˮƽģҪ֪޽ʱɲǿأͱҪϼ꣬ʺʵͲˡ

ѩյػڻ֮ߣС¸ܵÿڸҲ״Ƶţʱʱ΢΢صͷ
һԣŮҲ׷׿ڣʱʱؾҪάһʺϷˡζĵرԷܽ˵ļԽˮ֮ۡĻҪԱᡰòɲ䡱ҵȳڷ߹۷ѾҡҲֻз˵ĻòϣҵһζĪˡ
ѩԽԽ־
ϣ˭ϲأִ
ô
ѩһܴݵָ̬ڸոտױϵ˵㣬촽ƽ˵⼸Ҫˡ
Сʼձ΢Ц˿Ҳͬƽر۵ĵرջֵʮƷԪʯױ̿ղҩֲֵʮƷԪʯױֵʮƷԪʯϼһʮƷԪʯڽףй֮±ܣһͬԪʯ
ѩеۣȴɵ˵Ҫһһɡ
С˵õģ˻뿴ʲôΪ·
ѩ˵㿴žˡ
С£õġ

ѩ˴˼ƣĵطڹۿôģҲƵһȥһ²һ
ѩ˷ΣԽԵΪԼĴҷ緶ء
֪䣬ѩ˾һ
ǰ˲٣ͿõĶպþڸˣҲûǰǾʹפ㣬һס
ѩ΢ѩҲ°ɣǰ漸һˡ
С±ۣĵرһʮƷԪʯǰһʮϼٰʮ
ѩָ̧óһֻǬݸС¡
С̬ƽ͵ؽӹǬĿְѼｻǰû¶ʲô𾪡ֺõɫѩеʧ
ѩһתо˵Ǳ鲼ȫ۹ģĹ¿ʱᾭִĿЩԪʯܵȷᾪ
ţǿǿذԼ
ѩ˼ƽذѱֵת׼ŮǵĴӵ뿪ˡ
ͬʱҲڵ˵С̾Ľʵ
Ȼ
ûС
ѩ˵΢΢е㽩Ӳ
ô£˲ٰ˴ֱʵػôûзӦ
Ҳʱѩ˵һƹײע⡣
ͬһ˲䣬ոѩ˷ǳľ˷󣬵ϸϸشĶ
ۣ治ǡ
ֱʰ
û˶١
롭ǧ
ĽĽ
ѩ˵һ˲Ť
ѹǶĴָһˣ
ѩһûסҲתһͶע߿һط
ʱ䣬ͫȻ
ǹ̨ϣӨ貵ĺôһԪʯ
ֻԹƣáǧģ
һ̣ѩ˵Ťˡ
ԼҲû֣ü֮䣬ĶǼʡԼԹ

һָһ˵
վһЩȱȻС֪ĻӦ
[˾˲ĶͦģƷҲ]
[㿴ۻʯǲǿԸ㵶Ʒʻԣͨɡ]
[óԣҼǵõģ]
[ʲô̳İɡ]
[ɶǰҲ̹]
Ȼû˵ĬˣȻȫûйͨϰġ
һֺ󣬳ɫرϲĲƷ⣬ѡףϰҪ˵һƷ׵ıѡױҲЩһҪڷԼһҲһЩ
֣йµҪ
öһд
ʾ⣬Ԫʯ
ö˵ǧٰʮĵӣȥһ롣
̹Ȼܣָ΢΢һǰһƬӨ⡣
òôϸֱӸǧɡ
öﺬЦ¡
˴˶֪òּۻۡ
һԪʯѳЦЦѶ
ͻȻ䣬ȴֹġ̡С
תüͷ
[磬ʲô]
ʵѸ췴Ӧ⵽ѩ˵Ķ⡣


137 
ʱ, һɱ⣬ͷ
زĲԾһֱ۱ýɱѾܿƵֱѩ˶ȥ, ̧סĸ첲
[, 侲]
[ҵġ]
类ǹɽŪһ㶣֪ɢɱ⡣
ǰʮֶ, ֻʵúܽö﷢ɱ, ͬʱ, Ҳɱķ򿴹ȥ
ȻҲͬѩרע񶾵顣
һ, ѿˡ
Ǳߵĸˣô, ɱң
࣬ص
վڸĿԭͺܹעֱǮѣȻͶߣѩǻջصı顣
ܳ, ɱ˵񰡣
һʱ, ŹֵĿ, ѩ˵ϡ
ѩҲû뵽ôֱ, е, ҲЩհסû, Ȼ֪ҪôӦˡ
Խˣ˵۹Խǹ졭
Ҳû׼ǵĻᣬžشҡҡ, Ц˵û⸾ʲô, Ҳ֪ʲôԵҪɱ, 
ԱߺȻ˸˵ʲôԵʣΪĴֱʵҫ·£
һ㶣Ҳɿȥ
ɲŵģе֮ˡ
ǸοĴ󺺣κܴȴžĹ⣬Ǹ˼ġƤЦԿذԼķ˵ֿ׼õƵġ
λʱҾͷˣǹ԰ڵģһѻȥȥöʱȴд㣬һڸ·Ĺһʱ䣬Щ˵ķйƤģҶҪȥˣںò׿׳ٶԪʯ󱳶ֱͦˣһܿף˾̾£
̫ˣһʶ־ϰٵԪʯĻܱٵ𾪣պֻ˼ǧԪʯһֱˣ⸾խĿûﵽһǻͰжд
̣ѩ˽Ъ˹ѿڶ죡
û뵽ᱻ˼

գգۡ
[룡]
[治Ұŵġ]
[϶ǹİɣ]
[Ҳ϶Ǹҽ˳𰡣ҪȻǸԼˣ]
[Ǻ׺ݵذƤ˻]
΢顣
˶ܿ˿ѩƯէէ׵ģʮʮ߳ŭһǿ󺺵Ļһ룬ˡ
ɲǼ䣬õĴЦ
ǰ
û뵽û뵽ôԪʯҲó԰ڣ湻Сġ
Ҳ˵˼Ԫʯ٣ôҲأҪϸвģ˵Ǿ̾𺳣ҲеĽǮҫҫҲ⣬˴඼ҪǮҲҫһ
ôڱ˴ˣ⻹̲סЦ
ۣ뵽λһλˣȻװģĵǿޣ͡
˿̵ѩ֮ǰϣ۵ģȴҪۣЩӵĴ˶һּѰľ
Ҳȥˣ
ѩ˺ת֮첽ȥ
ŮҲǳΣЩƽʱģеﲻסЦôﲻסҲñסȻҪǱˣǾҪùˡ

ѿű˳Цѩˣۡ
ɲֶΡ
һ˵Ҽأ⸾ƣ¸Щϵɡ
ڳĿǺܶɱ˴˶Ǽˣ̧ͷͷģλҪǱѩ˵ݣûǲҪ˵
һЩǮġûʲôģȻ͸˵ڣҪⱻұ
ǣȴȫرܻЩ
ö΢࣬Щŭ˵λѩˣҲҼķˡ
ѳ˳ǣö˵ӦܼʱϱϢıóҴϢȥеˣҲܸøҸӡ
ö˵ʲôԸֻ˵ô鷳شȥʾ£ǹӵҪҵȶҪȫ㣬ɹʹ
ü˾ӡ
öЦӦģӵķԸֻ˵ɡ
ѵɫ΢¶Цݣ˵ȻǾ͸½ɡҡҡӣ·ֻڶԣѩ˸Ҷɱ⣬Ͼû֣ôҲضʲôֻ˾صĲҵӴٲ׾ˡ
öȻһЦ˵ơΧĿ̸ⷬĿɨƽʵʹӲԸȶԹӲ֮ˣҲǲӭġ
ЦЦһ֣˵ǾɣҺͰˡ
öһԣͳ⣬˵ùܾˣҲеĴͷұһݱ񣬻빫ӲҪ
ˣ˭֪ķӣ£Ҳòſ
öһЦĿѵԶȥ
Ŀ˱˴ϵľݡ
û뵽µĿбһλ¡ѵ˵Ժյ
ˣǳĲҵܳﱸôԴԴԴϵسۣ
ôһλˡҡ
ҵЩ֣ɵЩп
ĪǷ̫ɣǰоῡܳ޵Ĵм˲µˣȥҾ군˰

磬һصլۡȥ
[ҳҲ]
[ϻǵùһˣҲܵ⡣]
[ظһһӣϻץסˣ]
[Ҳ֪Ｘ֪ҵ˼]
[ϽȥҰ]
סѵ֣ԵظܵѶ⡣
ΪѾ㿴֣ҲԲܵŵġ
ڽŵʱһûסͷѵĲס
ѵ̧ͷס
[ѽ]
Σֲݸ

ﵫ¶ϢǴݺܿġ
ҵķǰ˸󣬺΢ļͶ֪ȥ
ĳСЩҵгͻļĹӸڸԼҸױԹ
˵λıҲ̫˰ɣֻ׶ѣǳô࣬һһˣѹͲ鷳
ҲǣϾûأΪ׺ݵͶ֣Ҳﲻ
ͦĵģȺˡ
˸ûͷһ£˵С̫ǳˣ٣㲻λڵıµıأ
ͲƵô˵
˸΢˵Ϊֻһط׵λֱ˶ҵĶԴӦ
ǲ
˸Ц˵ǰΪҲ֪еˮж۵ĺܶԴʵжҲġһĲҵΪˣ֮ǿߣܶյػԴСط߾Ҳ־ҪͻƣܻõĶԴѣһ̽˾ûˣ
ԴǡġֻҪԪʯ򵽡Ԫʯ̫ˡ


138 Ӧ
ĸӶԻɲֹһ, һǸһ㲻׵ģԼ㲻׵ȻҪȥӱԹӵһЩ, ȻҲû̺ӡ
ͬʱ, Щ, ԼҲĥ
˵ϵҵĶԴʵҲˣֵµĲҵܸ㵽ԴǾԲͨǳܱȵģ˶⣬иϡ

ʹȷ, һ߽Դʯģ԰񺣾º͵ԪͬʱԻȡ»ʱʹ, ߿Ը˳ذѻΪ
ʯкܶԴ, ͱܶʯ顢ʮʯ顢ʯȵȡʮʯ־ߴֵͨʱ򱣻ͬʱеϸС磬ʹǲױϡ˵ʹҲܿ޸
ʯǿ԰־޲, һڴֵͨʱһСİըˣֻҪʱʱ̷ʯ壬ôͿԼСϢһʱ, ҩȱ, Ҳ³Դͨ֡ΪĹ, ǿЩ, ǰҪը
߽Դػ۷, ǻһԴ˷񹥻񺣾΢ܰԴ㵽, ־߾Ҫˡ
񺣾õ߽Դ, Դ˵Ʒ׾͵ˣȻ־Ҫô󱲣Ҫô˲ţҪôֱӷŵµĲҵȥȹ̹˿͡İԴΣղôĵطõƷȻֻףʵҲֻ񺣾߲ſܻȡ
ԴҲǸƷˣͬʱҲϡޱȡ

ٿҵĺ󱲣ļӵʱȥһƿ¶ܸؿȹûκθãӵûȥǾֻȥѰԴϧ¶õģ۸ҲߣҪﵽ¶ͬЧһӵܾˣһȺӵܡӵܶˣ˷ѵԪʯͿˡ
ԭܼ򵥣¶߽ҩֲǧİҩֲ¶ǧĵطܳɳǧÿһÿն۳¶
һ԰ռǳʮģ¸ò¶ȻΪȭͷƷȫ۹ˡ
ѼǮòߣܴԭҲΪҪλģȻѵ۹˶Լ񣬳Դʱ򲢲ȫΪ棬Ҳʵø۹ǿͨиġ

Ƶкܶࡣ
ԽǺĸ߽ԴпָܳõϡԴͨõ
ϣӸ̤ĵͼͿʼˣÿҪʵԴУܶ඼ϡİԴĵطǲ׵õ޷õġ
Կһ룬ڵУԴֱûˣƷҪһȣѵԪʯ٣Ѿһ־ޡҺҲĺѶ࡭
ܶ嶼һжˡ
һ˥
һָԪܵõѵ½⣬˼ڶƵôӱ˿أܲǸɵġҵķ˶ɱ˰ôԭ£
ڵ˫赻ύѶұʡʵ
ûʲôô
κҪԴ١˫赡Ҳ⣬ԴܸλʲõҲһ벽ѣ
ҡ
˫赶ôύѣڸǰñš
ҵ˥ѳɱȻѵֻɿţһţ
ѾкܶйϽϵҵĹˣְһ㣻صȻҵ¶ܱȻңѡһңжĳЩҵѾõģǰΪλԥҲΪ˫赽ЩѡҵɵģҲôˣЩѵڻҹȻ𣬲ѹ
뵽
Ϣļ̵ʱǺܶ
ҶûôӦѾһЩ̫ҪĲҵˣһЩԭֵĵ̣һſȸ

ҡ
ȥɢ֮أڽŵʱ͸о˼ĲԾ
ܶ澵鶼ž£СȫҳһЩҵӵԭΪصģڿصʱȴ̲סšüͷܶǵ죬Ҫ䣬ֱסˡ
ûһкɫġ
һ
ô£
һʱѣô˸Ƶģ
ҲûóȻһ˾ʻǼӿ첽ӣ׼ȥˡ
Ȼû߽Ժӣͱĸܼҽסˡ
ؽŲһ٣Ťͷλܼң¶ɻɫʵܼҲ״ңʲôҪ𣿡
ܼҶصӡһǻģθͬҲ͸¶ʲôֻ̾Ϣһ˵٣ȥɣȻġ
вĸоˡ
һжԡ
λܼҶ̬ȣ֮һҪǧСģ
ɱŲɫȴӿ˲ӣѸٵظŹܼ鷿ȥ

Ÿս鷿һ豭Ȼ˹
æҪ뵽ιգӲؿסԼ壬ûжܣɲ豭ҵԼĶǡ
ͬʱȻ£˵븸Ϣŭ֪ôˣôĻ塣
˽ģԼ˵ˣӻϲУھ춼ǰ˳ŮҲ˿桪ϻ֮Ժܳ谮ǸҴ⣬иԭǶܰݰÿġ
ʲôʡԼҲҪȰοϸףĻͲԾһЩ
Ȼٿϣŭ˵ǸѩˣǺˣĶӣƽôȰȰ
Щ⣬Ĳȴˡ
Ǹ裬׸ʲôȻ˵Ầң
Ҳ̫ˡ
ұϾܱļ壬ô׾ͱ
Сĵ̧ͷ
Ұ֣
ҲûҸطǹվţѯʣĸʲôطòף
ܿ˵ﶼѪ˿ҲǳǷϡ
Բװİ
̫Ѩɥ˵ˡЦţǸĸ׶˲ѹǰҫԪʯûܴĿģ͸Ҷѹɱģǲµ٣Ҿ尡
صͫȻ
ˡѣ
һ̣͵һ
ܼʾ£һһʮذ֮ǰ﷢¾ϸŵضؽһ飬ѸġоҲ˵װס
ؿɲЩٵӵܣ˲䣬Ѿһ֣ҲңһʲôΣյľء
ҧгݡ
Ǹѩˣ˼㣡


139 Ǳ
ûһ, ڡ
ѩ̰Ľٰҫûʲôŵ㲻¶˼ǰû, òѹϻһͷƮˣ
ʵѾʱˣϾѴھָߣƿزˡѾں, ҲһЩչ
û뵽, һֱõı費, һ˸ģ
ţ
ֹĺȣֱֱӰȶ˰
ת, ٴι, Ѿ˿ǻ
ĸ֮, ޻˵ʲôָʾ, ӡ޲
̾һ, ˵Ϊ֪, Сϻ۹, Ҳܽ, Щûֳʲôӡ
ذͷѹø, һƾģ

Ϊ֮, ֻίĸˡЩ}, Ҷ۵˵زȻ׷ң
СŰ, ȥһĸװɡ
ĳС, ˵˵, ȴɷ𣿡
ص͵͵Ӧǡ˵̧Ѿ鲼ۣǶӲТ
ڰ֣ȥֵ飬˵ȥɡ
һҧ˸ͷ󣬰úõսУת
ףΪǸҵĵλȵؽͣ±ϻˡϻԼֳЦĸȴǡ
ʹôС͵ڣҲõ˵ļοѡ
ʵϣˣ
˺һʱҪβˡµǣ빥˵ʱ򣬻ѾԹġѡᱻǵļ嶣ӡ
ﶼǺ⡣
Ǹѩˣ͸ȥ

ĳصʱѾˡ
ȻҼʹҹҲĶƻֹѺ˵ĵطȴٹ
ǵģĳĵСר˵ġ
Ϊ˱룬С沢ͨĳˮ඾桢ߡܵĶˮûƵңӺӹͻᱻЩ﹥
ΧΪɭϣֱӰܲ͸ģԿҶԹѺѩ˵ľġ
ʱһɨӱԵƮŵֻ񷤡
еֳֳìٿȻصǰȵعӣǰɽ룡
ۿ죬ʵ˵Ը̽ĸס
˵ʱȡݸӡ
ӿӡºһ̻ŷֿߣعȥ
Ĩ˰첽Ҵң񷤡
һֱ޴ĵɫ˳С

ƮβѺ磺
أͦϷĹ

ѺΪʲôأ
ʵùԴһģͻȻ뷨
ѴĽѩ˵ңЩŮǴ̽ġһĸӦǸо
ˡ
ֻҵõϢ󣬴ŽգһӦ˶ң˳׵ķϢȻҲ޷ݳ
Ѿͺܺ档
Ϊ塢ַӦԤ֮еģԭּ͵Ĵ󱳾ᷢʲôͺԤ⡣
ȻȤ
ù̲סˣ˳ظ顪
磬һҹ̽Ұɣ
رŮ˵ع͸Ǵ
ýֺͷ붼֪ҵùѩ˱Ȼᱻ˽Ҵãͬ˽ĹߣҲ迴֪ԼĿɽҶûˣĹѶһٱѩ˲Ź֣
Ǹʱѩ˱ǧġȡ˳ӵİԹ˵ҪõʲôֶΣǱһǺÿˣ
¶һ˿⡣
[õĶӲҪƫƫ˸ðƻڲڣ]
ﻮһĨů⡣
ǰһʱûù¶İ֮ߣۣƺһ
һִǰûпܹġȱڣʹ˱
˿ź
õź

ΪȻǱңǬ﷭ȥڷһ
һֻ߽ױ˷ֱϺӣͿһΡ
Ϊ˱ֽӴ簴Ϸӣֱӱѱеġ
û˿ǣεֻϢĶżѥֶ֮£ҵڣܷǵټ
ҺҲ൱ɺϡ
ļ䵽ߣȻ˴Ӽ鷿߳ء
ȻȻģǾ͸صĺ档
ָȻأĳرߡ
߶߶߶ֻζ
[ѩĺý]
[˰ɣŵҲ֪ܲܵˡ]
[޵ĺ÷ĺöӰ]

ѸһϸС̤ľ壬һɨӣͷﲼ󷨣ЧظС⴫ǵվľϺѩ˾Ŀ
Ҳ˵ģ˿СڵûʲôΣ̾ͳɫվڴߣͨСڲ
Ҳ̽Ųӿˡ
С͸ȥСڿռСֻһ߳߿Ĵ壬ҲŲκˡ
Żǿʵı죬⣬ûκζǰĵطխҲһ߶ֻֻܷ࣬Ŷѡ
ѩڴϣ޷ɢңҲңɫҰף촽ҲҰף˫вϵˮͣؿ߽ֻ⸱࣬ˡ
ѩֺǰɲǣͲˣֱȲؿ򴰿ڣڷ⾹ȻΨһĶʱֱ˹
أأҵıӣ콫Ҿȳȥ
ȥһ㸸ףң
Ҳǹģȥѹ¹
ŹңŹŹң
أһҪһΪﰡ
һΪ
ѩ˵ǺεΣؼŨϣƺһӶ˷ܵ⡣
Ȼѩ˺ܾãضһԲ
أѩ˵Сˣ
ƺʶʲôжȻһŭ𣬶Ȼ˻
أĸףҸģװʲôưͣ
ôΪ˶£浱ʲôعӱҪɨβܹôˣ
ЩʲôûҪǲңͱҰЩ¶ˣǸʱ㻹װʲô
𵽴˴ѩȻ̧ͷء
ͬһʱ̣ȴ
ѩ˵ŭʱȻֹɴ˸
񡭡
˿̣ѩ˺ȻӦԼ޴ϵĶҲˣҷ󷨣Ԫȫѹơŭˡʲô͡
ѩľսģ̬
ء
شĻ˵ѩˣҴô鷳Һ޲ðǧУȻȣ
һ˲˷ܵصɴۡ
ҧ


140 ҧ
ⷬɲ, ѩ˻ʧɫ
û뵽ӾȻ˵ֱǡûĸ׿
µǣؾȻĶɱ, ɱ
ôܣô, Ҳ, , ˵һЩĻ, ǶֻΪܼܺ°, Ķôܲ
ѩ˲², ѵѵΪңص, ѵǼʱֹ, ѸͿҺȥĸͷҲǲһ, Ҵ, Ϊʲôޣ
ѩ벻ͨ
벻ͨ벻ͨ, ⲻһ˲ң
ѩ˾صĸޣҲ¶һ·ĵɫ, Ǻ˵أΪ㸶ô, ôɱңĸװ㣬ôһԲôң
ۿѩˣҲûж, ¶Ӷı顣
֪ھ, ش, ʲôҲᡣ
ѩ˱ôпĻǰڡ
㡪ܶǰ, ˵Լĸ, Ϊ, ҵĵһӣ֪֪Ϊ˰ԴͶϣϧȥǸûģڹȥ·ϲ֪ǱĸɱˣʧȥҵĳӣⶼΪ㰡ӴԺҰѶҲֲϣҶٰǻ
ЦŴɣʲôΪҲŷӣǸù粻Ϊʲ۲ΪҪ۶ӣڴһ꣬Ϊȥ⣬Ϊʲô
Σξ˵һظ˿Ȼû֦չȥ裿Ұٰǻĺǻÿ˵ͿʵֻҪ΢иý߳ңҳԺѹ·ûҴΣҲûιһһڷһӦչȫŮ
ֲң㶼ûУʲô˽ĶҲ̸ʲôĸ

ԭ˹ҧ²ģɵѩᵽʱ̲סض
[Σֲ]
뵽¾һ໰Ҫͷˡ
æסԼϵ֣д˼֡
Ҫ⡣
Щû˺
ôܲ⣬Ҳ֪˻ǲңؼʶ˺ܶ⣬ѩҲ׼һ󰲸Ҳĸƽ
ͬʱؿԿذѩһ٣ˡٰǻǶεģȫ˵ѵĿϣѵɫ΢΢еŹ֡
ҲѾͻкøˡ
[˵ʲôװ]
[׻ҪôɣǸ˵]
[ҧϽҧ]
[ҿǻʲô]
[ʲô]
ѾڻˣҲʱʱصͷ͡
˶ԤУػɵʲô

ѩ˱ЩĻŪޱȣɫࡣ
ôʵĴûǸʵµĴӡ
żʱڿʵǿʱ򣬻Ʈѡû˳ƮǸ׺ͯģʲôΣʲôǣȫûС
ոնôߣֻϿĸѣһһ˺ģƤٺҲǻ᾽һµġ
Ҳֻһ¶ѡ
زòӣŭص档
غȻŴڿЩһֺ翵˵ҡļ⣬ǵùûи飬ҲҪġ
ѩٿȻһ
Ƶ˵Ϊ˳ȡݣԵǾ͵ʱҾ˸ȥˡ
ѩŵʵɱˣ
ʱûӦǸȡݡʲô˼Ϊָȡҵĵλ֮˼
ز˵ҸҵҲĸ̫Ǹùûҵô׾ɱʱƮƮģǵù绹ţһǳТ˳㣬˳ȻʲãǿҲǿֻҪͶԴͻҹʵͻƲſ֮¡ܻڣʵҲﵽ⣬ԼҵƿҲǿʹϻʵܸ࣬ھӪϣȴĽֺͷϡȼ֮λҪȥ裬ΪǶʱ򣬾ͻᱻ𡣡
ѩ촽䶯һ£صȥ룬ֲ¶һλõЦݣǳС
Ȼٴδ
ϧǷ󣬾ͱɱˡȻ¶һЦݣҸĶӣĵ⣬㵱ĸ
ѩ˱ƻΣжȻӿ޴ͬʱⷬɵѿڶʲô˼ʲô㲻Ҷӣҵ˭ǽˣǲζǸˣ
עζǹ檣ϻĸס
¶ı飬˵ԼİעֻһӣΪ˶ȡӵȥ˺ҧ꣬СС־ȴǿ£ȻȥŻڴôáȻᷢĲԾĴڣҲҿͶ̥ĶӣҴڵʱѾǵĶˡҸһɽݶֻϡǶӡôأɱҾͳȡ
ѩ˵ıһƬհס
ʲôʲôꣿʲôͶ̥ⶼʲô
ţš
ǡ
ѩȴѾܵʳʲôΪʲôҪȡ
ûлش⣬ֻƵؼ˵ԭӦþģҸġһȳɫТ˳ĺöӣļٶӣǲǰѳӶˣ
ΪҲӶˣͲÿѩ˺öڣ͸ŪȻҲô鷳ֱҪˣ
ѩ˵Ȼڣһ̺ȻһּǿҵΣУʹܵغˡˣĴѰҿԶܵĵط
Ȼʱ
ôûҵӣҲӦܸ˵ô࣬ȡ¶˵ˣ͸ûȥ
ؼЦؿѩ˸ûͷӬƵײӻһ
ʮϻ̫ˣԼǰ֪ʶľϣŪôһֶҩڰϻԺҪע䵽ϻưͣڲʼһ㻯ΪŧѪʮʹ
ڵѩˣϻĶޣȴӾϷѩˣѩ֮أ
ذѹܡ
ЮŨҺͷʵʵشѩ˵ֱۡ
һ˲ʹޱȡ
ѩٿȻ̱ڵأſڼУ
ıưˡ
ȴģһһأ
ûٿѩһۣתﳤȥ


141 Ĳ
ѩѾ˲صȥ, Ȼȴ۵شٶǰҡǱһλ, ȫ޷˼Լ̬, û°ȡǷƵ, Լץ, ֻת˲ʱ, ͱԼĳָӳ˵Ѫ, Ѹٵرˡ
ѵʮָӡ
[, ܿ, ʲô]
΢΢ҡͷ, ѵıȻ
ʲô, ӦƵ, ܲ, ѩȻʹңڵϢȴ÷ǳеӦԶҪȫĥϢ, Ҫʮҡ
ò, ǸѰߣδһЩȻĹ, ԸϢȽ, ΢ۼԪȥ鿴, ܷѩ˵ı仯
ѵ, ˲ˢ
[زǸö, û뵽ôǸȻѩҲû, ô˵Ҳôĥɣ]
[ֲ֪˼ˣҲ֪Ǹʲô̬治˿ġ]
[ҵͦ뿴ѩ˺ڵģĽ֣ҲԤ֮⣬Ҳô뿴]
ʵ黹ǱȽƽġ
ô꣬Ķ¶ȥˣʱºܶϵܸʮ֮䶼Իɱοװ׵ĹߣѩӣضѩûйޣֻǱȽ϶ģĿ
ѩ˵İˣİ˵ĸӹϵȻûзϡҲףҵСӸͬͬѩû飬ӲˣСӵĵȴʵΪԡڶƵ۵Ĺذг󣬴ƵδˡԸгģôῴù֡˶񶾵ĥ˵
ѵȷпܶࡣ
[˲а㿴ѡԼѡĶ԰ɣҪѩ˵ľֱӾûˣԵĻᶼУϾϵͳ˲ǣ]
[Ҳ˵жϾһ̸ʲô顣ԼϺȶѩһʹ]
[磬ҿǵøеعעˣҪ谡]
[ǿܳŵסͷȥʱܼ죬ƹˤˡ˵Ӧòôôô࣬ôҲʧܵľŶԡûϵͳû˺ܣٷûгɹ⣬Ҳ֡]
[ˣ뵽һ취]
һֱĬĬ߶߶йͻȻҲͲͷ˲䣬˼ʣʲô취
߶߶ԺѾƽ˺ܶ࣬ز󣬸Լ뷨
[ͻȻǰ⹫һС]
ʾ⣺ʲôС
ѺٺһЦ
[ǸһĵرСûеģһΪʲôԭư͵ˣڷԺ󣬶˵]
һ㶡
Ķ
Ȼѵ뷨ˡ
ȷĲ²⡣
[ѩǰôԴ㣬ʵҲʳеˣص⣬ҾһСѡ]
[ⶾǲܽⶾģܰѲ˳Сƻ]
[ԼﱻĥأԼ취뿪ȡһ֮ģͿԼѡˡ]
ѿ¶ɣͦɺϵģ˳ˮ۰ɡ
ЩİˡڿԺ󣬰һСҲ御ˡ
ǰѵƮһ仰
[ǻôҧɣһѵˡҺðˣҪȻ㳤ң˭֪һʲô´أҲܲݡ]

ѩ˺ۣ̫ˣûиܹʹࡣ
أأأ
ΪʲôҪһ֮Ķˣ
ҫĸ׺㰡ҫ
ĸ׺ˣĸײ÷ģĸײǹģ
ֻĸ׵ĺöӣĸֻһӣҫĸӦߵģ
Ȼ֪ҫѾˣΪ֮ǰǷȻΪѩ˵ľ֧ҪʲôҪԭеǸӣܳŹһֵʹࡣ
ѩ˲ûֱ˶Լһ棬ֲǣԼʹУ˽ԼûУ
ĹȻǹǸĵĹ
ӳȥټһ棬һҪ¶Ŀ
̬֧ѩˣȻʹбһ˿ǡ
һ̣ȻоһСֱֽߡ
ѩŬ̧ͷȥǣʲôҲû
˺۵ָ΢ץͣǳŬءֽš
ֽһСɵĺСĶдżΪİּûй¶κϢ
ָСƻеĶڴһԺ󳹵ױ
ѩ˲ΡΡСһᣬŽ
˿̵һƬ磬Ѿʹĥ޷ȥ˭ֽšʲôˣֻܽյ򵥵Ϣ
Ҫӳȥ
Ҳл

ڶдµֽźͲ米ѣüѥһſѾԽĳأվ˰ϡ
ţ˼ʹһ뿪ҡ

լӵ;У˼Ǻš
Ǻŷǳأȴ絽Ƶµˣ̽ʲô
ţ˻ȥһ˸衣
ѿĻͻȻڼ¶ᷳ
Ѳɣѡ
Դһַǳ¶һְˣŮǶܶأҲط׷˳ݹ
˴׵󣬵ͤȥõҹ
ٿȻ䣬мӰȻ˵ǰ
ʼǱ־ġ
ͷȡĺɫƺϵĺɫߺȷǵݡ
[磬⹫ֵµĺ̽]
΢΢ͷ
˵ɣԼҸط
һ̽һ־־
ǵĸʵѧǶƵ
ѡطЧϢޱ
̽Էɢ¡
˵⹫ǵʲôҾͲˣһҪȥǼȻˣ׼İɣ
̽׷׵ͷ
Ѿͼ˵ǷֱȥϻˣǱߣְŵøһ㣬ҲҪءʲôǶϸŵؼ¼ͷҺ⹫һһݡ⣬ÿ˵µܵ˾ܾĴۡȴûǽΧ⼸ʱǾᣬǻ᲻ܵ˺Լ˺ء
Ҿٸӣȥ׷ĳӣǸΪϻİĽܾô취ΣΣԤϵĺضȣȴûжȣֻǵһӣͲҪټ֣ǵȴһܴ۵ĶˣͼӴΣǷȡʧܾͰ¼޻ϻϻͷɹ˾ʬճɻҽȻǰ
̽ϸţһһ
һһЩܵ
ʱҵĴ󱳾ӽ˥䣬ν˫赡ѩ˵ȶԳ˲⣬ãǿԽһ̽ʱˡ
˳Ļ


142 ̽
ҵȷúܿ졣
ʱ, ԽԽļ嶼ˣȻΪˡûʲô̫Ķ, Ⱥ֮ע᳤ó״̬, ҽͷöƣӦԡ
ǣѰΣҵסõһ, ȴʲôǳĸԸһƵ۹ǲðͷģ
ҪҲûߡΪҵĸɱ, ԻĳԼҲҵٽӴҶѡ
ĸǿһ̶ϴģûĸһָͷô˵أжҵľѻ, ġ
¹ȥҵĲҵʧȥһࡣ
ʣµЩҵڱȽѲֵ, ˮĥˡһĥʱ, ҲĥñȽϿ졪ѸʧȥЩ, ָܶɡ
ܶҵ˶¼ˣ䱾֧Ȼǲҵ, ܶԵѾõ֧, ϢһƲ·
ҲΪҵʧĶ, ԺܶڲϢҲ޷ס, ڽͷβдݣзġ

˵, Ǹһҵĸˣӱؽյĵط˳, 춼Ǻ
˵, λĸǱط, ĺ, ȥ̽ʱ򣬸˶
˵֪ȥؽйȥȴǰõܵˣܿ첻Ӱƺ֤ĸĻʵġ
˵ĸֱˣҲһЩҽȥΪΣȻôֻк̵ܶˣΪжӺܲׯûǰ
˵ȥҺصټȴػ˽ޣ˵ǲ֪ȻôĺĸҪӴٲءһεûʲôΪףϾ߱ĸ֮ټӣȫֶǶ
˵ڲģѰصֶֻܷͬʱϻ³ǰȥѣǰæһѡ
˵ϻҵ˴ǰĽһЩЩд󲿷ֱֶӾܾˣϾϻѾãûҪΪ̫࣬ҲٲֳĵģȴѺǸϻϻȥҺȴչˣܶΪǷõģϻĴϻֺһЩ
˵ƳĳṫӸϻн飬ϻҳߵʱڱϻȥҲȥѹӣѹ̸һ̸顣

ѿ绳һһУ̽
Щ˵ҶˣЩЩٵģʡ
̽һֻеġ޸Ҳ޷ֱɫشģֻǲִϸϲȫ档
ѩҴǸܿ챻Ͻϼʣϸδ֪ҵȷҽȥΪΣȷеĶǳز޷ȺԶ֣һʹ졣ĿǰԾɹѺʵѾˣΪĴڸҴ˻ѣֻʹñװݲڻɽҲû
Ѷ˶١
Ȼһ£üʵ&#3
0340;أûӦҼǵѩ˵ĸεļ
̽˵ѩ·ҵ˰ȥһˣͬʱѩ˵ĸжΣһĳﵣ˼Ҳûȥʹѩ˵Ѿ׷ѩˣҴá
ƲƲ졣
̽ǰû¡
ϻҳнӴǶƳκСκ־ʵκκҵϷϲ߳־ͬһǱϻĴԵϷ
룬κֺİ
[κҵ֪ǶƳĶҰɣԣǼҺ˸κӡκ٣tianǸȽϻԾţʮ־Ը˵ͦŰģҲ֪˭˵һ졭֣巽Եʱɡ]
[û뵽Ǽһϻһȵ竡]
[ǵϻԭû]
ѵƱȻ
ûˡ
룬ϻ˱˲ͷµҲ
㼶κֵԼʵеܳģۺܱȺǿһЩҲûǿ̫ˡ
üʣκϻʲôӦ
̽˵һڻؾˡ
ü
̽˵κϻΪԸѹӣһǿԽϻԺΪ̾
ѶʱˣЦϻ϶İɣ
̽˵ϻΪκ񱼶ȥ
ѡۡЦ
[ϻ;ñˣԭɾԪôñô˵ñء͵ֻԼ߸ˣίǺԺһԱ]
[κСӻؾеӣ˵ľеˡȻϻĸӺĸӲԸϻѩ˵أпǨŭκҵģκֲû֣ҲץССκôΪϻðˣϻ飬]
[ҺˣȻϻκĺԺ֪ҪϼñأҲóñˡ]
[磬˵κòȡɾԪϷݰɣ]
[Ҳ֪ԺκǸʲôӦ]
˺̽
̽شκȥ׷ʱӦǿаˡǵ˸κ뿪ǣڼǧκͲ߶ϻָһصĻ¥֡
ѵͷ˼
[κҲԣԶϻƽ]
粻ݸ
̽ڼ˵κ뿪ļϻбһȥ̽һʱϻۿȥκȥ¥գϻֶءϻҲ˺ܶ˵İۡ
ѣ
[ˣϻֺǿرȥˣܵ˴ĥѣ󻹱ˡ]
[Ҫôģˣء]
[żҲˣҪϻˣҪܴȵԭЩ˰ɡ]
[ƨ]
[ֻܵġ]

̽˵ҺǵҲи١
΢΢˾
Ľˣ
̽޸˵ûڵĳǳͣǷһܹıòıҩ󣬳ǳ֮Ĵشͷޣۻǡ
ҩԼһŸؽȻͬ崿ףܿʶۻһλСӣұԺ
ѣ
̽˵ǺԺС̷竹ӣϲ竹ԷȥһԺʱͳҹɫլһ£ӭɺϵǣǼҺĴӻýպô·Ͼȥݼĸס
ѲһֹϤС
̽˵ص̬ᣬûӵע⣬Ҳεĳԣʼûܳɹһ糣ɺĽԣǳŸһΣ竹ӵСͷ


143 ص
գգۣΣǣ
̽˵ͷ
ѣ, ˵Ǻܴ󣬲ôС檶ֵģ
̽͡
ںլΣķʽúԺԭе, ֻƲ, 鰴ķչɷǳе˵ʱ, ˴һ΢ϲ, 竹ԺҺ̾ԭͶ³ܲ, ǵڸҲ̽ӣӪһɸ̽ӷźţʹ˷Ӧ仯󣬴ʹλ˴ΪáںԺҡ̾صĶӾ硣
Ƕ̰ƺ, Ϊ, Ӷ竹ӵļҲʮ⡣Ҫʾ, ĿǰȻ涼竹㣬Ľ岻, Ҳû檵˼, ԪƳżãûкӵġ竹ӵĺ㹻ɫ, кܴܻᱻֱӽ̵, ̳мҵ
ҲԶϥµĺӺϸ, ҲΪԣһЩܳ衢õĺӻ᲻ºܻϻ߹ѾĻǵĶк, ǲǻɱ, ·ϡΪ˱, Լ£ĸϵأСӡ
ѣۡ
[磬̽˵СӡĻĺúЦ]
籾ûʲôôһ˵ƷƷ;еЦˡ
ѵ֣ʾͬ

̽ʼûжһһ۵ƽֱķ񣬽һլĹ¡
ȻҲû뵽ô类סϳէֲ㣬ûнЧķûþͷضԴӵ죬صıֲԣȴͬլֵáûѡ񰴱ֱСñֳԵ竹ӵģ竹ȥ԰ӡ
ƽʱ竹ʱȥ԰ȴΪժȥˢڸУƼ滨øУƼԺȻûܽ飬ҲĿʹӡ
СץһԵĲյֱȥصͷָˮԲ竹ӡ
̽ܽ᣺ǳļ򵥴ֱ
ѣۡ
̽˵û뵽ôͻȻûܶ㿪ͱԴƺܷḻ̲ȡլֶΣ竹ӷ˳ġֻ㡯ӷ޵Ǣۻ䡯Һȴֻܶ˼ˡ竹ɫǻ裬ѡ˰Űɣص̬䵭ЩȴҲ˿ڵҩûָС檣ЪСڴϲСֻƬԵ֪竹ŬСӡ
죬̲סЦˡ
[ʽҲ֪̽˭Ǹ˲Ű]
ҲЦ⡣
￿˿߶߶
[竰ŰɶֱӱԻͷƺȷʵ١Щûܹ԰ٷְٵͷǲǹֵ½ûˣ]
[ٿ]
[Щ̽治⹫µģ
ܼ]
̽˵Ϊ˱ͷգطʾãǸһֲ竹ӵĹϵ竹Ӳ̫ãܿͶػָ˳谮ҲļɵʼʹøլݺֶΡ
һֱأһΣһǾȡ⡯ͿǺլݺķʽȻĺأǵС۸ض̼ܵʹҲỳɵϣǻὫ߷ںլ˵ϡȷ֣С̾Ҳˮټ֮£ǵ˾ͻᱻڸסҲӷ㡣

Ѿź̽ϸ
ҩҩӵҩݵҩдҩԺظ竹ӵĺɫ׹ˣӵҩԺŻ³ʣµСǳʹ൫ԽӮ竹ӺĸϧݵҩҲˣɴҺܿ竹ӴӺɫõ˻ָòҩɵĲԲЧֻǲЧʵˡ
еС檺ĳ̾ͼһ˫񣬼ݺŪС檵ĺӣطӦˣֻǱõʱһˤײʯͷϣС۹ۡ̽ӵĿҲС۹ۡԲˡ
Сּ̾Ӻʱ̽ӽɨβرֻܿһɵЧҲʼնԲ߽ӽԲ
кܶ࣬竹ӵĺԺһʮ죬ǰ찲Ȼ׼ӿʼ̽Ѿ̵棬ͷڰ쿪ʼլУʮһɫʮݲָʮ竹ٯٯʮȥлɫֹһ֮½ع

Ѻһ뷨˸
[˵뿪ҲŰ£˳竹ӻͼӣɸլҩαݺɹ竹]
[治ǾḻĹ߰ЧǸߡΪ竸ӲرǰԻ졭Ȼ竿ö࣬Ϊʲôɴϻߵˣת๥Щͨɫˣ]
뵽⣬ѺȻַӦ
[Բԣ⹥ǵҪٷְٹԲܰ˴ߵģЩ˱Ƚϴ˵竸ȻױҪõȫȫġ̫ˡزŻôͶϴӣΪǸ˻רһԴޣһѴӴӽԺͻרˣɰٷְٹԺ󣬴ӵֻٶҼˣҲ˵ܡɡ]
룬ѵƲʾͬ
ѿ̽ʵ㶼˵ʮ˰ɡ
̽ͷ˵滹һΡ
Ѻʣʲô
̽˵취լ˵ϢǼӽľۼһ竹ײȤϷȻǲźۼ竹ˣڵһȽƫƧСԺӸһײȥ
Ѷˣƶ˵ظɫط͵顣
̽˵ǵġ
ȻȻģһȺײȥȿֺط
Ψһ۾竹ӷֲԣץ۾ĲȻͷڸɫɫϷԼİ裬ء
֪ˡ
竹ӷǳŭܲ˵شɫȻ߳ŭԼӵĶ𣬸ִ
ȫû뵽ᷢ⣬ڶġСüѿֻ뷽跨סԼ塭
ٺִˣĴӱٻ־磬ţͲ־ˣĳţ
ͬʱ竹ʹñӣɫԼǱĻǨŭأӸ൱ˡ
ٺΪ֮һأܵ˳ͷ
̽˵ʮر׽飬ͱؽ˰


144 ϻ
̲סõЦЦ
[, һЩʲôլԺдھʱС𣿸˽β֣ذԼͽȥˣǻá]
[벻ɣԼҲһ죡Ƚһ, ٸһ, Ϳԡٺ١]
[ưɣҸ㱨]
ûס, ͷѵס
Ѿñܹ衣
̽ǳ, ʹλǰ, ҲûʲôϹ۵ӦǰһС˵ꡣ
زģܱ̣ҹòտذͷ, ԻԷ, ÷ʱòϵϸζԷ, ٴηزҩｫòĻΪͷģͷ·, ҽͷƱסαװɻԵԼ, ȻװͷݣԳΪʱ뿪, ѾСü塣
עǼҵ̾ٱްѳھñӳ鵽, Ҫٱ衣
ҭҭҲԣľ, ǻ·ߵġ
[аɣҸ˵̫硣]
̽˵ǵ˻, ߺٴθıò, ϲغõ, һӽסˡ
ֱӷԸǰĽǼ˸ţķӦţڷȷΣȫӦЧ󣬾Ͷɱ֡ٴǿǲҪУԤȷܵļƻߵķʮ֣һоͳ׷ɱܶص֣ɱֵʱ񺣾һˣ־ʮˣذΧ޵ⷽǱҶǾ̬ȥԸ˵⣬ʾˣжǻ⹫ģ˼Ҹô
̽ûκηԵ˼ƽӦǡ˫һϣǱոսϸµĹϻߵ¡ҲȷߺͶƵǱ߶еġ
ţλ̽Ȼ뿪ˡ

ʱ÷ǳ졣
иͷԵʣѸһʱ͵õ̽һΪɴҲȥˣ˹ע¶Ǹլ֡ȻҲԼ˫ʵ
ûٳȥˣҲӺܳʵ
ڼɾԪͺĲҲݷùΣǵʱ䲻ǺܳԣģҲҪһֲҵģҵֻһЩϡǲԳ֣Ͱ¶СΪ̳˵ɺĴͷˣȻæµˡ
ֹ֪ȥ֮á
ĳһ죬ͻȻõϢ˵ϻˡ

ںȹ𣬱Ϣһ˵˵ʲôϻˣôˣǰŪģ
[ͺⰡ]
[һֱŬػûأôϻԭġǡͻȻûˣ]
[˵⹫̫̽ˣϻ̫û棬׾ͱ˰˸ûأ]
ҲѵЩ졣
ü߰߹ȥ֪˵ѲûǶƵλʥ̥۷Ҳû취ԸһֺϻȫϣԼʵãǱȲܸƵ۶սɱֺûھе˷¡
оƮƮġ
̽û˽͡
ѣ
֪ԭˡ
ʵ
̽ǶѵķԸ̫᳹ˡ

ȻһֱǱߵ⣬ϾôΪǺ̽ǶϻҲ˿ҲûɵģڶԸصͬʱϻҲǳ̽֡Ҳˡ
ϻȻΪصĴڶûԭôҲļȴͣڻʹǶڼʱΪѿսѹûˣ˾ֻûжࡣ
̽ǵΣУǴӲ˵СٵȽصˣͷ·ǲùƵĲͣڵù
ϻԼû̫ܵģ𽥷Ӧȴ֪˭Ҳ벻˭ֻܻɿ׷ǵġĽǣǰˣĵ۸

ʱ򣬲ɵô˴첲
Ц˳˳ë

̽ǵĲȽأǰЩϻԵϢ͸֪ЩڼġûϻĵĹǡرǺǸУѾõϻӣȴϻΣѵʱ̫ˣ
ЩӵȻۼˣôϻ˺أҪӳȥ
̽Ǹصİ£ûӵĹǻľ˳ߣҴŸԵһЩԴǮƣڲʱҵ˸հѽŤ˵ϻ
ţڹַȰ˵£ϻʹ뿪ң˽ˡ
Ǹĵĺ
ϻҲҪˣ͸ģ

ִ˴Լĸ첲
硭ָ˳˳ë

Ⱥ˽ԶǡͶһǳءͬǵǡ
ȡѵôˣһαװһʵߵġҩΪġסڸɽϣϲԵûʲôµĹӸİȫ򣩵ûе꣬ȿּ͡
ȻģһЩӸ絫ûٽǵĺԺһصǣһǷֱ˴ˣһߡǵѺԱ̲סǡҲˮġ
̽Сĵͷ޶ԸأҲǿһʵģ˳ߵֻһΡ̫ۡǴƫƫԩͷأ⡪ֻǻ˱Ƚױɱȴƽ޹ʵĵùص㣬ĸʾ͸ߣĸʵȻҲߡ
о̽ǾʱֶΡ
һ̽Ӹ̽ӹͨ󣬰ϻȺ˹

ϻҲһȺѣǵǮƣڳоһĵطסһ𡣶ϻΪŽģǵͬ£ɽɢģҲʶһЩµĹӡⲻ
һ׽ύĹӸô࣬ѺȻغϵġ
صŵʶϻϻ
ࡣزϻҲϻӣϻһȺȴûϳء
һһڰְϻЩĽߣ޴̽һЩϻڵù⡣
Ҳ˼⣬ϻȷʵ̫Ժ󡭡ϻҩˣ
˳㣬ȥԼѾƫϻļɫһǹӡ
ϻԭһȲ£ΪԼɽʲôдЧĹ£˹һʳ֪ζҰ¡
ôϻۼˣҲǹӸԼľ飬ǹӹղܡ
һعȻǹԶȲߵģϻǱҲһòʲôˡ
رǹΪﶼйϵǱÿģΪϻ۰Ľ⣬ȻϻûٰĽġﶼܶϲ٣ﶼȫõˣʲôϧģ
ٺҸᣬðž޴Σմϻ˽Ϊôȴ᲻ǿһ˿һڽֺϣܴĹǣϻǹӹһĳ̬ǹӻرϲϻԼİĽԼӵġֻимûа⡱˽ġֻǹӡ
ǵļλʵǱְģΪϻͶѡ
ϻ˹ǣͬҲҵˡ̽ǽƶΪŭ죬ȻǾһɱǹӡ


145 
ǹʵ, лκιɽʱڣܲסΧ
ǹ, ϻ·, ȻǹӵıͶ԰ĽߵȰ˵Ǵ̼ˡذػŪܷŴҩ˳紵
ǹɱۣսޱȼңϻҲ˽
һʼ侲΢ϻȻ͹˲ˡ
ۡ
գϻЩĽߵҵ֮µġ
Լû뵽ȥ
龰ʵԭɾԪͺĲмơ

ϻһ, Ѫ˼ǹǵûѹǸĺ, ȫǹȥˣ
˵ǰǳ嶯ŹھǷ
ǹӲ̫ݰ, ǹмݰҲûֵܵסȺŹ, ܿͲϻĺ, Ҳҵ֮¡
ǹŽѣȻޱȱ˵ءϻʬ
Ľǰϻճɻ, һ˷һֹǻҴߡ

ѣ˻
[ͻȻëȻ]
[ķ˰ɣ]
[ϻ㲻ǡʬˣ]
ѵ
ѵҲǺ, , Ǻõġ
̽˵ǰǹڼǼϢ, źۼشǼҡ

ǹǼҵĵλܸ, ĸĸʵǿ, ȨȻݣɳһЩǿĻѸҵ˼ǹӣǶɱˡ
ЩǵʬιޣֶҲǺ̵ܲġ
ְ̽ϢǼڵļ塣
ǵļ嵱ȻģҲǲǿ߹ҪǼ
ȻǼҵӵܴ˽ȿǼҵĹӵģǼҹӿѹǼӵӶϻģԾǹģȸµģ
ɱ˻ιޣǻ裬ȫûǼⶼ廹ʲôԣ
ȻˣϻûǿܻҪ˼£ϻ˻ճɻˣȫԽΪǼӵܴٸԼ˱쾭壿
ǼǱǻûü鼸ֵȶˣǹӵĸĸ̫嶯Ҳﻢ£ǲΪӵܱ𷴶ֵļ
ȻǼҺͼǵļҾʹˡ
һѪɺӡ

Ѿе̽ǵˣھͺƶʣֶʲô
ΪǹӵĳͷѣʵûʲôעģϾǹӻĵúܣͷҲԶֹ¶ˮԵ߰˸ֹأ½ܶࡣ
̽ǰͦˣѵ
̽˵ǰ¶ˡ
ѣô¶ģ
̽˵ĳ̽αװأɼعĳ˼ϸʵǿע⣬Ȼװȴ˸٣ټװ͵͵ʵϵ˵ݳαװݣʹõıҩҲʹõһģһҹʱװû˻ڸ٣һֱҩжױ
صģ
롣
⻰˵еƣҲǡһٵһݺжױĽ̡̳˼ɡ
̽˵ΪأԼòأͻȥ׳
Ѳ²⣺ΪԼصúܺõأбǼ˸ץˣһжǵ֮У
̽ҡͷˣóһױըץһˣΪЩʵֻ־ȫըˡǼ巢ͨսۼƲб֮£ͬͨǵڸأֹȫ׷ɱǳƽ˵Ѿ˳նۡ
Ѷ˶٣Ҳô⡣
ȻеƵİӦû취ԼǮһôˣҲ֪˶ꡣ
̽ȻҲ
ãӦʮʱɽʧһһҹʱõģʱҵʱǱ˵ֻ·ɽ˯һҹ
ѵ˵ͷ

ں̽Ĳ֮£ǧֶΣҲ޷ֿ׷ɱˡϾʵ̽µ񺣶Ըױ̽µع߽׵ıԸսթḻ̽µؾḻҾ鲻ڹˡ
һԺ
ûϵͳŲȥҲˡ
ǺңǱΧסɱģֵĳһ񺣻к֣ܶͳͳûзֺ֡
κЧķѾضˡ
Ϊߣ껹ǺǿģԭԴһϧЩ˲ֻһΣȷѾ֮󣬻ϵΧһ֮ã
ǿҲܲסִݲУֱҲԼΪʲôᱻôǿô׷ɱݴļʱһ¹ȥľ͸͸ˡ
ѵʵ㣬ǵ͹ǿǵǺôúصʬﻹҪȥգͱɻһˡ
ǵʶɢǰ᲻ںϵͳ繥أ
ϵͳˣԼͬ군ˡ
뻹Ǻڵİɡ

һκ̽뿪öûԤˣԴϻϵʵҲãҲ군ˡ
ɲ
ſ绳йӣź̽ҧһڡ
[]
[ˣ]
[磬ĸ㱨ɹˣ]
Ҳһ˿ظ
Ǳڵĳϻĳضˡ
Űʯһ˲ޱȿ
ѵĴףס
ѻ˺̽ʱҲòЩˡ
ߺؿڣһһȶ̲ס¶ΪÿЦݡ

ﻹ㣬ָңҲΪǼ֮ìܡ
е߰㣬ǳһЩߣٻ
һѾûйĴլĳ峿ʻһƷ׵൱͵ݻı

ӵڱࡣ
ǰϣҸһλúܿӣݳ
һ˺ƺƵ뿪˼ǡ

ѿ磬źǷ˯졣
磬سĸȥţ
شָѡģҪȥϱߡ
ִ˸ǷǾȥϱߡ
᣺ѣ˯ɣһҽ㡣
ԽԽС
á֪
˯ˡ

Զ⣬ɫŮһ
ߵ龰ڴЦ
ӺɾĸһҲûء
ǰǰ

¾á
ǻкܳһ߹кܶķ羰͡


146 1 ʮճ
˵Ƕ, ͸һʮꡣ
ʮŮΪ˱֤ѵĲҵ⣬뿪ȥҲΪԵʻ˹ʲô, ͬߵ˶ǲٵ, Ҳû㹻̷ѵ
ѵĿĵ, ÿһǳ, ͻֱסһЩʱ䡣ʱһԺ䡢԰֮, ǸǳȤ߷羰õĵطˣͻһȺ, һǳضȥǸǳһס, ͱȻǸط̫֮, ֻ߷ʲôȤ¡ǶסһЩʱֵܿ¡

ͱ磬иܴӣĹﳤøÿкҲ⿡㣬ݻʡʲôС
ǵطÿ궼ٰλѡᣬһѡŮ, һѡС
ǹȥʱ򣬸պеʱ򣬸סջƹĹѯǲҲҪμӡԼȥʲôݵģϲ, ͫȥˡ
ͫ
Ϊÿ¶ܻ÷ӣͫϲͷ, ֹֻܱ̬ȥ, ʹ˻
ô˵¹, һȥͰӵжȥ, ֱӶ˿
˻Ժڻνģÿ춼СӸһ֦㻨ͷġ
ȤǣȻиĸүף˵Ů޸ͫ
ͫһӾˣֱòУȴֲ֪ô˵ڡϾҲû׹ֻǻˮء
ȤˣԾ͸ү˵ȿǿǡ
ôһ˵ͫ͸ˣҲżˡʵϣѳ붺⣬ҲǾλүֻƾһѡŮ޸һ֪׵ˣе˵ȥطܿҲ˵ȥ
һ߿ն˵Ϸһȥ鸻үǱߵ¡
һ飬ͷԭλүĶŮСƭˣ˼δˣԳŻûԻҸԩͷѹŮ޹ȥֻóѡĴҸеŮ
ԭûͫȥȢһİڿתζֹͫͫƺԼ׵ʲôȻҲżϷҲǷ˵ģ˰ǸСҵˡ
Сûʲô£Ҳ泤ò
ҪѹŮ޹ȥһۿɼġ
˰С͵үļ
ү¶ͦģСʹһٺ
ѿҲǰŮеķݶϣɴظ˸⡪ˣŮŻǸԣȻͰСǼ׸£ͷŮµŮŮԼģһˣ
үʱ۾ˣ
ϸһҲǰڲʮ꣬ŬŬǿȡͻƵ־ģǾܻˣ/ŮҪﱲУŬŬﱲ¡
ڼҲ⣬ֻҪţŮŮ淭
취ܱѶࡣ
ǣСֻ׸ˡ
Ϊ⻹׷ǼҹĴˣȥϯó&#30
340;д

Ҳѻ¹ʣҲ¾㿴ӣһ·ȥϷ뻹治١
Ҳѵù˵ͷ˰ɣ¶࣬ûаȥûݹʲôԭ䰡ϵδ򰡡СȵȶĽɫϵҲ֮ͫˡ
Ѹоͦ˼ġ
Ȼ̹Ҫһ·ֻ棬Ҳе㵥ǣ
ھͺܺã˵Ĺ·
ѵ飬Ҳʼպܳ졣
ͬá

ʱƣ˵ĸԽԽ񣬴ǰûʲôңЩȥˣǾȻҲһγ춼ûй
˿е׵ģϾٺõĸҲзʱǣټᶨѵǾʹûʱ
ȻٵϵͳΨһôžѵ
⻹ܲʲô᣿
ΪǸûѵĻᣬҪͷˣѾʳˡһͣһ壬һоָֻ״̬
ʱԽã˸Խ
ټ˿ܵȷ˴Ը̫ˣĬȻֻܸоԷĺôҲԶԶԷʲôƢãǰȴǱ겻绰࣬ȴôѸˡ

ֵһǣʮȥڣԾɴ־ϾĴͨǷǳḶ́ҲǿʱʱϺõıҩṩҲܰѰˮĥΪʮ꣬ȴѾΪߡ
ɾ͡ҲԼġ
ϲģʱǿ̫ˣϲǲϲȻҪΪӳԪһʱ䣬ⲻԪ𣿲żżġ
Ҳῼ飬ʱǲĵġ࣬Ҳϥͨǣƽ˯
˵ĹͬϵģĬԽԽʱ˼·ˡ
ʱȻһЩԪͨ˽ӴĲλֱӽ뵽ѵڣڵת
Ѻ磬ʱеµġ
ֻ֪ҪͻƵ־ѾͿԱһԭⲻҪϣҪʼ
Ȼ󡭡
綮ˡ
ӴˣѸӻȻǿ˯ʱҲŬˡϾһҲǺܿ֡
־ͻƲ̫ѣѵǸͻƽҪͷֱӰѴ˴ͬҪԼʲô罫ԼѵĻһһһأ򿪡

ʮŮҲ׷ͻƵΪԴ㹻м徢͵ŮҲѾ־ˣ׼ȥͨ֡
ͫҲ־ڴͨˣ׶УѵĹؿ֮һʶõˣﰾϺܳһʱ䡭

Ҳʼû˶Ƶۣÿȥһط뿪ʱضһӰ̻ȥһⳤ&#303
40;ĺ¶š⣬ԵľرóĵزҲǸ⹫һݡ
ƵۺϲСԼͨÿÿ˶󣬶һһϸؿꡢ꣬ٸһţСֿ䣬ʱʱҲЩóԺĹСûǮãЩԪʯҲῼС⣬һЩʺǵԴ
бȽرһΪ
־ͿԿˣľˮ
ʲô
ԭ类ڻҵǸԼʣȴɽۻֺ©ֵı
ԣƵ۶ֺƵĶҴûɹȻҲȥʱֱӰѶصˡ
صԺ󣬶Ƶۻ˽Ƴҩơ
̫ˣһֱӷòǳʹ࣬˷һҩЧҩƾͲͬˣҩԼ绹ȣظʡ
Ҳԭˡ


147 2 ֺص
ʮʱ, ѵʵȻҲﵽ־ˣԪǵ˰֮꣬վɺ㣬Դ, ȻҲΪ־ߡΪ, Ƶۻ˴ʵԪʯ͸Դ, λɿ, ൱⡣
ͬʱ, ԶڶƳǵӵŮǣ
ǿ, Ļ, Ҳǰ϶ܳΪ񺣾ǿߵˡ
ԭûʲô̫о, ⹫;˾ĸǵı֣ȴ֣ԭҰһͻƾȻô
һˣ͸ɴڵʱڵǸǳõľ¥磬¥˶硢Ůһ÷⣬һ㶼Ƕ⿪, һ㿪Ÿͨĳ񣬶㿪Ÿµģ򿪷Ÿϵġ
Ҫ˶֪Ǹӣ
ΨһҪҲ, ÿ÷˶Ҫ˵һ䡰ѡ

Ѹ߸ˣְ˿ǧѩ, ͵, ˵, ԣ
ü͡
ԼСһô, û˵ʱѾ㿴ǰӲ̬֮ˣÿʱỵ̈º͵ġ
иѵ⣬ɴͷѩ׵£ѵָ
Ѹ߸ߵüɲɬ˵㺦ʲôߣһڣ˵䣬չȥһڡ
̲סЦѵĴ˱˱
̹Ȼ˵ǧѩͦġ
̲סЦˡ
һʱô
ʱѺȻиŮϸ߶˭ż
ոô£һضѣʲôѵİǾͽ֪ҿ˵ˣ˾¥ǸرԣĹӸ磬Ϊ˸ףҪӣ¥׼ϯͲҲĽ׵ĲˣҲҵ׵Ĳ˾ʡܶԴˣǲʲԸӣһ㶼ϲģ˼ҾͲǽˣǵж
ȻһеɤѹֺͲͷ
һʱûӦѣǾ͵𣿷Ѿˣͥڵܸܲҵӣ
Ů˵Լ׬ģ˸ģ˵ʲôάӣҪǸѾ㣬ҼҸҼ޸㡭

㶣ɵ΢̽ͷ濴ȥ
ͼڶ¥¥ڴһŮվǡ
ӿòнʮˣŮΪΣֻǵ۷ۣȧԸ߻ûʲô⣬Եе̱
еǣӡȻֺƣ
ɵÿ˿Լ硪ǸʱһӢˣұǸʱ򻹸ˣٴǬһСգԼҲò˰ҳҲÿˣ
ôֺƾ͡ôˣ
ûǴĻֺƵͺǸɣϾָΪš
ѵ䶯Ҳ˳߳¿
һϳǸӾֺơ
ֺڵʵֻһֻܴʮֺƵġ
עһΧԼһʮĶ־һĳ
ΧﵽǧĶ

ֺƱǹﲻͣ䣬µؿϷ
㿴⹫ǱߵĽչͦ˳İתⶼʮˣɵֺƾȻŸϢôȵأ񲻽Ȣţˣô˵ûҶඥ죬̫̫˹
ѵ֣˵ղƺֺƵѾߣ᲻λ£ѾصǸˣ
Ѳô˵زȥҲûʲôϵϵʥܲٻָĻȥҲ̫ܲӡ
ЦŵͷﻹǾã֮źá
ǸС
ȻֺƵù͸ˣҰͻصĴӣôܰ˼ֺأ΢˻ֺֿϣ
˲극󣬾һ¥
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εϯȼȷܸߣֵĳǳ̣ٿ̱Ҳ˵ʲôڼˣ΢Ŀɲͳʱ䣬ңңس˹л
ȻˣҪҲסλĳࡪϯλޱȣİôֵýύ
ֺƺλЩҲؿ˹
ʱ䣬ֺôǣ
Ѿȥ˺ֺܶ꣬ؼǵõ걻˻ʱ龰ȴַ֣ԼΪʡԴռ˵ĵطȻǰδΪ˸ضӲٰϲ磡
һʱ䣬ֺƵէէס
ǣôˣڵİ¾ȻǸ磡绯˻ңҲ
ˡѹոڽʱֲԸĸоʱΪֳ԰ʳЩӵԵʣɴ˿̿ıھʾ
ֺƺ޲ðԼԵĶȫ³
̫ˡ
ӵ̲סһ˿Թ֮⡣
Ҫģôĳ˱ϥ
ֺضˣﲻһͷҪЦηܱסЩ棿˵ܸзЩá
ֺû뵽ǣδǣԤ˺龰ʵȴǣûпһۣ΢΢ףЯȥ
ֺĿѣֻϻطա
ǡ
̫

뿪¥Цеҡӣá
[磬ҰѺھ¥Ÿˡ]
΢΢ͷЦ⣬ͷİ֮ˡ
ѵҡøӻˡ
[ӻãͷ϶һ߱Ȼһ߽ɵȵӣ]
еΣֲݸ

ѾܶûֺˣȻҲ͸⹫д˷ЩŷЩʲô¡
ͻǰͰشһ֣˳ҲܾһЩϵǻؼ͵ĵغǡ
ɺϵǣأֺƵϲرԹǡܶ嶼ȥ͵Ĺƫ¶˵ʲô
ϡ˼ҵķ˻װģʲôʲôǹӰ˶ؾˣԶһô֪һܳء׶ѾͰ˰ⶼʮûˡܣ䶼ڰʾֺûãڿǴѹ
ֺƱһ仰Ҳ˵ƺǲ磬ֻѹû˼
Ƴһۡ
ǶԷһ̨ǰѡ룬ֺǸӣǺˡȤǣĹǶӶģȫûоȣƺǷ̬ȺáʶԵʣϰΪ
ֺڲ̧ۼ䣬͸պֿѺںˬһ־һԪʯһǺüϵı
ɲǡ
Ѻֱˣûгһۡ
ֺƣ
ŭͷֲò̡
ϤС

ոմ˵⹫Ѿˡ
Ŷģһ̽


148 2 ֺص
ޡ̵ȼɫŮͷ䡢Żȹ,һ˵ģ紩Ƶȥȥֳ,ǰİϲ˼Ϊµĸ㡢С,жֹ𡢰˿ǵļɫ,ȫһ߰˲ߵת΢һת,Ϳ,ʮַ㡣
Щ׼,ַ׷ȥʵƤ,ֻҪһͻݽȥ,
һЩ׼õ֮,Ҳʱʱ̶̿žˮ,ʱȡá
һж׵,ŮȥٯٯĹӺɾ˹
ϰߵرѣһ𵹽Ƥ档
ſڣʵߵڲӰλߡַʱ໤λá
ʱ򣬺Ȼ룬Цع˹֣Це˵,ѾдλǰùˣҪټ
Ц,ء
һתө֮ǳӦ԰԰,ƮȻȥ
һĿ,ι,ȵ,רעˡ
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ѺܳһףһڳԵٰԼߵĸмǡ
Ȼ
ӣǲЦЦ
˿̣ƮƮĽŲŽŲģȴˡ
һλǰЩûʲôͬĺվżǰϢģǸոǽŲԲˡңէһ̽Ƿ·ӣʵϣŮѹ޷ֱ档
ѺϾ˵˵ʲô£Ѿ˰ɣ
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̽ʾס
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Ǵҹ͵ϮֺƵäϻʼֺƵĵùһ׮һ׮
˵ǼµĺһƲֺƵȷǱȶ游ˣҲȷǶϱ滹ͷеĶҲǳ鷳˲پá׻ǡǡ˱ǷǳӴģʱʹ˻顢ʧȥܶ࣬ʣµĿҲܿɹۣû̫ǰ£Ȼˡ
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ܿ׵Ժ󣬻ؼԺû죬Ҳˡ
ȶͦϲģ˱һ̶ȵ飬żҲһ¡
ֺǱ߶ȶͬкøУҲܸмȻǲֺģȶֺƵĳ㡪һʼʧȥֺƵԴͷֺƾõſûʲô𣬶Ҫ磬ܶϵͬʱκγŵֻѡġ
ƣûи顣

˵ʱ̽ȶĸ˷չ
ȶʮﶼֺƱŽΪĺѹϵֻ࣬ûǿƻؾѡǺȶǰǣֺƵϵԽԽ٣ԾڶƳǸļһЩšһûˣݹ۲죬ĿǰõĹˣǽӽ־ߣͶꡣĻܿѡͻ־ǸΪԷӡ
ʮǰ޸ͬҼһĶӣش󷽵ɩҲǷ޶½¶ŮʶܲѾɲˡ
ӶͶˣھƴɱʵǿĳѾΪٷ򳤣ֳƴɱֵʵͻƵøЩ˶пܱѡ߼߽ܶ붫СŮеĳŮӭȢһλɾ븮ܻ̳޵ĲҵŮļѵϲѾĳңŮʾѣ۲һʱƷкпܱΪ򲹽Ҳֱ붫ĺء

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ֻλʦͦϲյӵģֺ֮еıžŵʮǰʮһʦʦ㣬ֱͬʦµʦʦû
ȻȻģֺƲ˱й۲ڼһЩĥҲ˴бԴҲֻǳΪԺУһλƽƽѧԱ 